Objective 7 - Neurological Disorders

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by gradual memory loss and delusion. It is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the brain and leads to cognitive decline, memory impairment, and behavioral changes. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience confusion, disorientation, difficulty in problem-solving, and personality changes. The hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's is the gradual loss of memory, especially recent memories, which can eventually interfere with daily functioning and independence. Delusions, such as believing that someone is stealing their belongings or that they are being followed, can also occur in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

Depressants are a type of drugs that slow down the function of the nervous system. They work by reducing brain activity and depressing the central nervous system, resulting in relaxation, sedation, and a decrease in physical and mental function. Examples of depressants include alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and opioids. These drugs can have various effects on the body, including reducing anxiety, inducing sleep, and relieving muscle spasms. However, they can also be highly addictive and have dangerous side effects, especially when combined with other substances or taken in excessive amounts.

None of the diseases listed in the options have a known cure. Alzheimer's, ALS, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis are all chronic conditions for which there are treatments available to manage symptoms and slow progression, but no definitive cure has been discovered yet.

The patient's symptoms of weak muscles, muscle spasms, and difficulty moving, which are progressively worsening, are indicative of ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and eventually paralysis. The patient's age and the absence of any history of these symptoms suggest the possibility of ALS.

The symptoms of high energy and restlessness are commonly associated with a person taking stimulant drugs. Stimulants increase the activity of the central nervous system, leading to increased energy levels and restlessness. These drugs can also cause an individual to feel more alert, focused, and agitated. Slowed speech and hallucinations, such as hearing and seeing things, are not typically associated with stimulant drug use. Therefore, the correct symptoms of a person taking stimulant drugs are high energy and restlessness.