Neurological Disorders (Patho)
- 1.During fetal development, the neural tube forms from ________ at ~18 days of gestation. Starts as open-ended structure, closes ~28 days gestation, brain starts to develop.
- 2.Rapid, intermittent contraction of a muscle in response to a sudden stretch which occurs in UMN lesions is:
- A.
Hydrocephalus
- B.
Neurapraxia
- C.
Clonus
- D.
Axonotmesis
- 3.Which of the following is true about CSF?
- A.
Protects the brain & spinal cord (shock absorption)
- B.
Brings hormones to the nervous system
- C.
When drainage of CSF is compromised, ventricles expand= Decreased pressure on brain
- D.
Recycled through absorption into the venous system (total amt CSF is renewed several times a day)
- 4.When drainage of CSF is compromised, the ventricles expand= increased pressure on the brain (Hydrocephalus). Pressure is reduced via a ______ which drains into the abdominal cavity.
- 5.Cerebrum/cerebral cortex- each area of cerebral cortex is associated with a different function. (Ex: Language, perception, movement etc.)
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.The Vestibular system is responsible for which of the following?
- A.
Position of body in relation to gravity
- B.
Associated with emotions & long term memory
- C.
Position of eyes in relation to the environment
- D.
Keeps body in a stable position
- 7.The Limbic system is associated with emotions and long term memory.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 8.Damage to peripheral nerves may be reversible or irreversible.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 9.Temporary damage to a nerve, caused by pressure without structural changes, and may cause temporary paralysis is called:
- A.
Neurotmesis
- B.
Axonotmesis
- C.
Radiculopathy
- D.
Neurapraxia
- 10.Degeneration of neuronal axon (which may or may not grow back)/ Neural sheath remains in tact and temporary or permanent damage may occur describes:
- A.
Axonotmesis
- B.
Neurotmesis
- C.
Neurapraxia
- D.
Radiculopathy
- 11.Damage to the axon and neural sheath resulting in permanent paralysis is:
- A.
Axonotmesis
- B.
Neurotmesis
- C.
Neurapraxia
- D.
Brodmann's area
- 12.When compression of the nerve occurs where the nerve root exits the intervertebral foramen is:
- A.
Neurapraxia
- B.
Axonotmesis
- C.
Neurotmesis
- D.
Radiculopathy
- 13.Chiari malformations is a defect of the cerebellum which causes blockage of CSF flow, and _______ protrudes into spinal canal through the foramen magnum and causes pressure on the spinal cord.
- 14.Treatment for Arnold-Chiari malformation is surgical decompression, and PT treatment may be involved with balance & coordination disorders associated with the cerebellum.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 15.Signs/symptoms of Autism Spectrum disorder include poor eye contact, short attention span, delayed speech, sensitivity to light, touch and sound, slapping, banging head etc., and unable to interpret facial expressions/body language.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 16.When working with a patient with dementia, simple commands, firm but calm voice, mobility & strengthening and balance activities are appropriate indications.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 17.Which of the following is true about patients with Alzheimer's disease?
- A.
They forget both recent and distant events
- B.
Loss of ability to learn new things
- C.
Personality changes (may become aggressive)
- D.
Death usually in 7-8 years after diagnosis
- E.
Seven stages/ No cure
- 18.Which of the following is true about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
- A.
Progressive, degenerative disease that affects UMN & LMN
- B.
Lateral aspect of motor neurons in spinal cord & brain
- C.
Sensory system remains in tact
- D.
Affects women more than men ( age 40-60)
- E.
High concentration of glutamate in CSF destroys neurons
- 19.Patients with Alzheimer's disease have large numbers of tangles of __________. Plaques & amyloid (protein) tissue accumulate and prevents normal transmission of nerve impulses.
- 20.Treatments of seizures may include _________ medications, vagus nerve stimulation, brain surgery (remove area of brain responsible for local seizures) or hemispherectomy, ketogenic diet (high fat, no sugars).
- 21.An autoimmune disorder (triggered by previous infection such as the flue or traumatic event) in which the immune system attacks the neural tissue, which breaks down the myelin sheath & axons of the peripheral nerves is:
- A.
Epilepsy
- B.
Ischemic CVA
- C.
Guillain Barre Syndrome
- D.
Petit Mal
- 22.Which of the following are signs/symptoms of Guillain Barre Syndrome/ Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy?
- A.
Weakness usually bilateral / Weakest ~3 weeks after onset
- B.
Tingling in skin (starts in LEs)
- C.
Prominent DTR deep tendon reflexes
- D.
CSF with abnormally high levels of protein
- 23.Which of the following is true regarding Neuropathy/Polyneuropathy
- A.
Decreased sensation/pain/weakness
- B.
May be debilitating or lead to skin breakdown
- C.
Pt tx= orthotics/ wound care/ ther-ex, etc
- D.
Usually greater in UEs
- 24.Long version of _______=makes long huntington protein, long protein breaks into segments that coagulate & build up in the neurons of the brain. Normal huntington protein is though to protect neurons of brain from self destruction.
- 25.Which of the following are true about Huntington's disease?
- A.
Start in 30s & 40s and progresses slowly
- B.
Progressive hereditary (autosomal dom.) degenerative
- C.
Movement disorders/ Hallucinations/ Sleep & behavior changes
- D.
Slurred speech/ dementia/ seizures etc
- E.
Death ~70 years of age
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