De: Cell And Membrane
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Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells?
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A true nucleus contains the chromosomes.
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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments.
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They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.
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They all contain mitochondria.
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They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.
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Explore the foundational concepts of cell biology in the 'DE: Cell and Membrane' quiz. This quiz tests knowledge on cell theory, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, organelles like mitochondria, and the properties of cell membranes, crucial for students and enthusiasts aiming to understand cellular functions and structures.
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- 2.
Which organelle creates ATP energy for a cell?
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Chloroplast
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Mitochondria
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Ribosome
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Nucleus
Correct Answer
A. MitochondriaExplanation
Mitochondria create ATP energy for a cell. ATP is the main energy source for cellular activities, and mitochondria are responsible for producing it through a process called cellular respiration. They have an inner membrane that contains proteins involved in ATP synthesis. This organelle is often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell due to its crucial role in energy production. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, while ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the nucleus contains genetic material.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Plant cells have one big____ used for storage, but animal cells have lots of small ones.
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Nucleus
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Mitochondria
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Vacuole
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Cytoplasm
Correct Answer
A. VacuoleExplanation
Plant cells have one big vacuole used for storage, while animal cells have lots of small vacuoles. The vacuole in plant cells is a large membrane-bound organelle that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It also helps maintain the turgidity and shape of the plant cell. In contrast, animal cells have multiple small vacuoles that perform various functions, such as storing waste, regulating pH, and maintaining osmotic balance. The presence of one large vacuole in plant cells and multiple small vacuoles in animal cells is a key difference between the two cell types.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which description best fits the cell membrane?
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Transparent
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Rigid for support
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Thick and waxy
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Semi-permeable
Correct Answer
A. Semi-permeableExplanation
The cell membrane is described as semi-permeable because it selectively allows certain substances to pass through while preventing others from entering or leaving the cell. This characteristic is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment and regulating the movement of molecules such as nutrients and waste products. The term "semi-permeable" accurately captures this property of the cell membrane without any additional explanation needed.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following organelles do animal cells have?
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Chloroplasts
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Cell wall
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One large vacuole
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Mitochondria
Correct Answer
A. MitochondriaExplanation
Animal cells have mitochondria because they are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis. Cell walls are also found in plant cells and provide structural support. One large vacuole is found in plant cells and serves various functions including storage and maintaining cell turgidity. Therefore, the correct answer is mitochondria.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Where does photosynthesis happen?
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Chloroplasts
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Ribosomes
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Mitochondria
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Vacuoles
Correct Answer
A. ChloroplastsExplanation
Photosynthesis is a process carried out by plants and some other organisms to convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and uses it to fuel the chemical reactions of photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is chloroplasts.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Where are proteins made?
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Chloroplasts
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Mitochondria
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Nucleus
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Ribosomes
Correct Answer
A. RibosomesExplanation
Proteins are made in ribosomes. Ribosomes are small, complex structures found in cells where protein synthesis occurs. They are responsible for reading the genetic instructions in the form of RNA and assembling amino acids into proteins. While chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus play important roles in cellular processes, protein synthesis specifically takes place in ribosomes.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The SER does all of the following except:
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Detoxification
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Lipid metabolism
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Stores calcium ions
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ATP production
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Uses transport vesicles
Correct Answer
A. ATP productionExplanation
The SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) is responsible for various functions in the cell. It plays a role in detoxification, lipid metabolism, and stores calcium ions. However, ATP production is not a function of the SER. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is primarily produced in the mitochondria through cellular respiration. The SER is involved in the synthesis of lipids and steroids, but not in the production of ATP.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The process by which substances pass through the cell membrane without expending energy is called:
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Endocytosis
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Passive transport
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Active transport
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Phagocytosis
Correct Answer
A. Passive transportExplanation
