Nursing Legal-ethical Concepts

The given correct answer is "independent functions". This is because the statement mentions that these patient care services require no order, implying that they can be performed autonomously without the need for supervision or direction from a healthcare professional. Therefore, these functions can be considered independent and do not rely on other functions or individuals to be carried out effectively.

The given statement describes the various patient care services that can be provided, such as administering medications and therapeutic agents. These services are necessary to implement a treatment, disease prevention, or rehabilitation regimen. The term "dependent functions" refers to the fact that these services are dependent on the orders and scope of licensure of healthcare professionals like physicians, dentists, podiatrists, and clinical psychologists. Therefore, the correct answer is "dependent functions."

The given statement describes the process of observing and evaluating various aspects of a person's health, such as symptoms, reactions to treatment, behavior, and physical condition. Based on these observations, appropriate actions are taken, such as reporting abnormalities, referring the individual for further evaluation, following standardized procedures, or initiating emergency procedures. These functions are interdependent because they rely on each other to ensure proper care and response to the individual's health needs.

The given activities - skin tests, immunization techniques, and the withdrawal of blood from veins and arteries - are all dependent on each other. The performance of skin tests and immunization techniques requires the withdrawal of blood from veins and arteries for analysis and administration of vaccines. Similarly, the withdrawal of blood from veins and arteries may be necessary for conducting skin tests or administering certain immunizations. Therefore, these functions rely on each other and are interdependent.

The informed consent should be signed by someone who is capable of understanding the risks involved in the situation. Additionally, someone who is 18 years or older can also sign the informed consent. In cases where the person does not understand the risks, but has an interpreter, they can also sign the informed consent.

In an emergency situation, obtaining informed consent may not be possible or practical due to the urgency of the situation. In such cases, medical professionals may need to make immediate decisions to save a patient's life or prevent further harm, without waiting for consent. Similarly, if a patient is unable or unwilling to hear the information about the procedure or treatment, informed consent cannot be obtained. Additionally, in some cases, a court order may override the need for informed consent, such as when a patient lacks the mental capacity to make decisions for themselves.