Socl Final Exam Review

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  • 1/150 Questions

    A social problem is a social condition that

    • A segment of society views as harmful to members of society and in need of remedy.
    • Results in conflict among various population segments of a society.
    • Everyone in a society agrees is problematic for the society.
    • Interferes with the functioning of society.
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About This Quiz

The 'SOCL Final Exam Review' assesses understanding of societal structures, social problems, traditional social institutions, and sociological theories. It emphasizes the sociological imagination, linking personal experiences with broader social contexts.

Socl Final Exam Review - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The predominance of emotional and sexual attraction to individuals of the other sex is referred to as 

    • Asexuality.

    • Bisexuality.

    • Homosexuality.

    • Heterosexuality.

    Correct Answer
    A. Heterosexuality.
    Explanation
    Heterosexuality refers to the predominance of emotional and sexual attraction to individuals of the other sex. This means that individuals who identify as heterosexual are primarily attracted to people of the opposite sex.

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  • 3. 

    A woman who prefers same-sex partners is a 

    • Cross-dresser.

    • Queer.

    • Transvestite.

    • Lesbian.

    Correct Answer
    A. Lesbian.
    Explanation
    The term "lesbian" refers to a woman who is sexually and romantically attracted to other women. It is not related to cross-dressing or transgender identity, which are represented by the terms "cross-dresser" and "transvestite." The term "queer" is a broader umbrella term that encompasses various sexual orientations and gender identities, but it does not specifically refer to a woman preferring same-sex partners. Therefore, the correct answer is "lesbian."

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  • 4. 

    The most widely used illegal drug worldwide is

    • Opium.

    • Cocaine.

    • Amphetamines.

    • Cannabis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cannabis.
    Explanation
    Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug worldwide due to its availability and popularity. It is commonly used for recreational purposes and has gained acceptance in some countries for medicinal use as well. The drug is derived from the Cannabis plant and contains psychoactive compounds that produce a range of effects, including relaxation, euphoria, and altered perception. Its widespread use can be attributed to factors such as cultural practices, ease of cultivation, and the perception of it being a relatively safe drug compared to others.

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  • 5. 

    The 2010 Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ​

    • Allows corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money to support or oppose political candidates.

    • Creates a public interest group for immigrant issues.

    • Strictly regulates that no political candidate is allowed to spend more on the campaign than the opposition.

    • Provides campaign funds for low income political candidates.

    Correct Answer
    A. Allows corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money to support or oppose political candidates.
    Explanation
    The 2010 Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission allows corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money to support or oppose political candidates. This ruling overturned previous campaign finance laws and opened the door for corporations to have a significant influence on elections by using their financial resources to support candidates who align with their interests. This decision has been controversial, with critics arguing that it allows for the undue influence of money in politics and undermines the democratic process.

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  • 6. 

    In 2000, which country became the first to offer full legal marriage to same-sex couples? 

    • Australia

    • Somalia

    • Netherlands

    • The United States

    Correct Answer
    A. Netherlands
    Explanation
    In 2000, the Netherlands became the first country to offer full legal marriage to same-sex couples. This means that same-sex couples in the Netherlands were granted the same rights, benefits, and responsibilities as opposite-sex couples in terms of marriage. This landmark decision marked a significant step forward in the recognition and acceptance of same-sex relationships and paved the way for other countries to follow suit in legalizing same-sex marriage.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following is a Twelve-Step program?​

    • NIMH

    • Drug Court

    • ​standard in-patient treatment

    • ​Narcotics Anonymous

    Correct Answer
    A. ​Narcotics Anonymous
    Explanation
    Narcotics Anonymous is a Twelve-Step program for individuals struggling with drug addiction. It follows a spiritual approach and provides support, guidance, and a sense of community to help individuals recover from their addiction. The program involves attending meetings, working through the twelve steps, and having a sponsor for support. It is a widely recognized and respected program that has helped countless individuals overcome their addiction and maintain long-term sobriety.

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  • 8. 

    The term __________ refers to a form of oppression that gives power and privilege to heterosexuals.