Passive transport is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which substances move across the cell membrane without the need for energy expenditure. Unlike active transport, which requires energy, passive transport relies on the concentration gradient to allow molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This can occur through diffusion, osmosis, or facilitated diffusion. Endocytosis and phagocytosis, on the other hand, involve the engulfing of substances by the cell membrane and require energy, making them active transport processes.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The process by which substances move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration is called:
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Phagocytosis
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Diffusion
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Active transport
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Endocytosis
Correct Answer
A. DiffusionExplanation
Diffusion is the correct answer because it refers to the process in which substances move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. This movement occurs due to the random motion of particles, causing them to spread out and distribute evenly. Diffusion does not require energy input and is a passive process. Phagocytosis, active transport, and endocytosis all involve the movement of substances, but they do not specifically refer to the movement from high to low concentration.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The site where ribosomes are assembled is the:
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Nucleus
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DNA
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Chromosome
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Nucleolus
Correct Answer
A. NucleolusExplanation
The nucleolus is the correct answer because it is the site where ribosomes are assembled. Ribosomes are essential cellular structures involved in protein synthesis. The nucleolus is a substructure within the nucleus of a cell and is responsible for producing and assembling the components of ribosomes. Therefore, the nucleolus plays a crucial role in the formation of ribosomes, making it the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Because bacteria do not contain nuclei, they are known as:
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Prokaryotes
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Phagocytes
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Eukaryotes
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Endocytes
Correct Answer
A. ProkaryotesExplanation
Bacteria are known as prokaryotes because they lack a nucleus. Prokaryotes are characterized by the absence of a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Instead, their genetic material is present in a region called the nucleoid. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that have a simple cellular structure compared to eukaryotes, which have a true nucleus and other complex organelles. Phagocytes are a type of immune cell that engulf and destroy pathogens, while endocytes and eukaryotes are not accurate terms to describe bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which cell structure would be involved in digesting worn-out ribosomes?
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Cytoplasm
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Golgi bodies
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Lysosomes
Correct Answer
A. LysosomesExplanation
Lysosomes are cell structures involved in the digestion and breakdown of cellular waste and debris, including worn-out organelles such as ribosomes. They contain enzymes that can break down various molecules, including proteins. Therefore, lysosomes would be responsible for digesting worn-out ribosomes in the cell.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Where does the final processing of proteins occur?
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Golgi bodies
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Ribosomes
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Nucleus
Correct Answer
A. Golgi bodiesExplanation
The Golgi bodies are responsible for the final processing of proteins. After proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, they are transported to the Golgi bodies. Here, the proteins undergo modifications such as folding, sorting, and packaging. The Golgi bodies also play a role in adding carbohydrate chains to proteins, forming glycoproteins. Therefore, the Golgi bodies are the organelles where the final processing and modification of proteins occur before they are transported to their final destinations within or outside the cell.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which plant organelle stores water?
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Nucleus
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Lysosome
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Ribosome
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Vacuole
Correct Answer
A. VacuoleExplanation
The correct answer is vacuole. Vacuoles are plant organelles that store water, as well as other substances such as nutrients and waste products. They play a crucial role in maintaining the turgidity and shape of plant cells, as well as regulating the concentration of solutes within the cell. Vacuoles are membrane-bound structures that can occupy a significant portion of the cell's volume, and their size and function can vary depending on the specific needs of the plant.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which cell organelle has the job of determining which substances can go into and out of the cell?
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Cell membrane
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Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Lysosomes
Correct Answer
A. Cell membraneExplanation
The cell membrane is responsible for determining which substances can enter and exit the cell. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis and regulating the cell's internal environment. The cell membrane contains various proteins and channels that facilitate the movement of substances in and out of the cell, controlling the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and signaling molecules. Therefore, the cell membrane is the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The site where ribosomes are assembled is the:
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Nucleus
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DNA
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Chromosome
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Nucleolus
Correct Answer
A. NucleolusExplanation
The nucleolus is the correct answer because it is the site where ribosomes are assembled. Ribosomes are essential cellular structures involved in protein synthesis, and their assembly occurs within the nucleolus. The nucleolus is a distinct region within the nucleus of a cell and contains the necessary components for ribosome production. Therefore, the nucleolus plays a crucial role in the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes, making it the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which structures would be found in a maple tree cell but not a human cell?
