Nurs 212a - pHarm (pH) - Chapters 1, 3, 4 (Intro, Toxicity, Management)
Focus on Nursing Pharmacology Fourth Edition by Amy M. Karch, RN, MS.
Published by Lippincott Williams& Wilkins
ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-9047-5
ISBN-10: 0-7817-9047-6
- 1.
Which of the following is the definition of pharmacology?
- A.
Chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort of change
- B.
The process of altering DNA
- C.
The study of the biological effects of chemicals
- D.
How drugs are used to treat, provent, an diagnose disease
- E.
Effects that are therapeutic, or helpful, with potential for other effects that are undesirable or potentially dangerous
Correct Answer
C. The study of the biological effects of chemicalsExplanation
DRUGS are chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort of change. PHARMACOLOGY is the study of the biological effects of chemicals. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS, or clinical pharmacology, is the branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnsoe disease. Some drug effects are therapeutic, or helpful, but otherse are undesirable or potentially dangerous, this is called ADVERSE EFFECTS. GENETIC ENGINEERING is the process of altering DNA.Rate this question:
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- 2.
In this phase, checmicas that may have therapeutic values are tested on laboratory animals for two main purposes: 1) to dermine whether they have the presumed effects in living tissue, and 2) to evaluate any adverse effects, such as teratogenicity.
- A.
Preclinical trial
- B.
Phase I studies
- C.
Phase II studies
- D.
Phase III studies
- E.
Phase IV studies
Correct Answer
A. Preclinical trialExplanation
Preclinical studies may be discarded for the following reasons: the chemical lacks therapeutic activity when used with living animals; the checmical is too toxic to living animals to be worth the risk of developing into drugs; the chemical is hightly teratogenic (causing adverse effects to the fetus); The safety margins are eso small that the chimcal would not be useful in the clinical settings (p. 8).Rate this question:
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- 3.
This phase uses human volunteers to test the drugs. These studies are tightly controlled, volunteers are fully informed, and volunteers are usually healthy, young men.
- A.
Preclinical trials
- B.
Phase I studies
- C.
Phase II studies
- D.
Phase III studies
- E.
Phase IV studies
Correct Answer
B. Phase I studiesExplanation
Phase I drugs may be rejected for the following reasons: they lack theraptuic effect in humans; they cause unacceptable adverse effects; they are highly teratogenic; they are too toxic (p. 8)Rate this question:
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- 4.
In this phase, the drug is tried on patients who have the diease that the drug is meant to treat, patients are fully informed, and patients are very closely monitored by representatives of the pharmaceutical company studying the drugs.
- A.
Preclinical trials
- B.
Phase I studies
- C.
Phase II studies
- D.
Phase III studies
- E.
Phase IV studies
Correct Answer
C. Phase II studiesExplanation
In this phase, a drug may be discarded for the following reasons: It is less effective than anticipated; it is too toxic when used with patients; It produces unacceptable adverse effects; It has low benefit-to-risk ratio; It is no more effective than other drugs already on the market (p. 8).Rate this question:
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- 5.
In this phase the drug is used in a vast clinical market. Presciberse observe patients very blosely. During this phase the FDA may also consider evaluation.
- A.
Preclinical trials
- B.
Phase I studies
- C.
Phase II studies
- D.
Phase III studies
- E.
Phase IV studies
Correct Answer
D. Phase III studiesExplanation
Drugs that finish phase III studies are evaluated by the FDA, which relies on committees of experts familiar with the speciality area in which the drugs will be used. Only those drugs that receive FDA committee approval may be marketed. The entire drug development and approval process can take 5 to 6 years (p. 8-9).Rate this question:
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- 6.
In this phase continual evalution of the drug is conducted. Prescribers are obligated to report to the FDA any untoward or unexpeceted adverse effects associated with drugs they are using, and the FDA continually evaluates this information.
- A.
Preclinical trials
- B.
Phase I studies
- C.
Phase II studies
- D.
Phase III studies
- E.
Phase IV studies
Correct Answer
E. Phase IV studiesExplanation
Phase IV studies refer to post-marketing surveillance studies that are conducted after a drug has been approved and is on the market. These studies aim to monitor the long-term safety and effectiveness of the drug in a larger population. In this phase, prescribers are required to report any adverse effects associated with the drug to the FDA, and the FDA continually evaluates this information to ensure the ongoing safety of the drug. Therefore, the given explanation accurately describes the purpose and process of Phase IV studies.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of ther following is a trade name?
- A.
(+/-)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid
- B.
Ibuprofren
- C.
Motrin
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. MotrinExplanation
The trade name is also known as the brand name (p. 9).Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is false?
- A.
The DEA stands for the Drug Enforcement Agency
- B.
