Binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme.
Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.
Digests the products of the catalytic reaction.
Is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor.
-40
-20
0
20
40
Some enzymes change their structure when activators bind to the enzyme.
A competitive inhibitor can outcompete the substrate for the active site.
The binding of the substrate changes the shape of th enzyme's active site.
The active site creates a microenvironment ideal for the reaction.
Endergonic
Endothermic
Enthalpic
Spontaneous
Exothermic
Enzymes that require a cofactor or ion for catalysis speed up more appreciably than if the enzymes act alone.
Enzyme function is increased if the three-dimensional structure or conformation of an enzyme is altered.
Enzyme function is independent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature.
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activition energy barriers.
+ change in G, + change in H, + change in S
+ change in G, + change in H, - change in S
- change in G, - change in H, - change in S
+ change in G, - change in H, - change in S
- change in G, - change in H, + change in S
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate.
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate
Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product.
Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor.
Malonic acid is the product, and fumarate is a competitive inhibitor.
It is a competitive inhibitor
It blocks the binding of fumarate.
It is an allosteric inhibitor.
It is able to bind to succinate.
It replaces the usual enzyme.
An increase in a cell's anabolic activity.
An increase in a cell's catabolic activity.
An increased influx of cofactor molecules.
An increased amino acid concentration.
The cell's inceased transport of materials to the environment.
They do not depend on enzymes.
They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions.
They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.
Free energy of the system.
Free energy of the universe.
Entropy of the system.
Entropy of the universe.
Enthalpy of the universe.
Dehydration reactions
Hydrolysis
Respiration
Digestion
Catabolism
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