How To care Of The Hair And Scalp?

Trichology is the scientific study of hair and its diseases. It involves the examination of the hair and scalp to diagnose and treat various hair-related conditions. Trichologists are experts in identifying hair disorders, such as hair loss, dandruff, and scalp infections, and providing appropriate treatments. They also study the structure and function of hair, including its growth cycle, composition, and characteristics. By understanding trichology, professionals can offer effective solutions for maintaining healthy hair and treating hair-related issues.

The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles are called sebaceous glands. These glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps to moisturize and protect both the hair and the skin. Sebum helps to keep the hair and skin hydrated, while also providing a protective barrier against bacteria and other harmful substances.

Hair elasticity refers to the ability of the hair to stretch and then return to its original length without breaking. This characteristic is important as it determines how well the hair can withstand manipulation and styling without becoming damaged. Hair elasticity is influenced by various factors such as the hair's moisture content, protein levels, and overall health. It is different from hair porosity, density, and texture, which refer to other aspects of the hair's structure and characteristics.

Hair porosity refers to the ability of the hair to absorb moisture. It determines how easily moisture can penetrate the hair shaft. Hair with high porosity absorbs moisture quickly, but also loses it easily, while hair with low porosity has difficulty absorbing moisture. Understanding hair porosity is important for choosing the right hair care products and treatments, as it helps in maintaining the hair's moisture balance and overall health.

Pheomelanin is a pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones. It is responsible for the lighter shades of hair and skin, as opposed to eumelanin, which produces darker colors. Pheomelanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes and is determined by genetic factors. The presence and amount of pheomelanin in hair determine its color, making it the correct answer in this context.

Postpartum alopecia refers to temporary hair loss that occurs in women after giving birth. This condition is caused by hormonal changes in the body, specifically a decrease in estrogen levels. During pregnancy, high levels of estrogen prolong the growth phase of hair, resulting in thicker and fuller hair. However, after childbirth, estrogen levels drop, causing hair to enter the resting phase and eventually fall out. This hair loss is usually temporary and the hair typically regrows within a few months.

The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle is called the arrector pili muscle. This muscle is responsible for causing hair to stand up or "goosebumps" when it contracts. It is attached to the hair follicle on one end and to the dermis on the other end. When it contracts, it pulls on the hair follicle, causing the hair to become more erect. This response is often triggered by cold temperatures or emotional stimuli such as fear or excitement.

Canities is the technical term for gray hair. It refers to the loss of pigment in the hair, resulting in a gray or white color. This is a natural part of the aging process and occurs when the hair follicles stop producing melanin, the pigment that gives hair its color. Canities is a common occurrence as people get older, and it can be influenced by factors such as genetics and stress. Ringed hair, hypertrichosis, and monilethrix are not terms used to describe gray hair.

Alopecia universalis refers to a condition where a person experiences complete hair loss on their entire body, including the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hair. This condition is considered an advanced form of alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease that causes hair loss. Unlike other types of alopecia, such as postpartum alopecia (hair loss after childbirth), canities (graying or whitening of hair), or ringed hair (a condition where the hair appears to have bands of different colors), alopecia universalis results in the total absence of hair.

Keratinization is the process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, move upward, lose their nucleus, and eventually die. During this process, the cells produce the protein keratin, which gives hair its strength and structure. This process is essential for the growth and maintenance of healthy hair. Hydrogen bond, COHNS elements, and side bonds are not directly related to the maturation and death of hair cells, making keratinization the correct answer.

When disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers, the resulting bonds that are formed are called lanthionine bonds. These bonds are created between the sulfur atoms of cysteine residues in the hair protein, forming a new crosslink. Lanthionine bonds are responsible for the straightening effect of hair relaxers, as they alter the natural curl pattern of the hair.

Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin. It is characterized by intense itching and the appearance of small red bumps or blisters. Scabies is usually transmitted through close physical contact with an infected person or by sharing personal items such as clothing or bedding. Treatment typically involves applying medicated creams or lotions to kill the mites and relieve symptoms.

The correct answer is "wave pattern" because hair refers to the shape of the hair strand. The wave pattern refers to the natural curl or wave that hair has, which can range from straight to curly. This characteristic is determined by the shape of the hair follicle and the angle at which the hair grows out of the scalp.

The innermost layer of the hair is called the medulla. It is composed of round cells. The medulla is responsible for providing structural support to the hair strand. It is not always present in every hair strand and can vary in thickness. The medulla also plays a role in determining the overall thickness and strength of the hair.

Melanin is the correct answer because it is the pigment responsible for giving natural color to the hair. It is produced by cells called melanocytes in the cortex of the hair. Melanin comes in two forms: eumelanin, which gives dark brown to black color, and pheomelanin, which gives red to yellow color. The presence and ratio of these two types of melanin determine the hair color. Therefore, melanin is the correct term for the tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair.

