Unit 3 Target 4: Organic Vs Inorganic Quiz

The chemical formula that represents an organic molecule is C6H12O6. Organic molecules are composed primarily of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), with the occasional inclusion of oxygen (O). C6H12O6 is the formula for glucose, which is a common organic molecule found in living organisms.

Steroids are not examples of carbohydrates because they are a class of organic compounds that have a different chemical structure than carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, while steroids are composed of four interconnected carbon rings. Glucose, cellulose, and glycogen are all examples of carbohydrates because they consist of sugar molecules and are used as a source of energy in living organisms.

A monosaccharide is a type of carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a general formula of (CH2O)n. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. They are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates, such as disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are an important source of energy for living organisms and are commonly found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. They also play a crucial role in cellular processes and are involved in the structure of nucleic acids and other biomolecules.

Nucleotides are the monomers found in nucleic acids. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are made up of long chains of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil). These nucleotides join together through a process called polymerization to form the backbone of nucleic acids. Therefore, nucleotides are the building blocks or monomers of nucleic acids.

The main difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds contain carbon. Carbon is the key element that distinguishes organic compounds from inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are typically found in living organisms and play a vital role in biological processes, such as providing energy for cells and serving as the building blocks of cells. In contrast, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and are often minerals or non-living substances.

Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are connected together through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. Each amino acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain. These side chains determine the properties and functions of the protein. Monosaccharides are simple sugars, fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids, and nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, not proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acids.

The molecule shown in the illustration is a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be broken down into smaller sugars. They are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates like polysaccharides and are characterized by having a single sugar unit. In the illustration, the molecule appears to have a ring structure, which is a common characteristic of monosaccharides like glucose and fructose. Therefore, the correct answer is monosaccharide.

Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together through peptide bonds to form long chains. These chains then fold into complex three-dimensional structures, which determine the protein's function. Carbohydrates, fatty acids, and nucleic acids are not polymers made of amino acids.

This statement is false because nucleic acids are not made of amino acids. Nucleic acids are actually polymers made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Amino acids, on the other hand, are the building blocks of proteins.

Proteins are macromolecules that perform a wide range of functions in the body. They are involved in speeding up chemical reactions in cells, building tissues like bone, muscle, and blood, and transporting substances. However, proteins do not store and transmit genetic information. Genetic information is stored in DNA and transmitted through the process of replication and transcription. Proteins play a role in gene expression and regulation, but they themselves do not store or transmit genetic information.

Animals store glucose in the form of glycogen. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as the main storage form of glucose in animals. It is primarily stored in the liver and muscles. When the body needs energy, glycogen is broken down into glucose and released into the bloodstream. This process helps to maintain blood sugar levels and provide a readily available source of energy for the body's cells. Unlike wax, lipids, and cellulose, glycogen is specifically designed for energy storage in animals.

Lipids are the best molecule for long-term energy storage in a cell. Lipids, such as fats and oils, contain more than twice the amount of energy per gram compared to proteins, polysaccharides, and monosaccharides. Additionally, lipids are insoluble in water, which allows them to be stored in a compact and concentrated form without affecting the osmotic balance of the cell. This makes lipids an efficient and ideal choice for long-term energy storage in cells.

Starch is not a lipid because it is a complex carbohydrate, composed of long chains of glucose molecules. Lipids, on the other hand, are a diverse group of molecules that include fats, oils, and waxes. Cholesterol and saturated fats are examples of lipids, while earwax is a type of lipid-rich secretion.

Protein is the correct answer because it is not a monomer. A monomer is a small molecule that can join together with other monomers to form a polymer. Nucleotide, amino acid, and monosaccharide are all examples of monomers. Nucleotides join together to form nucleic acids, amino acids join together to form proteins, and monosaccharides join together to form carbohydrates. However, proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids and are considered polymers, not monomers.

The illustration above shows a molecule that is found in lipids. Lipids are a class of biological molecules that include fats, oils, and waxes. They are characterized by their hydrophobic nature, meaning they are insoluble in water. The molecule in the illustration has a long hydrocarbon chain, which is a characteristic feature of lipids. Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins have different molecular structures and are not represented in the illustration.

Glucose is a monosaccharide, not a polysaccharide. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of multiple monosaccharide units bonded together, while glucose is a simple sugar and a monosaccharide itself.

Organic molecules are diverse because they have carbon skeletons that can vary greatly in arrangement. Carbon atoms can form bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements, allowing for a wide range of possible structures. This diversity in arrangement leads to the formation of different organic compounds with unique properties and functions.

Based on the given illustration, the molecule shown contains a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base. These three components are characteristic of a nucleotide, which is the building block of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Therefore, the correct answer is nucleotide.

DNA is not a polymer made of amino acids. It is a polymer made of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (G, C, A, or T). Amino acids, on the other hand, are the building blocks of proteins.

The illustration shows a molecule with a complex structure, which is characteristic of proteins. Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids and are essential for various biological functions. They have a wide range of structures and functions, including enzymes, antibodies, and structural components. Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids have different molecular structures and are not represented in the illustration. Hence, the correct answer is proteins.

Proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules that contain nitrogen as an essential component, which is required for the formation of amino acids and nucleotides, respectively. Carbohydrates and lipids, on the other hand, do not contain nitrogen in their structure. Therefore, nitrogen is the element that can be expected to be found in proteins and nucleic acids but not in carbohydrates or lipids.