Ch. 3 Cells And Tissues Quiz #1

Explanation
Energy releasing chemical reactions are occurring continuously and because of these reactions supplying most of the energy it is called the "powerhouse" of the cell.

Explanation
Paired organelles which lie at right angles to one another playing an important role in cell division.

Explanation
Osmosis is the correct answer because it refers to the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeant solute. In osmosis, water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, in an attempt to equalize the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. This process is important for maintaining the balance of water and solutes in cells and is essential for various biological processes.

Explanation
Active transport is the correct answer because it involves the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process requires the use of energy in the form of ATP to transport the substance across the cell membrane. In contrast, passive transport, diffusion, and filtration do not require ATP and involve the movement of substances along their concentration gradients.

Explanation
Pinocytosis is the correct answer because it involves the movement of fluid and dissolved molecules into a cell by trapping them in a section of the plasma membrane that pinches off inside the cell. This process allows the cell to take in extracellular fluid and any substances dissolved in it. Unlike phagocytosis, which involves the ingestion of solid particles, pinocytosis is specifically for the intake of liquids and dissolved molecules. Dialysis is a process used to separate solutes from a solution, and an ion pump is a membrane protein that actively transports ions across the cell membrane.

Explanation
Ion pumps are a type of protein structure in the cell membrane that are responsible for transporting ions across the membrane. They are called "carriers" because they bind to specific ions and transport them across the membrane using energy from ATP. Ion pumps play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ions inside and outside the cell, which is essential for various cellular processes.

Explanation
A solution containing a higher level of salt than the cell would be considered hypertonic. In a hypertonic solution, there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell compared to inside the cell. This causes water to move out of the cell through osmosis, leading to cell shrinkage or dehydration.

Explanation
Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which affects the cell transport process in the intestines. This bacterium produces a toxin that binds to the cells lining the intestine, causing them to release large amounts of water and electrolytes. This leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration. The impaired cell transport process in cholera disrupts the normal balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body, resulting in the disease. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scoliosis, and Cancer are not directly caused by an impaired cell transport process.

Explanation
Cilia are extremely fine, hairlike extensions on the surface of some cells. These structures are responsible for various functions such as moving fluids, facilitating the movement of cells, and sensing the environment. Unlike flagella, which are typically longer and fewer in number, cilia are shorter and more numerous. Granules and lysosomes are not related to the description provided and are not the correct answer.

Explanation
The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins and lipids in the cell. It receives these molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding sugars and other molecules. It then packages them into vesicles and sends them to their final destination within the cell or for secretion outside of the cell. The Golgi Apparatus plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's homeostasis and ensuring proper functioning of various cellular processes.

Explanation
Each cell in the human body has 46 chromosomes in the nucleus. Chromosomes contain DNA, which carries the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of the organism. This number is constant for most cells in the body, except for reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) which have half the number of chromosomes (23) as they combine during fertilization to form a new individual with 46 chromosomes.

Explanation
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis and dialysis are both examples of diffusion, but they have specific characteristics. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, while dialysis is the diffusion of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane. Therefore, the correct answer is diffusion.

Explanation
An ion pump is a type of protein found in cell membranes that uses energy from ATP to move ions across the membrane against their concentration gradient. This process is called active transport. By using ATP as an energy source, the ion pump is able to create a concentration gradient that is different from the equilibrium state, allowing for the movement of ions against their natural flow. This is important for many cellular processes, such as maintaining the electrical potential across the cell membrane and regulating the balance of ions inside and outside of the cell.

Explanation
Ribosomes are the protein factories within a cell. They are responsible for synthesizing proteins by decoding the information contained in the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes can be found in both the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell. They play a crucial role in protein synthesis, which is essential for the functioning and survival of the cell. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct answer for this question.

Explanation
Microvilli are small, fingerlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane of certain cells. They increase the surface area of the cell, allowing for more efficient absorption and secretion. Microvilli are commonly found in cells that are involved in absorption, such as the cells lining the small intestine. They are not to be confused with flagella, which are whip-like structures used for cell movement, or cilia, which are hair-like structures involved in cell movement and the movement of substances across the cell surface. Microtubules, on the other hand, are cylindrical structures that provide support and help with cell division.