Human hair is primarily composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Since hair is made up of a protein called keratin, nitrogen is necessary for its formation. Sulfur is also present in hair, as it forms disulfide bonds between protein molecules, contributing to the strength and structure of the hair strand. Therefore, the correct answer is "nitrogen and sulfur."

The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. These elements are often referred to as the COHNS elements.

Hair density refers to the number of individual hair strands on a specific area of the scalp. It measures how closely packed the hair follicles are on the scalp. This can vary from person to person, and it is an important factor in determining the overall thickness and volume of hair.

Hypertrichosis is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where there is abnormal growth of hair on the body. This condition can result in excessive hair growth in areas where hair is not typically present, such as the face, back, or arms. Hypertrichosis can be either congenital or acquired, and it can occur as a result of various factors including genetics, hormonal imbalances, or certain medications. Trichoptilosis, monilethrix, and fragilitas crinium are all conditions related to the hair, but they do not specifically refer to abnormal hair growth like hypertrichosis does.

Hair is composed primarily of a protein called keratin. Keratin makes up about 90% of the hair structure, providing strength and elasticity. This high protein content is what gives hair its unique characteristics and allows it to grow and withstand daily wear and tear. Therefore, the correct answer is 90%.

Vellus hair, also known as lanugo hair, refers to the short, fine, unpigmented, and downy hair that appears on the body. This type of hair is different from terminal hair, which is thicker, longer, and pigmented. The anagen phase and catagen phase are stages of the hair growth cycle, while vellus hair is a specific type of hair that is present on the body.

The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle is called the catogen phase. During this phase, the hair follicle shrinks and detaches from the blood supply, preparing for the resting phase (telogen phase) where the hair stops growing. The catogen phase is an important part of the hair growth cycle and helps regulate the overall hair growth process. Alopecia and alopecia areata are conditions related to hair loss, but they are not specifically related to the transition phase of the hair follicle.

The small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb is called the dermal papilla. This structure plays a crucial role in hair growth and development by supplying nutrients and oxygen to the hair follicle. It also contains specialized cells that produce and regulate hair pigmentation. The dermal papilla is essential for the proper functioning and health of the hair follicle.

The spiral shape of a coiled protein is called a helix. A helix is a three-dimensional structure formed by a polypeptide chain, where the chain twists around itself in a spiral manner. This structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the amino acid residues within the chain. The helix shape is important for the stability and functionality of proteins, as it allows them to interact with other molecules and perform their specific functions in the body.

A disulfide bond is a strong, chemical side bond that is different from the physical side bonds of hydrogen bonds or salt bonds. This type of bond is formed between two sulfur atoms in a protein, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond. Disulfide bonds play a crucial role in stabilizing the structure of proteins and can contribute to their overall function and stability.

Eumelanin is a pigment that provides a natural dark brown to black color to the hair. It is responsible for determining the color of our hair, skin, and eyes. The more eumelanin present, the darker the hair color will be. Pheomelanin, on the other hand, is responsible for lighter hair colors such as blonde and red. Wave pattern refers to the natural pattern or texture of the hair, while vellus hair refers to the fine, short, and colorless hair that covers most of our body.

The anagen phase is the active growth phase of hair follicles, during which new hair is produced. This phase is characterized by rapid cell division and hair growth. It is the longest phase of the hair growth cycle and can last for several years. During the anagen phase, the hair shaft is firmly anchored in the hair follicle and receives nourishment from the blood vessels in the scalp. This is why the anagen phase is responsible for the length and thickness of the hair.

The portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis is called the hair shaft. It is the visible part of the hair that we can see on our scalp or body. The hair shaft is made up of dead cells that have been pushed up through the hair follicle and hardened. It is responsible for giving hair its length, color, and texture. The hair shaft can vary in thickness and shape depending on factors such as genetics and hair care practices.

Hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction is called a hair stream. This refers to the natural pattern in which hair grows, with the follicles aligning in a specific direction. This can be observed when the hair is wet or when it is styled in a way that reveals the underlying hair stream. It is important to consider the hair stream when cutting or styling hair to ensure that the desired look is achieved.

The middle layer of the hair is called the cortex. The cortex is responsible for giving the hair its strength, elasticity, and color. It contains melanin, which determines the hair's pigmentation. The cortex also contains proteins called keratin, which provide structure and support to the hair. The medulla, on the other hand, is the innermost layer of the hair and is not always present in all hair types. Amino acids and proteins are important components of the hair, but they are not specifically associated with the middle layer.

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a polypeptide chain. This chain forms the backbone of a protein molecule and determines its structure and function. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains, folded into specific shapes to carry out various biological processes. Side bonds and helix are not accurate terms to describe a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Pediculosis capitis is the correct answer because it refers to the infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice. Scabies is a different condition caused by mites, while furuncle and carbuncle are both skin infections that occur when hair follicles become infected.

