Anatomy: Organic & Inorganic Compounds Quiz

Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon because inorganic compounds are typically composed of elements other than carbon, such as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. Carbon is the key element in organic compounds, which are compounds that contain carbon and are typically associated with living organisms. Therefore, the absence of carbon is a defining characteristic of inorganic compounds.

Inorganic compounds contain water because water is considered an inorganic compound. Inorganic compounds are typically characterized by the absence of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, and water (H2O) fits this definition. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, and it does not contain any carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Cytosine forms a base pair with guanine in DNA and RNA. This is due to the complementary base pairing rule in which cytosine always pairs with guanine. The hydrogen bonding between cytosine and guanine allows them to form a stable base pair, contributing to the overall structure and stability of the DNA or RNA molecule. Therefore, guanine is the correct answer.

Organic compounds contain carbon. Carbon is the key element in organic chemistry as it has the unique ability to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and a wide variety of other elements. This allows carbon to form the complex and diverse structures found in organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Without carbon, these compounds would not exist, making carbon the defining characteristic of organic chemistry.

Inorganic compounds contain bases. Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate pairs of electrons. They typically have a pH greater than 7 and can react with acids to form salts and water. Examples of inorganic bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). These compounds do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living sources.

The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. In an atom, the number of protons determines the atomic number and identifies the element. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, creating a balance of positive and negative charges.

Adenine goes with thymine in DNA. Adenine and thymine are complementary base pairs, meaning they always pair together in the double helix structure of DNA. This is due to hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases. Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine, creating a stable base pair.

An acid is a substance that donates protons, meaning it releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. This is why acids are often referred to as proton donors. The ability to donate protons is a characteristic property of acids and is responsible for their sour taste and ability to react with bases. Acids can also accept protons, but this is not their primary function.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. In this type of bond, atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to fill their outermost energy levels and become more stable. Therefore, the correct answer is "share".

Inorganic compounds contain salt because salt is a type of inorganic compound. Inorganic compounds are substances that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter. Salt, which is composed of sodium and chloride ions, is a prime example of an inorganic compound. It is formed through the combination of a metal (sodium) and a non-metal (chlorine) element, making it an inorganic substance.

Lipids are a type of organic compound that are characterized by their insolubility in water and solubility in organic solvents. They include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Lipids are an essential component of living organisms and play important roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.

Inorganic compounds can contain acids. Acids are a type of inorganic compound that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Inorganic compounds can also include other substances such as salts, metals, and nonmetals.

Acid has more hydrogen ions.

There are 20 amino acids. This is a well-known fact in biochemistry. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and there are 20 different types of amino acids that are commonly found in proteins. Each amino acid has a unique chemical structure and plays a specific role in protein synthesis and function. This knowledge is fundamental in understanding the structure and function of proteins in biological systems.

Keratin is a type of protein. Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids, and they play a crucial role in the structure and function of cells. Keratin is a fibrous protein that is found in the outer layer of the skin, hair, nails, and other structures in the body. It provides strength, structure, and protection to these tissues.

Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release large amounts of heat energy without undergoing significant temperature changes. This property is important for regulating the Earth's climate and maintaining stable temperature conditions in aquatic environments. Additionally, water's ability to absorb heat is utilized in various industrial processes and thermal management systems.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are large, complex molecules that play critical roles in the structure and function of cells. They are involved in various biological processes such as enzyme catalysis, cell signaling, and transportation of molecules. Amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form long chains, which then fold into specific three-dimensional structures to create proteins. Therefore, it can be concluded that amino acids make up proteins.

Another name for a base is alkaline. The term "alkaline" is used to describe substances that have a pH greater than 7 and can neutralize acids. Bases are characterized by their ability to accept protons or donate electrons, and they are commonly found in household products such as baking soda and antacids. The capitalization of the word does not change its meaning; "alkaline" and "Alkaline" both refer to the same concept.

Milk is considered an acid because it contains lactic acid. Lactic acid is a byproduct of the fermentation process carried out by bacteria in milk. This acid gives milk its slightly sour taste and lowers its pH level, making it acidic.

Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. These nucleotides join together through phosphodiester bonds to form long chains, which make up the structure of nucleic acids. Therefore, nucleotides are the fundamental units that make up nucleic acids.

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons. In an ionic bond, one atom loses electrons (forming a positive ion) while another atom gains those electrons (forming a negative ion). This transfer of electrons creates a strong electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions, resulting in the formation of an ionic bond.

Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Proteins are a type of organic compound that are made up of amino acids and are essential for various biological processes in living organisms.

The bond that holds the two DNA strands together is a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are weak forces of attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom (in this case, nitrogen or oxygen) and another electronegative atom. In DNA, hydrogen bonds form between the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) (2 bonds), as well as between guanine (G) and cytosine (C)  (3 bonds). These hydrogen bonds help stabilize the DNA double helix structure and allow for the separation of the two strands during DNA replication and transcription.

The correct answer is 0-6 because the pH scale is a measurement of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH value of 0-6 indicates that the solution is acidic, with 0 being the most acidic and 6 being slightly acidic.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They do so by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, allowing it to happen more quickly. Enzymes are specific in their function, as each enzyme is designed to catalyze a specific reaction. They are essential for various biological processes, such as digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication. Without enzymes, these reactions would occur too slowly to sustain life. Therefore, enzymes play a crucial role in maintaining the biochemical processes necessary for life.

The term that means "base-pairing" is "complementary". In base-pairing, two nucleotide bases (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine) are paired together in a DNA molecule. These base pairs are complementary to each other, meaning they fit together perfectly and form the double helix structure of DNA.

Water is vital in regulating the human body's internal temperature through its role in sweating, heat absorption, and blood circulation. Its high heat capacity allows it to absorb excess heat, and through sweating, it facilitates heat loss via evaporation. Additionally, water maintains blood volume for efficient heat distribution and aids in cooling through respiration.

The answer 1:2:1 represents the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in carbohydrates. This means that for every carbon atom, there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom present in carbohydrates. This ratio is a fundamental characteristic of carbohydrates and is essential for their structure and function in living organisms.

Organic compounds contain nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are large complex molecules that store and transmit genetic information in living organisms. They are composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are essential for the synthesis of proteins and the replication of genetic material.

Bases have more hydroxyl ions because they are substances that can accept protons or donate pairs of electrons. Hydroxyl ions (OH-) are formed when a base dissolves in water, and they are responsible for the basic properties of the substance. Therefore, bases have a higher concentration of hydroxyl ions compared to other ions.

Glycerol is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly found in plants. It is derived from plant-based sources such as vegetable oils and fats. These plant sources undergo a process called hydrolysis, which breaks down the fats into their individual components, including glycerol. Therefore, it can be concluded that glycerol comes from plants.

When an acid and a base react with each other, they undergo a neutralization reaction. In this reaction, the acid donates a proton (H+) to the base, forming water and a salt. Water is formed by the combination of H+ from the acid and OH- from the base, while the remaining ions from the acid and base combine to form a salt. Therefore, the correct answer is water; salt, salt; water.

Lipids are molecules that serve as a long-term storage of energy in the body. They contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins, making them an efficient form of energy storage. Additionally, lipids offer insulation, helping to maintain body temperature by providing a layer of protection and reducing heat loss.

Thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine are nitrogen bases. Nitrogen bases are the building blocks of DNA and RNA molecules. They form pairs with each other, with adenine always pairing with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA), and guanine always pairing with cytosine. These nitrogen bases are essential for the genetic code and play a crucial role in the replication and transcription of genetic information.

Buffers are chemicals that help maintain the pH balance in body fluids by resisting changes in acidity or alkalinity. Acids and bases are two types of substances that can alter the pH level. Therefore, the correct answer is "buffers; acids; bases" because buffers help keep the balance between acids and bases in body fluids.

The correct answer is base; sugar; phosphate. This is because the structure of a DNA strand consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine) attached to a sugar molecule (deoxyribose) which is then connected to a phosphate group. This sequence repeats to form the DNA strand.