    • Heterophobia

    • Homosexism

    • Homophobia

    • Heterosexism

    Correct Answer
    A. Heterosexism
    Explanation
    Heterosexism refers to a form of oppression that gives power and privilege to heterosexuals. It is a system that promotes and favors heterosexuality, while marginalizing and discriminating against individuals who identify as LGBTQ+. Heterosexism can manifest in various ways, such as assuming everyone is heterosexual, denying rights and benefits to same-sex couples, or stigmatizing and invalidating non-heterosexual orientations. This term highlights the social and structural advantages that heterosexual individuals have in society, perpetuating inequality and discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals.

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  • 9. 

    Every status is associated with many _________, or the set of rights, obligations, and expectations associated with a status.

    • Institutions

    • Norms

    • Values

    • Roles

    Correct Answer
    A. Roles
    Explanation
    Roles are the set of rights, obligations, and expectations associated with a status. They define the behaviors and responsibilities expected from individuals occupying a particular status in society. While institutions, norms, and values also play a role in shaping social behavior, roles specifically refer to the expectations and behaviors associated with a particular status.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is NOT true regarding the health environment of Americans?

    • Americans tend to have unhealthy patterns of food consumption.

    • American communities are designed for automobiles rather than pedestrians.

    • Americans have the highest obesity rates of any industrialized nation.

    • Americans tend to work fewer hours and take more time off than workers in other industrialized nations.

    Correct Answer
    A. Americans tend to work fewer hours and take more time off than workers in other industrialized nations.
  • 11. 

    If an individual internalizes the label of a drug user, she is likely to

    • Substitute legal for illegal drugs.

    • Continue and sometimes escalate drug use.

    • seek treatment for drug abuse.

    • Quit using drugs of any kind.

    Correct Answer
    A. Continue and sometimes escalate drug use.
    Explanation
    If an individual internalizes the label of a drug user, it means they have accepted and identified themselves as a drug user. This acceptance can lead to a sense of resignation and normalization of drug use, causing them to continue and potentially increase their drug use. Internalizing the label may also contribute to a loss of motivation to seek treatment or quit using drugs altogether.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with the effects of labels like “crackhead”?

    • feminist

    • Functionalist

    • Conflict

    • Symbolic interactionist

    Correct Answer
    A. Symbolic interactionist
    Explanation
    The symbolic interactionist perspective is most concerned with the effects of labels like "crackhead." This perspective focuses on how individuals interpret and assign meaning to symbols and labels in their interactions with others. Symbolic interactionists would be interested in studying how being labeled as a "crackhead" affects a person's self-perception, social interactions, and opportunities in society. They would also examine how these labels are constructed and reinforced through social interactions and how they shape individuals' behaviors and identities.

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  • 13. 

    In which region of the United States are poverty rates the highest?​

    • ​the New England states

    • ​the Midwest

    • ​the Northeast

    • ​the South and West

    Correct Answer
    A. ​the South and West
    Explanation
    The poverty rates are the highest in the South and West regions of the United States. This can be attributed to various factors such as lower wages, higher unemployment rates, and limited access to education and healthcare. These regions often have a higher concentration of rural areas and minority populations, which can contribute to higher poverty rates. Additionally, the South and West regions have historically faced economic challenges and disparities compared to other regions in the country.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following best describes the consequences of the U.S. system of decentralized funding?

    • Local socioeconomic conditions impact the quality and amount of education.

    • Racial diversity is maintained through neighborhood quotas.

    • Cities are forced to share revenues to ensure equal opportunities.

    • Districts in suburbs often have less funding because of the tax exemptions of their businesses.

    Correct Answer
    A. Local socioeconomic conditions impact the quality and amount of education.
    Explanation
    The U.S. system of decentralized funding means that education funding is primarily determined at the local level. This means that the quality and amount of education can vary greatly depending on the socioeconomic conditions of the local area. Areas with higher levels of wealth and resources are able to provide better education opportunities, while areas with lower levels of socioeconomic status may struggle to provide adequate funding for education. This system leads to disparities in educational resources and opportunities, as well as perpetuating socioeconomic inequalities.

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  • 15. 

    Ethnicity is based on 

    • Physical characteristics, such as skin color and eye shape.

    • National citizenship.

    • Religious affiliation.

    • Shared cultural heritage or nationality.