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Lysomes and mitochondria
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Chloroplasts and cell walls
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Ribosomes and cell membranes
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Nuclei and cell membranes
Correct Answer
A. Chloroplasts and cell wallsExplanation
Maple trees are plants and have chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy. Human cells do not have chloroplasts as they do not perform photosynthesis. Additionally, plant cells have cell walls, which provide support and protection to the cell. Human cells do not have cell walls; instead, they have cell membranes that regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Therefore, chloroplasts and cell walls would be found in a maple tree cell but not a human cell.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which cell organelle has the job of determining which substances can go into and out of the cell?
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Cell membrane
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Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Lysosomes
Correct Answer
A. Cell membraneExplanation
The cell membrane is responsible for determining which substances can enter and exit the cell. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. This process is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and regulating the cell's internal environment. The other organelles listed, such as ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes, have different functions and are not directly involved in controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of these does require energy?
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Active Transport
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Passive Transport
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Osmosis
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Gravity
Correct Answer
A. Active TransportExplanation
Active transport is the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Because this defies the law of diffusion, it takes the proteins on the membrane energy to transport molecules across.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The process of taking materials into the cell by mans of infolding, or pockets, of the cell membrane is NOT called:
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Endocytosis
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Phagocytosis
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Pinocytosis
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Exocytosis
Correct Answer
A. ExocytosisExplanation
Endocytosis- General category of allowing molecules in via pockets of the cell membrane
Phagocytosis- Engulfing large particles by extension of the cytoplasm, specifically solid particles
Pinocytosis- Cell membrane folds in and forms a vesicle, takes in molecules like proteins
Exocytosis- expelling molecules by allowing vacuole with unwanted molecule to connect to membrane and open out of the cell (reverse of Endocytosis)Rate this question:
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- 22.
Water is more concentrated in...
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the solution on the side of the membrane with the least solute.
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The solution on the side of the membrane with the most solute.
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The solution on the one side of the membrane that has reached equilibrium.
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The solution on either side of the membrane that has reached equilibrium.
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The solution on neither side of the membrane due to the constant motion of the molecules.
Correct Answer
A. the solution on the side of the membrane with the least solute.Explanation
Water moves across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This process is known as osmosis. Therefore, the solution on the side of the membrane with the least solute will have a higher concentration of water, making it more concentrated in water.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?
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small polar molecules
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Small nonpolar molecules
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Large polar molecules
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Large nonpolar molecules
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Large neutral molecules
Correct Answer
A. Small nonpolar moleculesExplanation
Small nonpolar molecules will pass through a cell membrane most easily because the cell membrane is primarily composed of a lipid bilayer, which is impermeable to polar molecules due to its hydrophobic nature. Nonpolar molecules, on the other hand, can dissolve in the lipid bilayer and pass through it via simple diffusion. Additionally, their small size allows them to easily navigate through the membrane's hydrophobic core. Large polar molecules, large nonpolar molecules, and large neutral molecules would face more difficulty passing through the membrane due to their size and/or polarity.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will
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Expand.
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Burst.
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Shrink.
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Have no change in shape.
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Become a white blood cell.
Correct Answer
A. Shrink.Explanation
When a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic medium, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. As a result, water from inside the cell moves out to the surrounding medium through osmosis, causing the cell to lose water and shrink. This is because water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (inside the cell) to an area of higher solute concentration (outside the cell) in order to equalize the concentration on both sides. Therefore, the correct answer is shrink.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which is NOT true about the cell theory?
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It states that all organisms are composed of cells.
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It states that all cells come from preexisting cells.
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It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.
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It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life.
Correct Answer
A. It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.Explanation
The cell theory states that all organisms are composed of cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that it is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life. However, the statement that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously is not true according to the cell theory. The theory suggests that all cells come from preexisting cells, meaning that new cells are formed through cell division rather than spontaneously appearing.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The molecule that is the main component of the cell membrane is called the:
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Lipid bilayer
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Phosphobilayer
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Phospholipid
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Lipid membrane
Correct Answer
A. PhospholipidExplanation
The main component of the cell membrane is a phospholipid. Phospholipids are a type of lipid that have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail. These molecules arrange themselves in a double layer called the lipid bilayer, which forms the basic structure of the cell membrane. The hydrophilic heads face outward, interacting with the watery environment inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face inward, creating a barrier that prevents the passage of certain molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is phospholipid.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In which cell organelles can you find DNA?
