Neurology/Psychiatry Exam 1

1. Damage to the region of the brain known as Wernicke's area would result in what symptoms?

Word salad AKA totally incoherent sentences.

Parkinson-like syndrome.

Flat voice, inability to produce words.

Hallucinations.

2. primarily inhibits while primarily excites.

GABA; Glutamate

Glutamate; GABA

5-HT; Acetlycholine

Acetlycholine; 5-HT

3. Anatomical findings in schizophrenia include __ size of ventricles and _ hippocampal volume

Decreased; increased

Increased; decreased

Increased; increased

Decreased; decreased

4. I am the first alternative to phenothiazines for the treatment of schizophrenia. I am more potent than chlorpromazine. Unlike thioxanthenes, I am structurally unrelated to phenothiazines but have similar pharmacological action and side effects. I am a member of the butyrophenones. What drug am I?

Haloperidol

Clozapine

Chlorpromazine

Fluphenazine

5. I am the drug that first revolutionized antipsychotic therapy in 1954. My use was discovered by a surgeon looking to reduce the shock of anaesthesia. Having tried different antihistamines, I stood out to him as having the potential for use in psychiatry. I am a member of the class of phenothiazines, making me a classical (or typical/first-generation) antipsychotic.

Haloperidol

Clozapine

Chlorpromazine

Fluphenazine

6. Schwann cells : peripheral nerves :: _____________ : central nerves

Astrocytes

Oligodendroglia

Satellite Cells

Radial Glia

Schwann cells provide the myelin sheath for peripheral nerves. Oligodendroglia provide myelin for the neurons in the brain.

Astrocytes regulate the environment between the neurons.
Satellite Cells regulate the chemical environment around neurons much like astrocytes.
Radial Glia assist neuron creation in growing brains.

Explanation

Schwann cells provide the myelin sheath for peripheral nerves. Oligodendroglia provide myelin for the neurons in the brain.

Astrocytes regulate the environment between the neurons.
Satellite Cells regulate the chemical environment around neurons much like astrocytes.
Radial Glia assist neuron creation in growing brains.

7. Match the following structures to their function.

Cerebellum

Broca's Area

Wernicke's Area

Ventricles

Primary Motor Cortex

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Submit

8. Rasagiline causes increased expression of 5-HT through preventing its degradation.

True

False

9. A patient who started the Atkins diet a year ago is showing signs of depression. Why?

Overeating of meat has reduced uptake of tyrosine, limiting 5-HT production

Overeating of meat has reduced uptake of tryptophan, limiting 5-HT production

Overeating of meat has reduced uptake of threonine, limiting 5-HT production

They just really miss eating donuts

Everyone knows that doughnut cravings would have become less of an issue after 9 months of the diet.

Explanation

Everyone knows that doughnut cravings would have become less of an issue after 9 months of the diet.

10. Glutamate is not introduced into the brain via an uptake method.

True

False

11. Damage to the region of the brain known as Broca's area would result in what symptoms?

Word salad AKA totally incoherent sentences.

Parkinson-like syndrome.

Flat voice, inability to produce words.

Hallucinations.

12. Generally speaking, there are how many mechanisms used in the brain to terminate neurotransmitter responses in the synaptic cleft?

1

2

3

4

The basic mechanisms are reuptake into the neuron and degradation with enzymes.

Explanation

The basic mechanisms are reuptake into the neuron and degradation with enzymes.

13. Schizophrenia appears to have _ genetic component and occurs ___

A strong; equally among genders

A minor; more frequently among men than women

A strong; more frequently among men than women

A minor; equally among genders

14. I am a "paramedic cell" of the brain, responding to injury and removing extra GABA. Who am I?

Astrocyte

Olidodendroglia

Microglia

15. The sensory cortex, which lies in the frontal lobe adjacent to the central sulcus, coordinates all of the sensory data from the body.

True

False

The sensory cortex lies in the parietal lobe, not the frontal lobe.

Explanation

The sensory cortex lies in the parietal lobe, not the frontal lobe.