    Correct Answer
    A. Shared cultural heritage or nationality.
    Explanation
    Ethnicity is based on shared cultural heritage or nationality. Ethnicity refers to a group of people who share common customs, traditions, language, and cultural practices. It is not solely determined by physical characteristics, national citizenship, or religious affiliation. While physical characteristics may be associated with certain ethnic groups, they do not define ethnicity as a whole. National citizenship and religious affiliation are separate identities that may overlap with ethnicity but are not the sole determinants. The most accurate explanation is that ethnicity is primarily based on shared cultural heritage or nationality.

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  • 16. 

    Between 2013 and 2050 the percentage of older people in the world population is expected to _________ 

    • Decrease

    • Remain the same

    • Nearly double

    • Increase slightly

    Correct Answer
    A. Nearly double
    Explanation
    Between 2013 and 2050, the percentage of older people in the world population is expected to nearly double. This means that the proportion of older individuals in the global population will increase significantly, almost reaching twice the current percentage. This could be due to factors such as advancements in healthcare, increased life expectancy, and declining birth rates in many countries.

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  • 17. 

    According to the conflict perspective, alcohol is legal because it

    • Is often consumed by those who have the power to define its acceptability.

    • Is one of the safest drugs available.

    • Plays an important role in relieving social stress.

    • Provides a pleasurable experience to people when they first try it.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is often consumed by those who have the power to define its acceptability.
    Explanation
    According to the conflict perspective, alcohol is legal because it is often consumed by those who have the power to define its acceptability. This perspective suggests that the laws and regulations surrounding alcohol are influenced by those in positions of power, such as politicians and business owners, who benefit from its consumption. These individuals have the ability to shape societal norms and determine what is considered acceptable behavior, including the use of alcohol. Therefore, the legality of alcohol is a result of the influence and consumption patterns of those who hold power in society.

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  • 18. 

    Between 2011 and 2012, the average cost of a college education

    • Increased for both in-state and out-of-state students.

    • Went down due to new government subsidies.

    • Increased for white males but not for females and minority students.

    • Remained the same for in-state students but increased dramatically for out-of-state students.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased for both in-state and out-of-state students.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "increased for both in-state and out-of-state students." This can be inferred from the given statement that the average cost of a college education increased between 2011 and 2012 for both in-state and out-of-state students.

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  • 19. 

    From the teachers’ point of view, middle-class children _________ compared to children from economically disadvantaged homes.

    • Are easy and fun to teach

    • Grasp the material quickly

    • Do their homework

    • All of these choices

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these choices
    Explanation
    From the teachers' point of view, middle-class children are easy and fun to teach, grasp the material quickly, and do their homework. This means that middle-class children are generally more engaged, motivated, and attentive in the classroom, making the teaching process easier and more enjoyable for the teachers. Additionally, their ability to grasp the material quickly suggests that they have access to resources and support outside of school that helps them excel academically. Lastly, their consistent completion of homework indicates a strong work ethic and discipline, which further contributes to their overall positive learning experience.

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  • 20. 

    The “one drop of blood” rule specified that even one drop of 

    • Indian blood defined a person as Indian.

    • “Negroid” blood defined a person as black.

    • Mexican blood defined a person as Hispanic.

    • White blood defined a person as white.

    Correct Answer
    A. “Negroid” blood defined a person as black.
    Explanation
    The "one drop of blood" rule was a racial classification system that defined a person's race based on the presence of even a small amount of certain racial blood. In this case, "Negroid" blood, or African ancestry, was considered enough to classify a person as black. This rule was used to enforce racial segregation and discrimination, particularly in the United States during the era of Jim Crow laws. It perpetuated the idea that any amount of non-white blood made a person inferior and subject to racial discrimination.

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  • 21. 

    The most common crime in all countries is

    • arson.

    • Theft.

    • Homicide.

    • Rape.

    Correct Answer
    A. Theft.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is theft because it is a crime that occurs frequently in all countries. Theft refers to the act of taking someone else's property without their permission, and it can happen in various forms such as burglary, pickpocketing, or shoplifting. This crime is prevalent worldwide due to various factors like economic disparities, lack of security measures, and opportunistic behavior. Additionally, theft is often considered a non-violent crime compared to other options like arson, homicide, or rape, which makes it more common across different countries.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is an example of corporate welfare?