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Cell membrane and cytoplasm
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Nucleus and mitochondria
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Ribosomes and nucleus
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Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
A. Nucleus and mitochondriaExplanation
The correct answer is nucleus and mitochondria. DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell, where it is stored and replicated. The mitochondria also contain DNA, although it is much smaller and separate from the nuclear DNA. The DNA in mitochondria is responsible for producing proteins essential for the mitochondria's function in energy production.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which cell organelle acts as the "travel system" for the cell, allowing substances to move throughout the cell from one organelle to another?
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Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Mitochondria
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Lysosome
Correct Answer
A. Endoplasmic reticulumExplanation
The endoplasmic reticulum acts as the "travel system" for the cell, allowing substances to move throughout the cell from one organelle to another. It is a network of membranes that extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane, and it is involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is studded with ribosomes, is responsible for protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and toxins. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum plays a crucial role in maintaining the internal organization and function of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of these molecules CAN pass through a cell via a protein channel?
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Carbon dioxide
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Glucose
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Oxygen
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Ethanol
Correct Answer
A. GlucoseExplanation
Starch is too large to pass through the proteins on the membrane of a cell, and Oxygen and Ethanol pass through the phospholipid bi-layer via passive transport and cannot be stopped.Rate this question:
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- 30.
When a membrane that is permeable to both a solute and water separates water with a high osmolarity from water with a low osmolarity...
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Both the water and the solute will pass through the membrane in both directions until equilibrium is reached on both sides of the membrane for both water and the solute. Afterwards, both with move but there will be no net movement from one side to the other.
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The motion of the molecules of both the solute and water will cease when equilibrium is reached.
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None of the above
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The water will only move through the membrane in one direction while the solute will move through the membrane in the other.
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The solute will pass through the membrane in both directions until equilibrium is reached on both sides of the membrane for the solute but water will not move.
Correct Answer
A. Both the water and the solute will pass through the membrane in both directions until equilibrium is reached on both sides of the membrane for both water and the solute. Afterwards, both with move but there will be no net movement from one side to the other.Explanation
When a membrane is permeable to both a solute and water, the solute and water molecules will move through the membrane in both directions until equilibrium is reached on both sides. This means that the concentration of solute and water will be the same on both sides of the membrane. After equilibrium is reached, there will still be movement of both solute and water, but there will be no net movement from one side to the other. This is because the concentrations are equal, so there is no driving force for further movement.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Osmosis is best defined as the movement of
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Molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.
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Fluid molecules across a membrane from an area of low water to an area of higher concentration.
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Fluid molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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Water molecules inside a container.
Correct Answer
A. Fluid molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration.Explanation
Osmosis is the process in which fluid molecules move across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration. This movement occurs in order to balance the concentration of solute particles on both sides of the membrane.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Is surrounded by a double membrane
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Cell membrane
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Nucleus
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Ribosome
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Smooth ER
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Rough ER
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Golgi body
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Nucleolus
Correct Answer
A. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane. This double membrane is known as the nuclear envelope, which separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. The nuclear envelope has two layers, an inner and an outer membrane, with a small space in between them called the perinuclear space. This double membrane acts as a protective barrier for the nucleus, allowing it to maintain its integrity and regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Digestive enzymes catalyze hydrolysis in
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Celll membrane
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Nucleus
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Ribosome
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Smooth ER
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Rough ER
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Lysosome
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Nucleolus
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Mitochonrion
Correct Answer
A. LysosomeExplanation
Lysosomes are organelles found in cells that contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down various molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, through hydrolysis. This process allows the cell to obtain nutrients from the broken-down molecules and recycle waste materials. Therefore, lysosomes catalyze hydrolysis, making them the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Makes ribosomes
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Celll membrane
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Nucleus
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Ribosome
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Smooth ER
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Rough ER
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Golgi body
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Nucleolus
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Mitochonrion
Correct Answer
A. NucleolusExplanation
The nucleolus is responsible for making ribosomes. Ribosomes are essential cellular structures involved in protein synthesis. The nucleolus is located within the nucleus of the cell and is involved in the assembly of ribosomal subunits. It contains DNA, RNA, and proteins necessary for ribosome production. Therefore, the nucleolus is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in the synthesis of ribosomes.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A white blood cell has .08 M solute concentration and the blood plasma has .1 M solute concentration. The blood plasma is _______ and water will move _________ the white blood cell.
