NCLEX Preparation Examination: Cardiology

Bradycardia is the correct answer because it refers to a sinus rhythm that is under 60 beats per minute. Sinus rhythm is the normal electrical activity of the heart, and when it is slower than the normal range, it is called bradycardia. Tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation all refer to abnormal heart rhythms that are characterized by a faster heart rate, while a pacemaker is a medical device used to regulate the heart's rhythm.

Tachycardia is a term used to describe a rhythm that is over 100 beats per minute. It is a condition where the heart beats faster than normal, which can be caused by various factors such as stress, exercise, or certain medical conditions. Tachycardia can lead to symptoms like palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath. It is important to diagnose and treat tachycardia to prevent complications and manage any underlying causes.

Sinus rhythm is considered the most normal rhythm because it originates from the sinus node, the natural pacemaker of the heart. It has a regular rate and rhythm, with a normal heart rate between 60-100 beats per minute. Sinus rhythm indicates that the electrical signals in the heart are being conducted normally, allowing for efficient pumping of blood throughout the body.

Yes it is irregular! In atrial fibrillation, the atrium is quivering.

Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer because it is a rhythm disorder characterized by rapid and irregular firing of multiple foci in the atrium. This results in a chaotic and disorganized atrial activity, leading to an irregular ventricular response. Ventricular flutter is a rhythm disorder characterized by rapid regular atrial activity and a regular ventricular response. Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening rhythm disorder characterized by chaotic and disorganized ventricular activity. Atrial flutter is a rhythm disorder characterized by a rapid regular atrial activity. Sinus with PACs refers to a normal sinus rhythm with premature atrial contractions.

Asystole is the most deadly rhythm because it represents the complete absence of electrical activity in the heart. It is a flatline on an ECG, indicating that the heart is not contracting and there is no blood flow to the body. Without immediate intervention, such as CPR and defibrillation, asystole can lead to cardiac arrest and death. Fine and coarse ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, and sinus bradycardia are all abnormal heart rhythms, but they still have some electrical activity and can be treated more effectively than asystole.

No they are not! It is just like an agonal rhythm. An agonal rhythm is the end of life rhythm, and it is sometimes 15 beats per minute. V-Standstills are about 25-40 beats per minute.

Some people might say Fibrillations because in V Fib it is wide.

Sinus tachycardia is a condition where the heart beats faster than normal due to increased electrical activity in the sinus node. Adenosine is a medication commonly used to treat this condition. It works by slowing down the electrical conduction in the heart, helping to restore a normal heart rhythm. A small dose of adenosine is recommended because it can effectively slow down the heart rate without causing significant side effects. Epi, daltism, kilograms of atropine, and 8 mgs of sever are not appropriate treatments for sinus tachycardia.

V-Tach, or ventricular tachycardia, is a rapid and abnormal heart rhythm that originates from the ventricles. If left untreated, V-Tach can degenerate into a more chaotic rhythm called V-Fib, or ventricular fibrillation. V-Fib is a life-threatening condition where the ventricles quiver instead of pumping blood effectively. It can lead to cardiac arrest and requires immediate medical intervention, such as defibrillation, to restore a normal heart rhythm. Therefore, V-Tach can convert to V-Fib if not treated promptly.

In the case of stable V-Tach, the recommended course of action is to use medications and synchronized cardioversion. Medications can help stabilize the heart rhythm and prevent further complications. Synchronized cardioversion is a procedure that delivers a controlled electric shock to the heart at a specific time during the cardiac cycle, aiming to restore a normal rhythm. This combination of medication and synchronized cardioversion can effectively treat stable V-Tach and restore a normal heart rhythm.

Atrial flutter is a rhythm in which there is one fulgi firing rapidly in the atrium. This results in a fast and regular heart rate. Atrial fibrillation, on the other hand, is a rhythm in which there are multiple rapid and irregular firings in the atrium. Ventricular tachycardia is a rhythm that originates in the ventricles and is characterized by a fast heart rate. Ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation are both life-threatening rhythms that occur in the ventricles.

In the case of a patient with pulseless ventricular tachycardia (V-tach), the first step is to perform defibrillation. Defibrillation is a high-energy shock delivered to the heart to stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the heart to reestablish a normal rhythm. The initial recommended energy for defibrillation in this scenario is 200J. This is done to restore a normal heart rhythm and potentially save the patient's life.

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The correct answers for irregular rhythms are Torsades de Pointes, Atrial Flutter, Atrial Fibrillation, Sinus Rhythm with PACs, Sinus Rhythm with Couplet, V-Fib, and VT. These rhythms are considered irregular because they deviate from the normal sinus rhythm, which is a regular rhythm.