    • Severance pay and unemployment insurance

    • A large corporation donates money to a homeless shelter

    • Low-interest government loans, subsidies, and tax breaks to corporations

    • Employee assistance programs

    Correct Answer
    A. Low-interest government loans, subsidies, and tax breaks to corporations
    Explanation
    The correct answer is low-interest government loans, subsidies, and tax breaks to corporations. This is an example of corporate welfare because it involves the government providing financial assistance to corporations through loans with low interest rates, subsidies, and tax breaks. These benefits are given to corporations in order to support their growth and development, and can be seen as a form of government intervention in the economy to promote corporate interests.

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  • 23. 

    According to the structural-functionalist perspective, homosexual relations are defined as “deviant” because 

    • They do not fulfill the family institution’s main function of producing and rearing children.

    • These relationships are based on sexual gratification, not love.

    • They contradict the dominant belief that women should submit to their husbands.

    • They reduce the number of eligible males in the dating and marriage market.

    Correct Answer
    A. They do not fulfill the family institution’s main function of producing and rearing children.
    Explanation
    According to the structural-functionalist perspective, homosexual relations are considered "deviant" because they do not fulfill the family institution's main function of producing and rearing children. In this perspective, the family is seen as a social institution that plays a crucial role in maintaining social order and stability. The primary function of the family is seen as the reproduction and socialization of children, and homosexual relationships are seen as deviating from this norm. This perspective views the family as a fundamental unit in society, and any deviation from its traditional functions is seen as deviant.

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  • 24. 

    In the United States, men are LESS likely than women to 

    • Engage in risky behaviors.

    • Abuse alcohol and drugs.

    • Be socialized to be independent.

    • Visit a doctor and adhere to medical regimens.

    Correct Answer
    A. Visit a doctor and adhere to medical regimens.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "visit a doctor and adhere to medical regimens." This is because studies have shown that men are less likely than women to seek medical care and follow prescribed treatments. This can be attributed to various factors such as societal expectations of masculinity, fear of vulnerability, and lack of awareness about the importance of preventive healthcare. Men often delay seeking medical attention, which can lead to the worsening of health conditions and poorer health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to encourage men to prioritize their health and seek regular medical check-ups.

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  • 25. 

    The ozone layer of Earth’s atmosphere

    • Contributes to indoor air pollution.

    • Causes skin cancer.

    • Absorbs harmful radiation from the sun.

    • Creates acid rain.

    Correct Answer
    A. Absorbs harmful radiation from the sun.
    Explanation
    The ozone layer of Earth's atmosphere acts as a protective shield by absorbing harmful radiation from the sun. This helps to prevent excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation from reaching the Earth's surface, which can cause various health issues such as skin cancer. Therefore, the ozone layer plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall balance of the Earth's atmosphere and protecting living organisms from the harmful effects of UV radiation.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five traditional social institutions?

    • Religion

    • Family

    • Prison

    • Politics

    Correct Answer
    A. Prison
    Explanation
    Prison is not considered one of the five traditional social institutions because it does not fulfill the criteria of being a fundamental and essential structure in society. The five traditional social institutions include religion, family, politics, education, and economy. These institutions play crucial roles in shaping and organizing society, whereas prison is a system designed for the punishment and rehabilitation of individuals who have committed crimes. While prisons are important for maintaining law and order, they are not considered on the same level as the other social institutions in terms of their overall impact and significance.

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  • 27. 

    A crime is​

    • A violation of a federal, state, or local criminal law.

    • ​the same as a felony.

    • A disagreement between two or more parties.

    • ​any violation of a community's standards.

    Correct Answer
    A. A violation of a federal, state, or local criminal law.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "a violation of a federal, state, or local criminal law." This answer accurately defines a crime as an act that goes against the established laws at any level of government. Crimes can vary in severity and can include both felonies and misdemeanors, but the defining factor is that they involve breaking the law. This answer distinguishes a crime from other possibilities such as a disagreement between parties or a violation of community standards, which may not necessarily involve breaking a specific law.

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  • 28. 

    Medicaid

    • Is federally subsidized food assistance for malnourished children.

    • Is federally subsidized medical services and hospitalization for the elderly.

    • Specializes in medical care for severely, chronically ill children.

    • Provides medical care for the poor through reimbursements to physicians and hospitals.

