Neurology/Psychiatry Exam 1
This is a formative assessment to enhance learning for the Neurology/Psychiatry course at the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy. Material covered includes everything that was stated would be on the first exam.
- 1.
Schwann cells : peripheral nerves :: _____________ : central nerves
- A.
Astrocytes
- B.
Oligodendroglia
- C.
Satellite Cells
- D.
Radial Glia
Correct Answer
B. OligodendrogliaExplanation
Schwann cells provide the myelin sheath for peripheral nerves. Oligodendroglia provide myelin for the neurons in the brain.
Astrocytes regulate the environment between the neurons.
Satellite Cells regulate the chemical environment around neurons much like astrocytes.
Radial Glia assist neuron creation in growing brains.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The sensory cortex, which lies in the frontal lobe adjacent to the central sulcus, coordinates all of the sensory data from the body.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The sensory cortex lies in the parietal lobe, not the frontal lobe.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Damage to the region of the brain known as Broca’s area would result in what symptoms?
- A.
Word salad AKA totally incoherent sentences.
- B.
Parkinson-like syndrome.
- C.
Flat voice, inability to produce words.
- D.
Hallucinations.
Correct Answer
C. Flat voice, inability to produce words. -
- 4.
Damage to the region of the brain known as Wernicke’s area would result in what symptoms?
- A.
Word salad AKA totally incoherent sentences.
- B.
Parkinson-like syndrome.
- C.
Flat voice, inability to produce words.
- D.
Hallucinations.
Correct Answer
A. Word salad AKA totally incoherent sentences. -
- 5.
Which areas of the body have the most neurons dedicated to their function according to the motor homunculus diagram?
- A.
Feet
- B.
Legs
- C.
Stomach
- D.
Chest
- E.
Hands
- F.
Arms
- G.
Genitals
- H.
Face
Correct Answer(s)
E. Hands
H. Face -
- 6.
I am a "paramedic cell" of the brain, responding to injury and removing extra GABA. Who am I?
- A.
Astrocyte
- B.
Olidodendroglia
- C.
Microglia
Correct Answer
A. Astrocyte -
- 7.
The _________ synaptic connection is usually associated with _________ responses.
- A.
Axoaxonic :: inhibitory
- B.
Axoaxonic :: excitatory
- C.
Axosomatic :: inhibitory
- D.
Axosomatic :: excitatory
- E.
Axodendridic :: inhibitory
- F.
Axodendridic :: excitatory
Correct Answer(s)
A. Axoaxonic :: inhibitory
C. Axosomatic :: inhibitory
F. Axodendridic :: excitatory -
- 8.
Experimental drug X is small and hydrophobic with the intent of reducing anxiety in the patient. Upon PO administration to rats and subsequent dissection, it was found that drug X existed in only very small quantities in the brain. Why could this be?
- A.
Active removal from the tissue
- B.
Not able to cross the blood-brain barrier
- C.
Bioavailability is too high
- D.
Active transport into the tissue
Correct Answer
A. Active removal from the tissueExplanation
The small size and lipophilicity would allow it to pass into the brain easily.
High bioavailability and active transport into the tissue would both increase the concentration.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Experimental drug Y is large and hydrophilic with the intent of reducing blood pressure in the patient. Upon PO administration to rats, a definite change in behavior could be seen where the rat’s levels of aggression increased towards each other. Why could this be?
- A.
Active removal from the tissue
- B.
Passive diffusal across the blood-brain barrier
- C.
Bioavailability is too low
- D.
Active transport into the tissue
Correct Answer
D. Active transport into the tissue -
- 10.
_______ of ___________ causes __________.
- A.
Influx, K ion, depolarization
- B.
Efflux, K ion, repolarization
- C.
Influx, Cl ion, depolarization
- D.
Influx, Na ion, repolarization
- E.
Influx, Na ion, depolarization
- F.
Influx, Ca ion, vesicle fusion
- G.
Influx, Ca ion, vesicle formation
- H.
