12 Chemistry Unit-19 Carboxylic Acids

1. P{margin-bottom:0.08in;} Which order of arrangement is correct in terms of the strength of the acid P{margin-bottom:0.08in;} P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } a) CH₃-CH₂-COOH > CH₃COOH < HCOOH < ClCH₂-COOH b) ClCH₂-COOH > HCOOH < CH₃COOH < CH₃-CH₂-COOH c) CH₃-CH₂-COOH < CH₃COOH < HCOOH < ClCH₂-COOH d) HCOOH > CH₃-CH₂-COOH < CH₃COOH > ClCH₂-COOH

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

The correct order of arrangement in terms of the strength of the acid is CH3-CH2-COOH

Explanation

The correct order of arrangement in terms of the strength of the acid is CH3-CH2-COOH

2. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Which of the following compound is optically active ? a) CH₃CH₂COOH b) HOOC-CH₂-COOH c) CH₃CH(OH)CHO d) Cl₂CHCOOH

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CH3CH(OH)CHO is optically active because it contains a chiral carbon atom, which is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups. This chiral carbon allows the molecule to exist in two non-superimposable mirror image forms, known as enantiomers. Therefore, CH3CH(OH)CHO can rotate the plane of polarized light and is optically active.

Explanation

CH3CH(OH)CHO is optically active because it contains a chiral carbon atom, which is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups. This chiral carbon allows the molecule to exist in two non-superimposable mirror image forms, known as enantiomers. Therefore, CH3CH(OH)CHO can rotate the plane of polarized light and is optically active.

3. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } The compound found in some stony deposit in kidneys is a) potassium oxalate b) oxalic acid c) potassium succinate d) calcium oxalate

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The compound found in some stony deposits in kidneys is calcium oxalate.

Explanation

The compound found in some stony deposits in kidneys is calcium oxalate.

4. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } The acid which reduces Tollen's reagent is a) acetic acid b) benzoic acid c) formic acid d) oxalic acid

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Formic acid is the acid that reduces Tollen's reagent.

Explanation

Formic acid is the acid that reduces Tollen's reagent.

5. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } The Isomerism exhibited by CH₃-CH₂-COOH and CH₃-COOCH₃ is a) metamerism b) position c) chain d) functional

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The isomerism exhibited by CH3-CH2-COOH and CH3-COOCH3 is functional isomerism. Functional isomerism occurs when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups. In this case, CH3-CH2-COOH is a carboxylic acid, while CH3-COOCH3 is an ester. They have the same molecular formula (C3H6O2), but different functional groups, resulting in different chemical properties and reactivity.

Explanation

The isomerism exhibited by CH3-CH2-COOH and CH3-COOCH3 is functional isomerism. Functional isomerism occurs when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups. In this case, CH3-CH2-COOH is a carboxylic acid, while CH3-COOCH3 is an ester. They have the same molecular formula (C3H6O2), but different functional groups, resulting in different chemical properties and reactivity.

6. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } The acid that cannot be prepared by Grignard reagent a) acetic acid b) formic acid c) butyric acid d) benzoic acid

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Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds that react with carbonyl compounds to form alcohols. However, formic acid is not a carbonyl compound and therefore cannot be prepared using a Grignard reagent.

Explanation

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds that react with carbonyl compounds to form alcohols. However, formic acid is not a carbonyl compound and therefore cannot be prepared using a Grignard reagent.

7. P{margin-bottom:0.08in;} Which of the following is least acidic a) C₂H₅OH b) CH₃COOH c) C₆H₅OH d) ClCH₂COOH

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The correct answer is a) C2H5OH. C2H5OH is least acidic among the given options because it is an alcohol and does not contain any acidic functional groups. CH3COOH (option b) is acetic acid, which is a weak acid. C6H5OH (option c) is phenol, which is a weak acid. ClCH2COOH (option d) is chloroacetic acid, which is a stronger acid compared to the other options. Therefore, C2H5OH is the least acidic compound among the given options.

