Effective Speaking Chapter 8 Lhs

Culture is the correct answer because it refers to the learned patterns of beliefs, values, attitudes, norms, practices, customs, and behaviors shared by a large group of people. Culture encompasses various aspects of a society, including language, traditions, social norms, and environmental factors. It shapes individuals' behaviors and interactions within a community or society.

Language and power do not always occur on the conscious level. Power dynamics and language can operate at both conscious and unconscious levels. Language can be used to manipulate and control individuals without their awareness.

When Ellen hears the word "hospital," she has an intense, negative reaction. This suggests that her reaction is based on the emotional and subjective associations she has with the word rather than its literal or dictionary definition. This aligns with the connotative meaning of the word, which refers to the personal and cultural associations and implications that a word carries.

The question asks for an exception in being specific with language use. The correct answer is "use abstract words." This means that in order to be specific with language use, one should not use abstract words. Abstract words are general and lack specificity, so using them would be contradictory to the goal of being specific. The other options, such as eliminating unnecessary words, speaking primarily in active voice, and avoiding clichés, all contribute to being specific with language use.

The term "chairperson" is an example of gender-neutral language because it does not specify the gender of the person holding the position. It can be used to refer to both men and women who occupy the role of chairing a meeting or organization. This term avoids the use of gender-specific titles such as "chairman" or "chairwoman," which may imply that only individuals of a certain gender can hold the position.

Ogden and Richards created the "triangle of meaning." This concept suggests that there is a relationship between a word (symbol), the object or idea it represents (referent), and the thought or concept in the mind of the speaker (thought). This triangle helps to understand how meaning is conveyed through language.

Oral style is typically characterized by informal language, animated language, and simple sentence structure. However, it does not typically involve detailed and complex thoughts. In oral communication, thoughts are usually conveyed in a more concise and straightforward manner, focusing on the main points rather than delving into intricate details.

Clarity means that your audience immediately recognizes and understands your word choices. This means that the language used is clear, concise, and easily understood by the intended audience. It avoids ambiguity, confusion, and misinterpretation. Clarity ensures that the message is effectively communicated and that there is no room for misunderstanding.

The sentence "He made the bed" is an example of active voice because the subject (he) is performing the action (made) directly. In active voice, the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action.

Words are symbols that we use to create, learn, and express our thoughts and feelings. They are a form of communication that allows us to convey meaning and share information with others. Gestures, signs, and metaphors can also be used to express thoughts and feelings, but in this context, the emphasis is on words as the primary means of expression.