De Bio Genetics Review (Not Graded)

If both parents have blood type A, their children can inherit blood types A and O. This is because blood type A is determined by having either two A alleles or one A and one O allele. Since both parents have blood type A, they can pass on either an A allele or an O allele to their children, resulting in the possibility of the children having blood types A or O.

The appearance resulting from a given gene combination is referred to as the phenotype. The phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, influenced by its genotype (the genetic makeup). It includes traits such as eye color, height, and hair texture. The phenotype is determined by the expression of genes and their interaction with the environment.

If either parent has blood type AB, the possible blood types that the children could inherit are A, B, or AB. However, they cannot inherit blood type o, as it is recessive and both parents have a dominant allele (A or B). Therefore, the children could not inherit blood type o.

X-linked recessive traits such as color blindness can affect both males and females. However, males are more commonly affected by these traits because they only have one X chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. If a male inherits a recessive allele for a particular trait on his X chromosome, he will express that trait because he does not have another X chromosome to mask the effects of the recessive allele. On the other hand, females need to inherit two copies of the recessive allele, one on each X chromosome, to express the trait.

X linked recessive traits affect mostly males because males have only one X chromosome, while females have two. If a male inherits a recessive trait on his X chromosome, he will express that trait because he does not have another X chromosome to mask it. On the other hand, females have two X chromosomes, so even if they inherit a recessive trait on one X chromosome, the other X chromosome may have a dominant allele that masks the recessive trait. Therefore, X linked recessive traits are more commonly seen in males.

If one parent is a carrier (Cc) and the other parent is not a carrier (CC), the child will inherit one copy of the faulty cystic fibrosis gene from the carrier parent and one normal gene from the non-carrier parent. Since cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, the child needs to inherit two copies of the faulty gene to have the disease. Therefore, in this scenario, there is no chance of the child having the disease, resulting in a 0% chance.

The statement is false because Y-linked disorders are only passed from fathers to their sons. Since only males have a Y chromosome, there is no possibility for male to male transmission of Y-linked disorders. However, female carriers can transmit the disorder to their sons.

notice it skips a generation = recessive. Th

An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be homozygous. Homozygous means that both alleles for a particular gene are identical. This can occur when both alleles are dominant or both alleles are recessive. In contrast, heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene. Heteromologous and diplozygous are not commonly used terms in genetics.

In this scenario, the trait being discussed is height, with tall being the dominant trait and short being the recessive trait. The genotype of a heterozygous individual would be expressed as Ss. This means that the individual has one copy of the dominant allele (S) and one copy of the recessive allele (s). Since tall is dominant, the individual will exhibit the tall trait even though they carry one copy of the short allele.

If both parents are genotype (Aa) for Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency, it means that they are carriers of the disease but do not express the phenotype. Since it is an autosomal recessive disorder, for a child to express the disease phenotype, they would need to inherit the recessive allele from both parents. Therefore, the chance of any offspring not expressing the disease phenotype is 75% (3 out of 4 possibilities: AA, Aa, Aa, aa).

X-linked dominant disorders are genetic conditions caused by mutations in genes located on the X chromosome. In these disorders, the mutated gene is dominant, meaning that only one copy of the gene is needed for the disorder to be expressed. Since males have one X and one Y chromosome, if they have an X-linked dominant disorder, all of their daughters will inherit the affected X chromosome and therefore be affected by the disorder. This is because daughters inherit one X chromosome from their father. Therefore, the statement that X-linked dominant disorders affect all daughters of affected males is true.

Negative can give to positive but can't give to negative! AB+ is universal reciepient.

In X-linked recessive traits, the gene responsible for the trait is located on the X chromosome. Since males have one X and one Y chromosome, they can only inherit the X chromosome from their mother. Therefore, if a male has the X-linked recessive trait, he must have inherited it from his mother. As a result, the trait cannot be passed from father to son, meaning that male-to-male transmission does not occur in X-linked recessive traits. Hence, the statement is true.

The man with blood type A+ can receive blood from donors with blood types O-, O+, A-, and A+. Blood type A+ can receive blood from donors with the same blood type (A+) and from donors with blood type A- because A+ has both A antigens and Rh factor. Additionally, A+ can receive blood from O- donors because O- is the universal donor and does not have any antigens that would cause a reaction.

This is close to the 6:2:6:2 ratio. A cross of Aa x Aa gives a 3:1 ratio. A cross of Bb x bb gives a 2:2. Notice 'B/b" covers height, and that trait is split 2:2 so it must be the Bb x bb cross.

The mode of inheritance of the trait represented by shaded shapes is autosomal dominant. This means that the trait is caused by a dominant allele on one of the autosomal chromosomes. In autosomal dominant inheritance, an affected individual only needs to inherit one copy of the dominant allele from either parent in order to express the trait.

In this scenario, the trait in question has two alternatives: broad and narrow. The dominance relationship between these alternatives is such that broad is dominant. Therefore, when an individual is homozygous dominant (BB), they will express the phenotype associated with the dominant trait, which in this case is broad.