    Correct Answer
    A. Provides medical care for the poor through reimbursements to physicians and hospitals.
    Explanation
    Medicaid is a government program that provides medical care for individuals with low income and limited resources. It operates by reimbursing healthcare providers such as physicians and hospitals for the services they provide to eligible individuals. This helps to ensure that those who cannot afford healthcare services are still able to receive necessary medical care.

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  • 29. 

    Students in middle and upper income families are

    • Less likely to graduate from college.

    • Less likely to enroll in advanced mathematics classes.

    • More likely to attend college

    • Less likely to graduate from high school.

    Correct Answer
    A. More likely to attend college
    Explanation
    Students in middle and upper income families are more likely to attend college. This is because they usually have access to better educational resources, such as private schools and tutors, which can increase their chances of being accepted into college. Additionally, these families often have more financial stability, allowing them to afford the cost of tuition and other expenses associated with attending college.

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  • 30. 

    Which category is most likely to self-identify as LGBT? 

    • Asian Americans

    • ​whites

    • Hispanics

    • African Americans

    Correct Answer
    A. African Americans
    Explanation
    African Americans are most likely to self-identify as LGBT. This could be due to a variety of factors, including cultural and societal acceptance within the African American community, as well as the influence of prominent figures and movements advocating for LGBT rights within the community. Additionally, African Americans may feel a greater need to self-identify as LGBT in order to combat discrimination and marginalization based on both race and sexual orientation.

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  • 31. 

     _________ is calculated as the number of working-age people divided by the number of people 65 or older. 

    • Baby boomers

    • The elderly support ratio

    • Retirement age

    • Social security

    Correct Answer
    A. The elderly support ratio
    Explanation
    The elderly support ratio is calculated as the number of working-age people divided by the number of people 65 or older. This ratio is used to determine the level of support that the working-age population can provide to the elderly population. A higher ratio indicates a larger working-age population relative to the elderly population, suggesting that there may be more resources available to support the needs of the elderly. Conversely, a lower ratio indicates a smaller working-age population relative to the elderly population, suggesting potential challenges in providing adequate support and services to the elderly.

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  • 32. 

    The world’s leading arms exporting nation is 

    • China.

    • the United States.

    • North Korea.

    • Russia.

    Correct Answer
    A. the United States.
    Explanation
    The United States is considered the world's leading arms exporting nation due to its significant production and export of weapons and military equipment. The country has a well-established defense industry and is known for its advanced technology and high-quality weaponry. The United States exports arms to various countries around the world, including allies and partners, contributing to its status as the top arms exporter globally.

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  • 33. 

    Planned obsolescence refers to 

    • The way in which environmentally and socially damaging companies portray their products as “environmentally friendly.”

    • The premeditated use of a particular natural resource in such a way that destroys it forever.

    • Manufacturing of products that are intended to become inoperative or outdated in a fairly short period of time.

    • Depletion of natural resources that makes an area uninhabitable.

    Correct Answer
    A. Manufacturing of products that are intended to become inoperative or outdated in a fairly short period of time.
    Explanation
    Planned obsolescence refers to the manufacturing of products that are intentionally designed to become inoperative or outdated within a relatively short period of time. This practice encourages consumers to frequently replace their products, leading to increased sales and profits for companies. It is a strategy used by companies to ensure a constant demand for their products, but it can also contribute to environmental waste and resource depletion.

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  • 34. 

    Which perspective argues that the division of society into the "haves" and "have-nots" will create social problems?

    • Functionalist

    • Conflict

    • Interactionist

    • Anomie

    Correct Answer
    A. Conflict
    Explanation
    The conflict perspective argues that the division of society into the "haves" and "have-nots" will create social problems. According to this perspective, social inequality and power imbalances lead to conflict between different social groups. The "haves" who possess wealth and resources exploit and oppress the "have-nots," leading to social unrest, inequality, and social problems. This perspective emphasizes the importance of addressing and challenging social inequalities to create a more just and equitable society.

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  • 35. 

    What term refers to the deliberate, systematic annihilation of an entire nation or people? 

    • Genocide

    • Colonialism

    • Assimilation

    • Amalgamation

    Correct Answer
    A. Genocide
    Explanation
    Genocide refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of a whole nation or ethnic group. It involves acts such as mass killings, forced displacement, and other forms of violence with the intention to eliminate the targeted group. This term is commonly used to describe atrocities committed during events like the Holocaust, the Armenian Genocide, and the Rwandan Genocide.