Explanation

The correct answer is a) C2H5OH. C2H5OH is least acidic among the given options because it is an alcohol and does not contain any acidic functional groups. CH3COOH (option b) is acetic acid, which is a weak acid. C6H5OH (option c) is phenol, which is a weak acid. ClCH2COOH (option d) is chloroacetic acid, which is a stronger acid compared to the other options. Therefore, C2H5OH is the least acidic compound among the given options.

8. P{margin-bottom:0.08in;} CH₃CH(OH)COOH ? The product is a) CH₃COCOOH b) CH₃CH₂COOH c) CH₃CHOHCHO d) HOOC-CH₂-COOH

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

The correct answer is option 1, CH3COCOOH. This is because the compound CH3CH(OH)COOH is an alcohol with a carboxylic acid functional group. When an alcohol reacts with a strong oxidizing agent, such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4), the alcohol group is oxidized to a carbonyl group (C=O), resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid. In this case, the alcohol group (-OH) in CH3CH(OH)COOH is oxidized to a carbonyl group (C=O), resulting in the formation of CH3COCOOH.

Explanation

The correct answer is option 1, CH3COCOOH. This is because the compound CH3CH(OH)COOH is an alcohol with a carboxylic acid functional group. When an alcohol reacts with a strong oxidizing agent, such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4), the alcohol group is oxidized to a carbonyl group (C=O), resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid. In this case, the alcohol group (-OH) in CH3CH(OH)COOH is oxidized to a carbonyl group (C=O), resulting in the formation of CH3COCOOH.

9. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Among the following the strongest acid is a) ClCH₂-COOH b) Cl₃C-COOH c) CH₃CHOHCOOH d) Cl₂CH-COOH

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The strongest acid among the given options is Cl3C-COOH. This is because the presence of three chlorine atoms in the molecule increases the electron-withdrawing effect, making the molecule more acidic. The more electron-withdrawing groups a molecule has, the more stable the conjugate base will be, leading to a stronger acid.

Explanation

The strongest acid among the given options is Cl3C-COOH. This is because the presence of three chlorine atoms in the molecule increases the electron-withdrawing effect, making the molecule more acidic. The more electron-withdrawing groups a molecule has, the more stable the conjugate base will be, leading to a stronger acid.

10. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } CH3 │ The IUPAC name of CH3-CH2-CH-COOH is a) α-methyl butric acid b) 3-methy butanoic acid c) 2-methyl butanoic acid d) Iso pentanoic acid

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The correct answer is option 3, 2-methyl butanoic acid. This is because the molecule CH3-CH2-CH-COOH has a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the chain, making it a 2-methyl compound. The butanoic acid part comes from the fact that the chain has four carbon atoms, so it is a butanoic acid.

Explanation

The correct answer is option 3, 2-methyl butanoic acid. This is because the molecule CH3-CH2-CH-COOH has a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the chain, making it a 2-methyl compound. The butanoic acid part comes from the fact that the chain has four carbon atoms, so it is a butanoic acid.

11. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenol and alcohol because of a) inte molecular hydrogen bonding b) formation of dimers c) highly acidic hydrogen d) greater resonance stabilisation of their conjugate base

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Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenol and alcohol because the conjugate base of carboxylic acids is more stabilized by resonance. The presence of the carbonyl group in carboxylic acids allows for delocalization of the negative charge on the oxygen atom, resulting in greater stability. This resonance stabilization makes it easier for carboxylic acids to donate a proton and therefore makes them more acidic compared to phenol and alcohol.

Explanation

Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenol and alcohol because the conjugate base of carboxylic acids is more stabilized by resonance. The presence of the carbonyl group in carboxylic acids allows for delocalization of the negative charge on the oxygen atom, resulting in greater stability. This resonance stabilization makes it easier for carboxylic acids to donate a proton and therefore makes them more acidic compared to phenol and alcohol.

12. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Ethylene cyanide on hydrolysis using acid gives a) oxalic acid b) succinic acid c) adipic acid d) propionic acid

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Ethylene cyanide, also known as acetonitrile, undergoes hydrolysis using acid to produce succinic acid.