16. The _ dopamine pathway controls __.

Nigrostriatal; movement, EPS

Tuberoinfundibular; movement, EPS

Mesocortical; movement, EPS

Tuberoinfundibular; arousal, memory

Mesolimbic; arousal, memory

Nigrostriatal; arousal, memory

Mesocortical; cognition, stress

Mesolimbic; prolactin secretion

Tuberoinfundibular; prolactin secretion

Submit

17. Experimental drug Y is large and hydrophilic with the intent of reducing blood pressure in the patient. Upon PO administration to rats, a definite change in behavior could be seen where the rat's levels of aggression increased towards each other. Why could this be?

Active removal from the tissue

Passive diffusal across the blood-brain barrier

Bioavailability is too low

Active transport into the tissue

18. HM was a very special case study for neuroscience. After his hippocampus were removed, he was ____________.

Unable to form memories at all

Only capable of forming short term memory

Only capable of forming long term memory

19. When dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft, which type of receptor inhibits further secretion of dopamine?

Presynaptic D1

Presynaptic D2

Postsynaptic D1

Postsynaptic D2

20. The Pencil Test experiment that HM participated in showed that ________

There are multiple kinds of memory that correspond to different zones of the brain

HM was completely unable to learn a simple task because he couldn’t remember his previous attempts

The hippocampus must be the seat of the brain’s ability to convert short term memory into long term memory

21. Reduction in the expression of aromatic L-amino decarboxylase will cause a direct decrease in _________.

L-Tyrosine

L-DOPA

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

22. Experimental drug X is small and hydrophobic with the intent of reducing anxiety in the patient. Upon PO administration to rats and subsequent dissection, it was found that drug X existed in only very small quantities in the brain. Why could this be?

Active removal from the tissue

Not able to cross the blood-brain barrier

Bioavailability is too high

Active transport into the tissue

The small size and lipophilicity would allow it to pass into the brain easily.
High bioavailability and active transport into the tissue would both increase the concentration.

Explanation

The small size and lipophilicity would allow it to pass into the brain easily.
High bioavailability and active transport into the tissue would both increase the concentration.

23. _ of _ causes ______.

Influx, K ion, depolarization

Efflux, K ion, repolarization

Influx, Cl ion, depolarization

Influx, Na ion, repolarization

Influx, Na ion, depolarization

Influx, Ca ion, vesicle fusion

Influx, Ca ion, vesicle formation

Efflux, Ca ion, vesicle fusion

Vesicle fusion is the act of forcing a vesicle to combine with a cell wall and expelling its contents into the synaptic cleft. Vesicles are formed by a different process.

Explanation

Vesicle fusion is the act of forcing a vesicle to combine with a cell wall and expelling its contents into the synaptic cleft. Vesicles are formed by a different process.

Submit

24. Which areas of the body have the most neurons dedicated to their function according to the motor homunculus diagram?

Feet

Legs

Stomach

Chest

Hands

Arms

Genitals

Face

Submit

25. When dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft, which type of receptor inhibits further production of dopamine?

Presynaptic D1

Presynaptic D2

Postsynaptic D1

Postsynaptic D2

26. Schizophrenia is a neuroconnective disorder that involves which of the following transmitters?

Dopamine

Serotonin

Glutamate

GABA

Submit

27. Long term memories are formed by creating pathways in the brain that are easily reenervated. These pathways are maintained by what chemical?

Glutamate

GABA

RTSbeta

PKMzeta

28. The _ synaptic connection is usually associated with _ responses.

Axoaxonic :: inhibitory

Axoaxonic :: excitatory

Axosomatic :: inhibitory

Axosomatic :: excitatory

Axodendridic :: inhibitory

Axodendridic :: excitatory

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29. E.B. presents to the clinic after an encounter with the police. Accounts of the arrest mentioned that she was running away from aliens down Forbes Ave, terrified that they would "floop her lobes". During the interview, she was very difficult to orient to the speaker and constantly cast her eyes up to the ceiling as if she could hear something above her. She mentions that she has spent the last week living out of her car in an abandoned parking lot, hiding from anyone who could be "working with them". Is E.B. diagnosable for schizophrenia and what symptoms does she exhibit?

Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia

No, this is not diagnosable as schizophrenia

Hallucination

Delusion

Disorganized speech

Psychomotor agitation

Alogia

Anhedonia

Avolition

Asociality

Submit

30. T.Y. is being seen in the ER after coming in hysterical an hour before. During her ravings it is found that she fears that several large shadowy figures have been following her around to various bars all night and sending bats to fly into her hair. Cocaine residue was found in a small bag in her purse. Is T.Y. diagnosable for schizophrenia and what symptoms does she exhibit?

No, this is not diagnosable as schizophrenia

Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia

Hallucination

Delusion

Disorganized speech

Psychomotor agitation

Alogia

Anhedonia

Avolition

Asociality

Submit

31. F.F. is a young man who has voluntarily committed himself to the mental health service for evaluation. During an interview, he flatly states that he just doesn't see the point of doing anything. His interest in his school work has fallen off dramatically, as has any enjoyment he once had from his hobbies. This has been going on for over a month, ever since he heard his bicycle tell him he was worthless. He sold the bike shortly thereafter. Is F.F. diagnosable for schizophrenia and what symptoms does he exhibit?

Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia

No, this is not diagnosable as schizophrenia

Hallucination

Delusion

Disorganized speech

Psychomotor agitation

Alogia

Anhedonia

Avolition

Asociality

Submit

Neurology/Psychiatry Exam 1

1. Damage to the region of the brain known as Wernicke's area would result in what symptoms?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. ______ primarily inhibits while ______ primarily excites.

3. Anatomical findings in schizophrenia include ______ size of ventricles and _____ hippocampal volume

6. Schwann cells : peripheral nerves :: _____________ : central nerves

7. Match the following structures to their function.

8. Rasagiline causes increased expression of 5-HT through preventing its degradation.

9. A patient who started the Atkins diet a year ago is showing signs of depression. Why?

10. Glutamate is not introduced into the brain via an uptake method.

11. Damage to the region of the brain known as Broca's area would result in what symptoms?

12. Generally speaking, there are how many mechanisms used in the brain to terminate neurotransmitter responses in the synaptic cleft?

13. Schizophrenia appears to have _______ genetic component and occurs _________

14. I am a "paramedic cell" of the brain, responding to injury and removing extra GABA. Who am I?

15. The sensory cortex, which lies in the frontal lobe adjacent to the central sulcus, coordinates all of the sensory data from the body.

16. The _______ dopamine pathway controls ________.

17. Experimental drug Y is large and hydrophilic with the intent of reducing blood pressure in the patient. Upon PO administration to rats, a definite change in behavior could be seen where the rat's levels of aggression increased towards each other. Why could this be?

18. HM was a very special case study for neuroscience. After his hippocampus were removed, he was ____________.

19. When dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft, which type of receptor inhibits further secretion of dopamine?

20. The Pencil Test experiment that HM participated in showed that ________

21. Reduction in the expression of aromatic L-amino decarboxylase will cause a direct decrease in _________.

22. Experimental drug X is small and hydrophobic with the intent of reducing anxiety in the patient. Upon PO administration to rats and subsequent dissection, it was found that drug X existed in only very small quantities in the brain. Why could this be?

23. _______ of ___________ causes __________.

24. Which areas of the body have the most neurons dedicated to their function according to the motor homunculus diagram?

25. When dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft, which type of receptor inhibits further production of dopamine?

26. Schizophrenia is a neuroconnective disorder that involves which of the following transmitters?

27. Long term memories are formed by creating pathways in the brain that are easily reenervated. These pathways are maintained by what chemical?

28. The _________ synaptic connection is usually associated with _________ responses.

2. primarily inhibits while primarily excites.

3. Anatomical findings in schizophrenia include __ size of ventricles and _ hippocampal volume

13. Schizophrenia appears to have _ genetic component and occurs ___

16. The _ dopamine pathway controls __.

23. _ of _ causes ______.

28. The _ synaptic connection is usually associated with _ responses.