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Hypertonic; into
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Hypertonic; out of
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Hypotonic; into
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Hypotonic; out of
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Isotonic; into
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Isotonic; out of
Correct Answer
A. Hypertonic; out ofExplanation
The blood plasma has a higher solute concentration (.1 M) compared to the white blood cell (.08 M). This makes the blood plasma hypertonic, meaning it has a higher concentration of solutes. In hypertonic solutions, water moves out of the cell in an attempt to equalize the solute concentration on both sides of the cell membrane. Therefore, water will move out of the white blood cell.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The equation -iCRT is used to calculate
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Water potential
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Pressure potential
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Solute potential
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Osmotic potential
Correct Answer
A. Solute potentialExplanation
The equation -iCRT is used to calculate solute potential. Solute potential refers to the effect of solute concentration on the movement of water. It is influenced by the number of solute particles (i), the gas constant (R), the temperature in Kelvin (T), and the pressure (P). This equation allows us to determine the solute potential, which is important in understanding the movement of water across membranes and in plant cells.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Using the equation -iCRT, if a cell has .7 M sucrose (ionization = 1) and it is 3 degrees Celcius, calculate the solute potential: (R = .0831)
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16.1
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.17
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-16.1
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-.17
Correct Answer
A. -16.1Explanation
The equation -iCRT is used to calculate the solute potential. In this equation, i represents the ionization constant, C represents the molar concentration of the solute, R represents the ideal gas constant, and T represents the temperature in Kelvin. In this question, the sucrose concentration is given as 0.7 M and the temperature is 3 degrees Celsius. To convert the temperature to Kelvin, we add 273 to it, giving us 276 K. Since sucrose does not ionize, the ionization constant (i) is 1. Plugging these values into the equation, we get -1 * 1 * 0.7 * 0.0831 * 276 = -16.1. Therefore, the solute potential is -16.1.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following is NOT a function of cell surface proteins:
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Digestion of starch
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Receptors for insulin
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Pores to allow water to quickly enter a cell
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Recognition molecules to assist immune system
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Channels to allow potassium ions to pass
Correct Answer
A. Digestion of starchExplanation
Cell surface proteins play a crucial role in various cellular functions, including receptor binding, cell signaling, and transport of molecules across the cell membrane. However, digestion of starch is primarily carried out by enzymes such as amylase, which are not located on the cell surface. Therefore, digestion of starch is not a function of cell surface proteins.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The fluid mosiac model explains
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The varied composition of the cytoplasm of the cell
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The high water concentration of the cytoplasm
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The variety of vesicles commonly found in eukaryotic cells
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The variety of molecules found in the cell membrane
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The varied, diverse life found in nature.
Correct Answer
A. The variety of molecules found in the cell membraneExplanation
The fluid mosaic model explains the variety of molecules found in the cell membrane. This model describes the cell membrane as a fluid structure composed of various molecules such as phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. These molecules are arranged in a mosaic pattern, allowing for flexibility and fluidity of the membrane. The model also explains how different molecules can move within the membrane, leading to the diverse functions of the cell membrane, such as selective permeability and cell signaling.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Both plant and animal cells have....
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Chloroplasts
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria
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Mitochondria
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None of these options
Correct Answer
A. MitochondriaExplanation
Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles that are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They are found in both plant and animal cells and play a crucial role in providing energy for various cellular processes. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, are only found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Therefore, the correct answer is mitochondria.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 15, 2014Quiz Created by
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