Explanation

Ethylene cyanide, also known as acetonitrile, undergoes hydrolysis using acid to produce succinic acid.

13. P{margin-bottom:0.08in;} H─C=O

? The product is ⁄ HO a) CO + H₂O b) HCOOH c) H₂ + CO₂ d) HCHO + O₂

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The correct answer is option 3, H2 + CO2. This is because the reactant H─C=O is a ketone, which can undergo a reaction called the Cannizzaro reaction. In this reaction, the ketone molecule is simultaneously oxidized and reduced. The carbon atom in the ketone is oxidized to form CO2, while the hydrogen atom is reduced to form H2. Therefore, the product of the reaction is H2 + CO2.

Explanation

The correct answer is option 3, H2 + CO2. This is because the reactant H─C=O is a ketone, which can undergo a reaction called the Cannizzaro reaction. In this reaction, the ketone molecule is simultaneously oxidized and reduced. The carbon atom in the ketone is oxidized to form CO2, while the hydrogen atom is reduced to form H2. Therefore, the product of the reaction is H2 + CO2.

14. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Ester formation involves the reaction of a) an aldehyde and a ketone b) An alcohol with RMgX c) Two molecules of an acid with dehydrating agent d) An acylhalide with an alcohol

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Ester formation involves the reaction of an acylhalide with an alcohol.

Explanation

Ester formation involves the reaction of an acylhalide with an alcohol.

15. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } When chlorine is passed through acetic acid in presence of red P, it forms. a) acetyl chloride b) Trichloro acetaldehyde c) Trichloro acetic acid d) Methyl chloride

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When chlorine is passed through acetic acid in the presence of red P (red phosphorus), it forms trichloroacetic acid.

Explanation

When chlorine is passed through acetic acid in the presence of red P (red phosphorus), it forms trichloroacetic acid.

16. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } when propanoic acid is treated with aqueous sodium – bicarbonate ,CO₂ is liberated. The "C" of CO₂comes from a) methyl group b) carboxylic acid group b) methylene group d) bicarbonate

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Explanation

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17. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Which of the following compounds will react with NaHCO₃ solution to give sodium salt and CO₂ a) acetic acid b) n-hexanol c) phenol d) both (a) and (b)

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Acetic acid will react with NaHCO3 solution to give sodium acetate and CO2. Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid and reacts with NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) to form the corresponding sodium salt (sodium acetate) and release carbon dioxide gas. This is a common reaction known as an acid-base reaction or neutralization reaction.

Explanation

Acetic acid will react with NaHCO3 solution to give sodium acetate and CO2. Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid and reacts with NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) to form the corresponding sodium salt (sodium acetate) and release carbon dioxide gas. This is a common reaction known as an acid-base reaction or neutralization reaction.

18. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Weakest acid among the following is a) Acetic acid b) Phenol c) Water d) Acetylene

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Acetylene is the weakest acid among the given options because it is a nonpolar molecule and does not readily donate a proton (H+) in solution. Acetylene (C2H2) does not have any acidic functional groups like carboxylic acid (acetic acid) or hydroxyl group (phenol) that can easily release a proton. Water (H2O) can act as a weak acid in certain conditions, but it is still stronger than acetylene in terms of acidity. Therefore, acetylene is the weakest acid among the options provided.

Explanation

Acetylene is the weakest acid among the given options because it is a nonpolar molecule and does not readily donate a proton (H+) in solution. Acetylene (C2H2) does not have any acidic functional groups like carboxylic acid (acetic acid) or hydroxyl group (phenol) that can easily release a proton. Water (H2O) can act as a weak acid in certain conditions, but it is still stronger than acetylene in terms of acidity. Therefore, acetylene is the weakest acid among the options provided.

19. P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Heating a mixture of sodium acetate and soda lime gives a) methane b) ethane c) acetic acid d) benzene

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Explanation

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20. P{margin-bottom:0.08in;} P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } The compound which undergoes intramolecular dehydration with P₂O₅ is a) acetic acid b) formic acid c) propionic acid d) buryric acid

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Explanation

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