Drugs with abuse potential are called controlled substances
- C.
Each prescriber has a DEA number, which allows the DEA to monitor prescription patterns and possible abuse
- D.
A schedule V drug has a higher potential for abuse than a schedule V drug
- E.
All of these are true
Correct Answer
D. A schedule V drug has a higher potential for abuse than a schedule V drugExplanation
A schedule I drug has a high abuse potential and mostly no accepted medical use (heroin, marijuana, LSD). A schedule V has limited abuse poteitnal. Primarily small amounts of narcotis (codeine) used as antitussives or antidiarrheals. The purchaser must be at least 18 years of age to purchase schedule V drugs (p. 11).Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is false about anaphylactic reactions?
- A.
Allergy that involves an antibody that reacts with specific sites in the body
- B.
Causes the release of chemicals, including histamine
- C.
Is a type of drug allergy
- D.
Symptomes include hives, rash difficulty breathing, decreased BP, dconstricted pupils, diaphoresis, decreased heart rate, and respiratory arrest
- E.
SubQ epinephrine should be administered. Massage the site to speed absoption rate.
Correct Answer
D. Symptomes include hives, rash difficulty breathing, decreased BP, dconstricted pupils, diaphoresis, decreased heart rate, and respiratory arrestExplanation
Would stimulate hives, rash, difficulty breathing, INCREASED BP, DILATED pupils, diaphoresis, "panic" feeling, INCREASED heart rate, and respiratory arrest (adrenergic stimulation) (p. 35).Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which is false about cytocotic reactions?
- A.
Occurs when antibodies circulate in the blood and cause damage to various tissues by depositing in blood vessels.
- B.
This reaction is not immediate, but may be seen over a few days
- C.
S/S include a CBC showing damage to blooe forming cells, liver function tests show elevated liver enzymes, renal function tests show decreased renal function
- D.
Interventions invove discontinuing the drug and supporting the patient to prevent infection and conserve energy
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Occurs when antibodies circulate in the blood and cause damage to various tissues by depositing in blood vessels.Explanation
CYTOTOXIC REACTION invovles antibodies that circulate in the BLOOD and attack ANTIGENS (the drug) on CELL SITES, causing death of that cell. This reaction is not immediate but may be seen over a few days (p. 35).Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is false?
- A.
Poisoning occurs when an overdose of a drug damages multiple body systems
- B.
Poisoning leads to a potiential for fatal reactions
- C.
Toxicity is an overdose
- D.
A and B
- E.
A and C
Correct Answer
C. Toxicity is an overdoseExplanation
Toxicity is not necessarily an overdose (notes). To check for toxicity one should do the following: change in uniary pattern, elevated BUN, elecated creatinine, change in colour of urine or stool, elevated liver enzymes, etc.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the nurse?
- A.
Teaching
- B.
Checking reaction to the medications
- C.
Properly administering ordered medications and therapy
- D.
Assessment
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
All of the above, including a hx with assessment, are the responsibilies of the nurse (notes).Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is false?
- A.
Promoting drug therapy includes the placebo effect (anticipation that the drug will be helfpul), managing adverse effects, lifestyle changes (e.g adjusting diet)
- B.
Nursing interventions include nursing actions that guide the care provided to the patient by the nurse
- C.
Nursing interventions can be dependent, interdependent, or independent
- D.
A hopsital medication order includes: patient name, patient DOB, drug, drug dosage, drug route, drug frequency, special instruction, amount of medication to dispense, and number of refills
- E.
A patient drug assessment includes: medical hx (e.g. conditions), surgical hx, social hx (e.g. finances), current medications (for drug-to-drug interactions), and allergies (patients may have cross-sensitivity to medications)
Correct Answer
D. A hopsital medication order includes: patient name, patient DOB, drug, drug dosage, drug route, drug frequency, special instruction, amount of medication to dispense, and number of refillsExplanation
A COMMUNITY MEDICATION ORDER includes: pt name, pt DOB, drug, dosage, route, frequency, special instruction, amount of medication to dispense (# of pills), number of refills. HOSPITAL MEDICATION ORDER includes: date of order, time or order, pt name, pt identifies (MRN, DOB), drug, dusage, route, frequency, special instructions (note, chapter 4).Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is false:
- A.
Patient education includes information about storage, interactions, saftey measures, toxicity, and warnings for discontinuation
- B.
The rights are: patient, drug, route, frequency/timing, recording, storage, preparation
- C.
Nursing interventions are divided into two manners: dependent and independent
- D.
Nursing actions/interventions guide the care provided to the patient by the nurse
- E.
All are true
Correct Answer
C. Nursing interventions are divided into two manners: dependent and independentExplanation
Nursing interventions can be dependent, interdependent, or independent (notes, chapter 4).Rate this question:
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