Efflux, Ca ion, vesicle fusion
Correct Answer(s)
B. Efflux, K ion, repolarization
E. Influx, Na ion, depolarization
F. Influx, Ca ion, vesicle fusionExplanation
Vesicle fusion is the act of forcing a vesicle to combine with a cell wall and expelling its contents into the synaptic cleft. Vesicles are formed by a different process.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The _______ dopamine pathway controls ________.
- A.
Nigrostriatal; movement, EPS
- B.
Tuberoinfundibular; movement, EPS
- C.
Mesocortical; movement, EPS
- D.
Tuberoinfundibular; arousal, memory
- E.
Mesolimbic; arousal, memory
- F.
Nigrostriatal; arousal, memory
- G.
Mesocortical; cognition, stress
- H.
Mesolimbic; prolactin secretion
- I.
Tuberoinfundibular; prolactin secretion
Correct Answer(s)
A. Nigrostriatal; movement, EPS
E. Mesolimbic; arousal, memory
G. Mesocortical; cognition, stress
I. Tuberoinfundibular; prolactin secretion -
- 12.
When dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft, which type of receptor inhibits further secretion of dopamine?
- A.
Presynaptic D1
- B.
Presynaptic D2
- C.
Postsynaptic D1
- D.
Postsynaptic D2
Correct Answer
B. Presynaptic D2 -
- 13.
When dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft, which type of receptor inhibits further production of dopamine?
- A.
Presynaptic D1
- B.
Presynaptic D2
- C.
Postsynaptic D1
- D.
Postsynaptic D2
Correct Answer
D. Postsynaptic D2 -
- 14.
Reduction in the expression of aromatic L-amino decarboxylase will cause a direct decrease in _________.
- A.
L-Tyrosine
- B.
L-DOPA
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Norepinephrine
Correct Answer
C. Dopamine -
- 15.
A patient who started the Atkins diet a year ago is showing signs of depression. Why?
- A.
Overeating of meat has reduced uptake of tyrosine, limiting 5-HT production
- B.
Overeating of meat has reduced uptake of tryptophan, limiting 5-HT production
- C.
Overeating of meat has reduced uptake of threonine, limiting 5-HT production
- D.
They just really miss eating donuts
Correct Answer
B. Overeating of meat has reduced uptake of tryptophan, limiting 5-HT productionExplanation
Everyone knows that doughnut cravings would have become less of an issue after 9 months of the diet.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Rasagiline causes increased expression of 5-HT through preventing its degradation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 17.
HM was a very special case study for neuroscience. After his hippocampus were removed, he was ____________.
- A.
Unable to form memories at all
- B.
Only capable of forming short term memory
- C.
Only capable of forming long term memory
Correct Answer
B. Only capable of forming short term memory -
- 18.
The Pencil Test experiment that HM participated in showed that ________
- A.
There are multiple kinds of memory that correspond to different zones of the brain
- B.
HM was completely unable to learn a simple task because he couldn’t remember his previous attempts
- C.
The hippocampus must be the seat of the brain’s ability to convert short term memory into long term memory
Correct Answer
A. There are multiple kinds of memory that correspond to different zones of the brain -
- 19.
Long term memories are formed by creating pathways in the brain that are easily reenervated. These pathways are maintained by what chemical?
- A.
Glutamate
- B.
GABA
- C.
RTSbeta
- D.
PKMzeta
Correct Answer
D. PKMzeta -
- 20.
______ primarily inhibits while ______ primarily excites.
- A.
GABA; Glutamate
- B.
Glutamate; GABA
- C.
5-HT; Acetlycholine
- D.
Acetlycholine; 5-HT
Correct Answer
A. GABA; Glutamate -
- 21.
Glutamate is not introduced into the brain via an uptake method.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 22.
Generally speaking, there are how many mechanisms used in the brain to terminate neurotransmitter responses in the synaptic cleft?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
The basic mechanisms are reuptake into the neuron and degradation with enzymes.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Schizophrenia is a neuroconnective disorder that involves which of the following transmitters?
- A.
Dopamine
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Glutamate
- D.