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  • 36. 

    The belief that race accounts for differences in human character and ability and that a particular race is superior to others is called

    • Discrimination.

    • Racism.

    • Aversive prejudice.

    • A self-fulfilling prophecy.

    Correct Answer
    A. Racism.
    Explanation
    Racism refers to the belief that differences in human character and ability are determined by race, and that one race is superior to others. It involves discriminatory attitudes, behaviors, and policies based on these beliefs. Racism can manifest in various forms, such as individual acts of prejudice or systemic discrimination. This term encompasses the idea of racial superiority and the negative treatment of individuals or groups based on their race.

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  • 37. 

    Who are transgendered individuals?

    • People who are born with ambiguous genitalia

    • People whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their assigned birth sex

    • Gays

    • People who have completed sexual reassignment through surgery

    Correct Answer
    A. People whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their assigned birth sex
    Explanation
    Transgender individuals are people whose sense of gender identity does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth. This means that their internal sense of being male, female, or something else does not match the physical characteristics they were born with. It is important to note that being transgender is not the same as being gay, and it does not necessarily involve having ambiguous genitalia or undergoing sexual reassignment surgery. Gender identity is a deeply personal experience, and transgender individuals may choose to transition socially, medically, or not at all.

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  • 38. 

    President Dwight D. Eisenhower referred to the close association between the military and the defense industry as the military-industrial

    • Institution.

    • Collaboration.

    • Complex.

    • Dynamic.

    Correct Answer
    A. Complex.
    Explanation
    President Dwight D. Eisenhower referred to the close association between the military and the defense industry as the military-industrial complex. This term suggests that the relationship between the two entities is intricate and multifaceted. It implies that there are interdependencies, mutual interests, and potential conflicts of interest between the military and the defense industry. The term "complex" accurately captures the intricate nature of this relationship, making it the correct answer.

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  • 39. 

    Which of the theoretical perspectives is most likely to study how changes in society affect health?

    • Symbolic interactionism

    • Conflict

    • Feminism

    • Structural-functionalism

    Correct Answer
    A. Structural-functionalism
    Explanation
    Structural-functionalism is the most likely theoretical perspective to study how changes in society affect health. This perspective focuses on the interdependence and functioning of different parts of society. It examines how social institutions and structures contribute to the overall stability and well-being of society. When studying health, structural-functionalism would analyze how changes in social structures, such as healthcare systems, economic conditions, or social norms, impact individuals' health outcomes and overall population health. This perspective emphasizes the importance of maintaining social equilibrium and understanding the role of various societal factors in shaping health patterns.

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  • 40. 

    How would conflict theorists explain the difference in sentencing between crack and cocaine?

    • More people use crack than cocaine.

    • People of the upper classes are more likely to use cocaine and have access to lawmaking power.

    • Crack is more dangerous than cocaine.

    • Cocaine is a part of our culture.

    Correct Answer
    A. People of the upper classes are more likely to use cocaine and have access to lawmaking power.
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that conflict theorists would explain the difference in sentencing between crack and cocaine by highlighting the influence of social class and power dynamics. According to this perspective, people of the upper classes, who are more likely to use cocaine, also have greater access to lawmaking power. This power imbalance can result in differential treatment and sentencing, with crack, which is more commonly used by lower-income individuals, being punished more severely than cocaine. This explanation aligns with conflict theory's focus on societal inequalities and the role of power in shaping social institutions and outcomes.

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  • 41. 

    Geneticists have discovered that 

    • The genes of any two unrelated persons are 99.9 percent alike.

    • There are three “pure” races left on the planet Earth.

    • Genetic variation between racial groups is greater than genetic variation within racial groups.

    • In Asia and Africa, skin color distinctions are abrupt, not graded as in the United States.

    Correct Answer
    A. The genes of any two unrelated persons are 99.9 percent alike.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the genes of any two unrelated persons are 99.9 percent alike. This means that the genetic makeup of individuals from different backgrounds is almost identical, with only a very small percentage of variation. This finding highlights the fact that human genetic diversity is relatively low, and that the concept of race is not a valid biological construct.

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  • 42. 

    Conflict theory suggests war is LEAST likely to benefit 

    • Racial and ethnic minorities.

    • Corporate elite.

    • Political elite.

