The Anatomy Of The Artery

2.

The opening within the artery which provides a channel for blood flow

Lumen
Adventitia
Foam cells
Pericardium

Correct Answer

A. Lumen

Explanation

The correct answer is Lumen. The lumen refers to the opening within an artery that provides a channel for blood flow. It is the space through which blood flows, allowing it to circulate throughout the body. The lumen is important for maintaining proper blood flow and ensuring that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the tissues and organs.

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3.

The inner most layer of the artery which is composed of a thin layer of endothelial cells which essentially come in contact with the blood.

Intima
Media
Adventitia
Lumen

Correct Answer

A. Intima

Explanation

The correct answer is "Intima" because it refers to the innermost layer of the artery that is composed of a thin layer of endothelial cells. These cells are in direct contact with the blood flowing through the artery.

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4.

The “middle” and thickest layer of the artery and composed of smooth muscle cells which constrict & dilate the vessel wall, thus assisting in the regulation of blood flow.

Media
Intima
Adventitia
Foam cells

Correct Answer

A. Media

Explanation

The correct answer is "Media". The media is the middle and thickest layer of the artery composed of smooth muscle cells. These smooth muscle cells have the ability to constrict and dilate the vessel wall, which helps in regulating blood flow.

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5.

Provides a protective barrier from thrombotic substances (i.e. cholesterol). However, when injured the cells lose the protective barrier and will attract monocytes & smooth muscle cells.

Endothelial cells
Smooth muscle cels
Platelets
Monocytes/Macrophages

Correct Answer

A. Endothelial cells

Explanation

The correct answer is Endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the inner surface of blood vessels and provide a protective barrier against thrombotic substances like cholesterol. However, when these cells are injured, they lose their protective barrier and become exposed. This exposure attracts monocytes and smooth muscle cells, which can contribute to the formation of blood clots and plaque buildup in the arteries.

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6.

Once the intima layer has been injured due to whatever reason (HTN, smoking, etc.) the circulating monocytes enter the subendothelial space and become macrophages and the subsequent initiation of atherogenesis is begun.

Response to injury hypothesis
Monocytes
Endothelial cells
Platlets

Correct Answer

A. Response to injury hypothesis

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer is that the response to injury hypothesis suggests that the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis is the injury to the intima layer of the blood vessel. This injury can be caused by various factors such as hypertension (HTN) and smoking. Once the intima layer is injured, circulating monocytes enter the subendothelial space and transform into macrophages. This triggers the initiation of atherogenesis, which is the formation of fatty plaques in the blood vessel walls. Therefore, the correct answer is "Response to injury hypothesis."

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7.

Responsible for movement/contraction myofibrils within the cell and the synthesis of collagen, elastin, etc., which form the structure of the media layer in the artery. During the “synthesis” state the cells provide receptors for LDL & platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), which will migrate from the media layer to the intima layer.

Smooth muscle cells
Platlets
Endothelial cells
Monocytes

Correct Answer

A. Smooth muscle cells

Explanation

Smooth muscle cells are responsible for movement and contraction of myofibrils within the cell. They also play a role in the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and other components that form the structure of the media layer in the artery. These cells provide receptors for LDL and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) during the synthesis state, allowing these molecules to migrate from the media layer to the intima layer.

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8.

The outer layer of the artery which contain fibroblasts, collagen, blood vessels nerves, and lymphatics which all service the vessel.

Adventitia
Media
Parietal pericardium
Foam cells

Correct Answer

A. Adventitia

Explanation

The correct answer is Adventitia because it is the outer layer of the artery that contains fibroblasts, collagen, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics which all service the vessel. The adventitia provides structural support to the artery and helps maintain its shape and integrity. It also plays a role in regulating blood flow and immune response in the vessel.

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9.

Contain numerous biochemical “bombs” which are released into the bloodstream and upon impact attract more platelets, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and ADP & epinephrine which induces vasoconstriction and an increased pressure gradient within the artery. Blood to clot or stick together

Platelets
Smooth muscle cells
Endothelial cells
Monocytes/Macrophages

Correct Answer

A. Platelets

Explanation

Platelets contain numerous biochemical "bombs" that are released into the bloodstream upon impact. These biochemicals attract more platelets, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and ADP & epinephrine, which induce vasoconstriction and increase the pressure gradient within the artery. Therefore, platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting or sticking together.

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10.

The subendothelial accumulation of a group of cells which are filled with lipids and appear as a “fatty streak” when examined under a microscope.

Foam cells
Fibrous plague
Lumen
Adventitia

Correct Answer

A. Foam cells

Explanation

Foam cells are a type of cell that accumulate in the subendothelial layer of blood vessels. These cells are filled with lipids, giving them a foamy appearance. When examined under a microscope, they appear as a "fatty streak." Foam cells are a key component of early atherosclerotic lesions and play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. They are formed when macrophages engulf oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and become filled with cholesterol and other lipids. The accumulation of foam cells contributes to the formation of fibrous plaques, which can lead to the narrowing and hardening of blood vessels.

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The Anatomy Of The Artery

A slowly progressive disease of muscular arteries, in which the inner layer becomes thickened by fatty deposits and fibrous tissue.

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The opening within the artery which provides a channel for blood flow

The inner most layer of the artery which is composed of a thin layer of endothelial cells which essentially come in contact with the blood.

The “middle” and thickest layer of the artery and composed of smooth muscle cells which constrict & dilate the vessel wall, thus assisting in the regulation of blood flow.

Provides a protective barrier from thrombotic substances (i.e. cholesterol). However, when injured the cells lose the protective barrier and will attract monocytes & smooth muscle cells.

Once the intima layer has been injured due to whatever reason (HTN, smoking, etc.) the circulating monocytes enter the subendothelial space and become macrophages and the subsequent initiation of atherogenesis is begun.

The outer layer of the artery which contain fibroblasts, collagen, blood vessels nerves, and lymphatics which all service the vessel.

Contain numerous biochemical “bombs” which are released into the bloodstream and upon impact attract more platelets, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and ADP & epinephrine which induces vasoconstriction and an increased pressure gradient within the artery. Blood to clot or stick together

The subendothelial accumulation of a group of cells which are filled with lipids and appear as a “fatty streak” when examined under a microscope.