Minoxidil is a topical medication that is applied to the scalp twice a day and has been clinically proven to stimulate hair growth. It is commonly used to treat hair loss and promote regrowth in both men and women. Minoxidil works by increasing blood flow to the hair follicles, which can help to revive dormant follicles and promote the growth of thicker, fuller hair.

A hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head is called a whorl. This term is used to describe the way hair grows in a circular or spiral pattern, creating a distinct pattern on the scalp. A whorl is different from a cowlick, which refers to a section of hair that grows in a different direction from the rest. Hair stream refers to the direction in which hair naturally falls or flows, while dry hair simply refers to hair that lacks moisture.

Terminal hair refers to the long, coarse, and pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of both males and females. This type of hair is different from vellus hair, which is short, fine, and unpigmented. The anagen phase refers to the active growth phase of hair, while the telogen phase is the resting phase. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is terminal hair.

The lowest part of a hair strand is called the hair bulb. This is where the hair follicle originates and where the hair growth begins. The hair bulb is located at the base of the hair follicle and contains the dermal papilla, which supplies nutrients to the growing hair. It also contains cells that produce the hair shaft and determine its color and texture. The hair bulb plays a crucial role in the overall health and growth of the hair.

The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is called the hair follicle. This is where the hair growth begins, as the hair follicle nourishes and supports the hair root, allowing it to grow. The hair follicle also plays a role in determining the texture and thickness of the hair.

The technical term for ringworm is called tinea.

The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as hair texture. Hair texture can be categorized as fine, medium, or coarse, depending on the width of the hair strand. It is an important factor in determining the overall appearance and manageability of the hair. Different hair textures require different types of care and styling techniques to maintain their health and style.

The outermost layer of the hair is called the hair cuticle. It is a protective layer made up of overlapping scales that help to shield the inner layers of the hair shaft. The cuticle plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and strength of the hair by preventing damage and moisture loss. It also gives the hair its characteristic smooth and shiny appearance.

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis is called the hair root. This is the part of the hair that is anchored in the hair follicle and is responsible for nourishing and supporting the hair shaft. The hair root also contains the hair bulb, which is the living part of the hair that produces new cells and contributes to hair growth. The hair shaft, on the other hand, refers to the visible part of the hair that extends beyond the surface of the skin.

A carbuncle is an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. It is a painful cluster of boils that usually occurs on the back of the neck, shoulders, or thighs. The infection spreads deeper into the skin and can cause fever, fatigue, and general discomfort. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and in some cases, surgical drainage.

The telogen phase, also known as the resting phase, is the final phase in the hair cycle. During this phase, the fully grown hair remains in the follicle but is not actively growing. This phase can last for several weeks to several months before the hair eventually falls out and a new hair begins to grow in its place. Therefore, the correct answer is telogen phase.

The correct answer for the technical term for split ends is trichoptilosis.

Peptide bonds are the chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form proteins. They are formed through a condensation reaction, where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond and the release of a water molecule. Peptide bonds play a crucial role in the structure and function of proteins, as they determine the sequence of amino acids and contribute to the overall shape and stability of the protein molecule.

Trichorrhexis nodosa is the correct answer because it is the technical term for knotted hair. Trichorrhexis nodosa refers to a condition where the hair shaft becomes weak and prone to breakage, resulting in the formation of knots or nodules along the hair strand. This condition can be caused by various factors such as excessive heat styling, chemical damage, or certain medical conditions.

Tinea favosa, also known as tinea capitis, is a fungal infection of the scalp. It is characterized by the presence of dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp called scutula. These crusts can cause hair loss and can be accompanied by itching and inflammation. Tinea favosa is caused by a fungus called Trichophyton schoenleinii and is typically treated with antifungal medications. Scabies, on the other hand, is a contagious skin infestation caused by mites and is not related to tinea favosa.

Hydrogen bonds are weak, physical, cross-link side bonds that can be easily broken by water or heat. They form between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as protein folding and DNA structure. Unlike stronger covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds are easily disrupted, allowing for flexibility and dynamic interactions in molecules. Therefore, hydrogen bonds are the correct answer in this context.

Androgenetic alopecia, also known as androgeneic alopecia, is a type of hair loss characterized by the miniaturization of terminal hair, which is then converted into vellus hair. This condition is commonly referred to as androgeneic alopecia.

Finasteride is a medication used to treat male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It works by decreasing the levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that causes hair loss and prostate enlargement in men. Therefore, it is specifically prescribed for men only and is not suitable for use by women. Minoxidil, on the other hand, is a topical medication used to stimulate hair growth in both men and women. Canities refers to the graying of hair, and ringer hair is not a recognized term in relation to prescription medications.