    • Military elite.

    Correct Answer
    A. Racial and ethnic minorities.
    Explanation
    Conflict theory posits that society is characterized by ongoing conflicts between different social groups, particularly those with differing levels of power and resources. In this context, war is seen as a means for the dominant groups, such as the corporate, political, and military elites, to maintain and expand their power. However, racial and ethnic minorities are typically marginalized and oppressed within society, making them the least likely to benefit from war. Therefore, the correct answer is racial and ethnic minorities.

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  • 43. 

    Terrorism is the premeditated use, or threatened use, of violence by ________ to gain a political or social objective. 

    • Individuals or groups

    • A society

    • A coalition of governments

    • A government

    Correct Answer
    A. Individuals or groups
    Explanation
    Terrorism is a tactic employed by individuals or groups who use or threaten violence in order to achieve a political or social goal. This explanation clarifies that terrorism is not limited to a single entity or organization, but can be carried out by various individuals or groups. It emphasizes that the use of violence is premeditated and serves as a means to an end, highlighting the strategic nature of terrorism.

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  • 44. 

    The ____________ of society refers to the way society is organized.

    • Ethos

    • Culture

    • Structure

    • Sociological imagination

    Correct Answer
    A. Structure
    Explanation
    The term "structure" refers to the way society is organized. It encompasses the various institutions, organizations, and systems that shape and guide social interactions and behaviors. This includes the political, economic, educational, and social systems that exist within a society. The structure of society influences individuals' roles, relationships, and opportunities, and helps to maintain social order and stability.

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  • 45. 

    Which element of a social problem refers to the belief that a particular social condition is harmful to society?

    • Operational

    • Objective

    • Subjective

    • Theoretical

    Correct Answer
    A. Subjective
    Explanation
    The term "subjective" refers to the belief that a particular social condition is harmful to society. This means that the perception of harm is based on personal opinions, values, and experiences rather than objective facts or evidence. In the context of social problems, subjective views play a significant role in identifying and addressing issues, as they shape individuals' understanding of what needs to be addressed and how it should be addressed.

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  • 46. 

    An estimated 600,000 autonomous political units existed in the world around the year 1000 B.C. Today, that number is 

    • 200,000.

    • 1.2 million.

    • Fewer than 200.

    • 20,000.

    Correct Answer
    A. Fewer than 200.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "fewer than 200." This is because the statement mentions that around the year 1000 B.C., there were an estimated 600,000 autonomous political units in the world. However, today, that number has decreased significantly to fewer than 200.

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  • 47. 

    Sociologists define an institution as

    • A collection of people who have something in common.

    • A building where people with special needs live and are cared for.

    • An established and enduring social pattern of social relationships.

    • A general idea about what is important or desirable.

    Correct Answer
    A. An established and enduring social pattern of social relationships.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "an established and enduring social pattern of social relationships." This answer accurately reflects the definition of an institution in sociology. An institution is not simply a collection of people who have something in common, as it implies a more structured and organized system. It is also not a building where people with special needs live and are cared for, as this is more specific to a certain type of institution like a care facility. Furthermore, it is not a general idea about what is important or desirable, as this does not capture the social pattern aspect of an institution.

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  • 48. 

    Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness contribute to its discrediting label or​ 

    • Stigma

    • Anomie

    • ​transference.

    • Alienation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Stigma
    Explanation
    Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness contribute to its discrediting label or stigma. Stigma refers to the negative attitudes and beliefs that society holds towards individuals with mental illness. These stereotypes can lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and a lack of understanding and support for those experiencing mental health issues. Stigma can prevent individuals from seeking help and treatment, perpetuating the cycle of misunderstanding and marginalization.

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  • 49. 

    Use of ________________ kills more people than AIDS, tuberculosis, or violence.

    • Pharmaceutical drugs

    • Alcohol

    • Methamphetamine​

    • Cocaine

    Correct Answer
    A. Alcohol
    Explanation
    Alcohol is the correct answer because it is widely consumed and its excessive use can lead to various health problems such as liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. According to the World Health Organization, alcohol causes more than 3 million deaths each year, making it a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. In comparison, while drugs like methamphetamine and cocaine can be highly addictive and harmful, their usage and associated deaths are generally lower than those caused by alcohol.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 06, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Megan Culbreth
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