Neurological Disorders (Patho)

36 Questions | By Aparish | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 554

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1.

During fetal development, the neural tube forms from ________ at ~18 days of gestation. Starts as open-ended structure, closes ~28 days gestation, brain starts to develop.
2.

Rapid, intermittent contraction of a muscle in response to a sudden stretch which occurs in UMN lesions is:
- A.
  
  Hydrocephalus
- B.
  
  Neurapraxia
- C.
  
  Clonus
- D.
  
  Axonotmesis
3.

Which of the following is true about CSF?
- A.
  
  Protects the brain & spinal cord (shock absorption)
- B.
  
  Brings hormones to the nervous system
- C.
  
  When drainage of CSF is compromised, ventricles expand= Decreased pressure on brain
- D.
  
  Recycled through absorption into the venous system (total amt CSF is renewed several times a day)
4.

When drainage of CSF is compromised, the ventricles expand= increased pressure on the brain (Hydrocephalus). Pressure is reduced via a ______ which drains into the abdominal cavity.
5.

Cerebrum/cerebral cortex- each area of cerebral cortex is associated with a different function. (Ex: Language, perception, movement etc.)
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
6.

The Vestibular system is responsible for which of the following?
- A.
  
  Position of body in relation to gravity
- B.
  
  Associated with emotions & long term memory
- C.
  
  Position of eyes in relation to the environment
- D.
  
  Keeps body in a stable position
7.

The Limbic system is associated with emotions and long term memory.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
8.

Damage to peripheral nerves may be reversible or irreversible.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
9.

Temporary damage to a nerve, caused by pressure without structural changes, and may cause temporary paralysis is called:
- A.
  
  Neurotmesis
- B.
  
  Axonotmesis
- C.
  
  Radiculopathy
- D.
  
  Neurapraxia
10.

Degeneration of neuronal axon (which may or may not grow back)/ Neural sheath remains in tact and temporary or permanent damage may occur describes:
- A.
  
  Axonotmesis
- B.
  
  Neurotmesis
- C.
  
  Neurapraxia
- D.
  
  Radiculopathy
11.

Damage to the axon and neural sheath resulting in permanent paralysis is:
- A.
  
  Axonotmesis
- B.
  
  Neurotmesis
- C.
  
  Neurapraxia
- D.
  
  Brodmann's area
12.

When compression of the nerve occurs where the nerve root exits the intervertebral foramen is:
- A.
  
  Neurapraxia
- B.
  
  Axonotmesis
- C.
  
  Neurotmesis
- D.
  
  Radiculopathy
13.

Chiari malformations is a defect of the cerebellum which causes blockage of CSF flow, and _______ protrudes into spinal canal through the foramen magnum and causes pressure on the spinal cord.
14.

Treatment for Arnold-Chiari malformation is surgical decompression, and PT treatment may be involved with balance & coordination disorders associated with the cerebellum.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
15.

Signs/symptoms of Autism Spectrum disorder include poor eye contact, short attention span, delayed speech, sensitivity to light, touch and sound, slapping, banging head etc., and unable to interpret facial expressions/body language.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
16.

When working with a patient with dementia, simple commands, firm but calm voice, mobility & strengthening and balance activities are appropriate indications.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
17.

Which of the following is true about patients with Alzheimer's disease?
- A.
  
  They forget both recent and distant events
- B.
  
  Loss of ability to learn new things
- C.
  
  Personality changes (may become aggressive)
- D.
  
  Death usually in 7-8 years after diagnosis
- E.
  
  Seven stages/ No cure
18.

Which of the following is true about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
- A.
  
  Progressive, degenerative disease that affects UMN & LMN
- B.
  
  Lateral aspect of motor neurons in spinal cord & brain
- C.
  
  Sensory system remains in tact
- D.
  
  Affects women more than men ( age 40-60)
- E.
  
  High concentration of glutamate in CSF destroys neurons
19.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease have large numbers of tangles of __________. Plaques & amyloid (protein) tissue accumulate and prevents normal transmission of nerve impulses.
20.

Treatments of seizures may include _________ medications, vagus nerve stimulation, brain surgery (remove area of brain responsible for local seizures) or hemispherectomy, ketogenic diet (high fat, no sugars).
21.

An autoimmune disorder (triggered by previous infection such as the flue or traumatic event) in which the immune system attacks the neural tissue, which breaks down the myelin sheath & axons of the peripheral nerves is:
- A.
  
  Epilepsy
- B.
  
  Ischemic CVA
- C.
  
  Guillain Barre Syndrome
- D.
  
  Petit Mal
22.

Which of the following are signs/symptoms of Guillain Barre Syndrome/ Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy?
- A.
  
  Weakness usually bilateral / Weakest ~3 weeks after onset
- B.
  
  Tingling in skin (starts in LEs)
- C.
  
  Prominent DTR deep tendon reflexes
- D.
  
  CSF with abnormally high levels of protein
23.

Which of the following is true regarding Neuropathy/Polyneuropathy
- A.
  
  Decreased sensation/pain/weakness
- B.
  
  May be debilitating or lead to skin breakdown
- C.
  
  Pt tx= orthotics/ wound care/ ther-ex, etc
- D.
  
  Usually greater in UEs
24.

Long version of _______=makes long huntington protein, long protein breaks into segments that coagulate & build up in the neurons of the brain. Normal huntington protein is though to protect neurons of brain from self destruction.
25.

Which of the following are true about Huntington's disease?
- A.
  
  Start in 30s & 40s and progresses slowly
- B.
  
  Progressive hereditary (autosomal dom.) degenerative
- C.
  
  Movement disorders/ Hallucinations/ Sleep & behavior changes
- D.
  
  Slurred speech/ dementia/ seizures etc
- E.
  
  Death ~70 years of age