Chapter 2 Molecules Of Life - Water, Minerals And Carbohydrates

Fats are stored in adipose tissues in mammals' bodies. Adipose tissues are specialized connective tissues that store excess energy in the form of fat. These tissues are found throughout the body, particularly in areas such as the abdomen, thighs, and buttocks. When the body requires energy, it can break down the stored fats in adipose tissues to provide fuel. This storage mechanism helps mammals regulate their energy balance and maintain insulation and protection for vital organs.

Glucose, galactose --> monosaccharide;
Glycogen --> polysaccharide

Maltose = glucose + glucose;
Lactose = glucose + galactose;
Sucrose = table sugar = glucose + fructose

Phospholipids = glycerol + fatty acids + phosphate group

Anaerobic respiration does not involve oxygen.

Monosaccharides (carbohydrates), DNA (nucleic acids) and amino acids contain carbon atoms and are complex.
Although carbon monoxide contains carbon atom, it is too simple and should be regarded as inorganic.

Glycerol 甘油 + 3 fatty acids --> fats;
Starch: the storage form of carbohydrates in plants, not animals;
Glucose is NOT stored (it will be turned into glycogen for storage in animals)

maltose is disaccharide --> water soluble;
glycogen, starch and cellulose are polysaccharides --> insoluble in water

heart attack is not a function;
making enzymes is a function of proteins;
as a solvent is a function of water

Magnesium --> for chlorophyll;
Iron --> for haemoglobin in red blood cells;
Calcium --> for bones and teeth
Nitrate --> for forming proteins and nucleic acids