GABA
Correct Answer(s)
A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Glutamate
D. GABA -
- 24.
E.B. presents to the clinic after an encounter with the police. Accounts of the arrest mentioned that she was running away from aliens down Forbes Ave, terrified that they would “floop her lobes”. During the interview, she was very difficult to orient to the speaker and constantly cast her eyes up to the ceiling as if she could hear something above her. She mentions that she has spent the last week living out of her car in an abandoned parking lot, hiding from anyone who could be “working with them”. Is E.B. diagnosable for schizophrenia and what symptoms does she exhibit?
- A.
Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia
- B.
No, this is not diagnosable as schizophrenia
- C.
Hallucination
- D.
Delusion
- E.
Disorganized speech
- F.
Psychomotor agitation
- G.
Alogia
- H.
Anhedonia
- I.
Avolition
- J.
Asociality
Correct Answer(s)
A. Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia
C. Hallucination
D. Delusion
E. Disorganized speech
J. Asociality -
- 25.
F.F. is a young man who has voluntarily committed himself to the mental health service for evaluation. During an interview, he flatly states that he just doesn’t see the point of doing anything. His interest in his school work has fallen off dramatically, as has any enjoyment he once had from his hobbies. This has been going on for over a month, ever since he heard his bicycle tell him he was worthless. He sold the bike shortly thereafter. Is F.F. diagnosable for schizophrenia and what symptoms does he exhibit?
- A.
Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia
- B.
No, this is not diagnosable as schizophrenia
- C.
Hallucination
- D.
Delusion
- E.
Disorganized speech
- F.
Psychomotor agitation
- G.
Alogia
- H.
Anhedonia
- I.
Avolition
- J.
Asociality
Correct Answer(s)
A. Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia
C. Hallucination
G. Alogia
H. Anhedonia
I. Avolition -
- 26.
T.Y. is being seen in the ER after coming in hysterical an hour before. During her ravings it is found that she fears that several large shadowy figures have been following her around to various bars all night and sending bats to fly into her hair. Cocaine residue was found in a small bag in her purse. Is T.Y. diagnosable for schizophrenia and what symptoms does she exhibit?
- A.
No, this is not diagnosable as schizophrenia
- B.
Yes, this is diagnosable as schizophrenia
- C.
Hallucination
- D.
Delusion
- E.
Disorganized speech
- F.
Psychomotor agitation
- G.
Alogia
- H.
Anhedonia
- I.
Avolition
- J.
Asociality
Correct Answer(s)
A. No, this is not diagnosable as schizophrenia
C. Hallucination
D. Delusion -
- 27.
Schizophrenia appears to have _______ genetic component and occurs _________
- A.
A strong; equally among genders
- B.
A minor; more frequently among men than women
- C.
A strong; more frequently among men than women
- D.
A minor; equally among genders
Correct Answer
A. A strong; equally among genders -
- 28.
Anatomical findings in schizophrenia include ______ size of ventricles and _____ hippocampal volume
- A.
Decreased; increased
- B.
Increased; decreased
- C.
Increased; increased
- D.
Decreased; decreased
Correct Answer
B. Increased; decreased -
- 29.
I am the drug that first revolutionized antipsychotic therapy in 1954. My use was discovered by a surgeon looking to reduce the shock of anaesthesia. Having tried different antihistamines, I stood out to him as having the potential for use in psychiatry. I am a member of the class of phenothiazines, making me a classical (or typical/first-generation) antipsychotic.
- A.
Haloperidol
- B.
Clozapine
- C.
Chlorpromazine
- D.
Fluphenazine
Correct Answer
C. Chlorpromazine -
- 30.
I am the first alternative to phenothiazines for the treatment of schizophrenia. I am more potent than chlorpromazine. Unlike thioxanthenes, I am structurally unrelated to phenothiazines but have similar pharmacological action and side effects. I am a member of the butyrophenones. What drug am I?
- A.
Haloperidol
- B.
Clozapine
- C.
Chlorpromazine
- D.
Fluphenazine
Correct Answer
A. Haloperidol -
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