Chapter 3 Cell To Organism Practice Quiz

The main difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote is the presence or absence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus that encloses their genetic material, while eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi, have a distinct nucleus that houses their DNA. This difference in cellular organization has significant implications for the complexity and functionality of these organisms.

Animal cells do not have cell plates/walls. Cell plates/walls are found in plant cells and are responsible for providing structural support and protection. Animal cells, on the other hand, have a flexible cell membrane that allows for movement and flexibility. They rely on other structures, such as the cytoskeleton, for support and shape. Centrioles, which are involved in cell division, are also absent in most animal cells.

In a cell, each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids that are joined together. Therefore, if a cell has 22 duplicated chromosomes, it means that each of the 22 chromosomes has two sister chromatids. To find the total number of chromatids, we can multiply the number of duplicated chromosomes (22) by the number of sister chromatids per chromosome (2), which gives us a total of 44 chromatids.

The correct answer is vascular, dermal, and ground. These three types of tissue are found in plants. Vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. Dermal tissue forms the outer protective layer of the plant, preventing water loss and protecting against pathogens. Ground tissue makes up the bulk of the plant and is involved in photosynthesis, storage, and support.

Animal cells divide by a process called cytokinesis, where the cell membrane pinches together until the two cells split. This process allows the animal cell to divide into two separate daughter cells. Plant cells, on the other hand, divide by a process called cell plate formation, where a new cell wall is formed between the two daughter cells. Chromosomes, on the other hand, are structures within the cell that contain genetic material and are involved in cell division, but they do not directly divide the cell.