Maternal And Child Health Nursing NCLEX Quiz

1. The amniotic fluid of a client has a greenish tint. The nurse interprets this to be the result of ______.

Lanugo

Hydramnios

Meconium

Vernix

The greenish tint in the amniotic fluid indicates the presence of meconium. Meconium is the first stool passed by a newborn, consisting of materials ingested during fetal development. Its presence in the amniotic fluid can be a sign of fetal distress or an indication that the baby has had a bowel movement before birth. This can be a cause for concern as it may lead to respiratory problems for the newborn if it is aspirated into the lungs.

Explanation

The greenish tint in the amniotic fluid indicates the presence of meconium. Meconium is the first stool passed by a newborn, consisting of materials ingested during fetal development. Its presence in the amniotic fluid can be a sign of fetal distress or an indication that the baby has had a bowel movement before birth. This can be a cause for concern as it may lead to respiratory problems for the newborn if it is aspirated into the lungs.

2. A patient is in labor and is told that she has a breech presentation. The nurse should be particularly alert for:

Quickening

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Pica

Prolapsed umbilical cord

In a breech presentation, the baby's buttocks or feet are positioned to come out first instead of the head. This increases the risk of complications during delivery, including a prolapsed umbilical cord. A prolapsed umbilical cord occurs when the cord slips through the cervix before the baby, cutting off the baby's oxygen supply. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent harm to the baby. Therefore, the nurse should be particularly alert for signs of a prolapsed umbilical cord in a patient with a breech presentation.

Explanation

In a breech presentation, the baby's buttocks or feet are positioned to come out first instead of the head. This increases the risk of complications during delivery, including a prolapsed umbilical cord. A prolapsed umbilical cord occurs when the cord slips through the cervix before the baby, cutting off the baby's oxygen supply. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent harm to the baby. Therefore, the nurse should be particularly alert for signs of a prolapsed umbilical cord in a patient with a breech presentation.

3. When describing dizygotic twins to a couple, the nurse would base the explanation on:

Two ova fertilized by separate sperm

Sharing of a common placenta

Each ova with the same genotype

Sharing of a common chorion

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, occur when two separate eggs (ova) are fertilized by two separate sperm. This means that each twin has its own genetic makeup and can be of different sexes. Unlike identical twins, who share the same placenta and chorion, dizygotic twins have separate placentas and may or may not share a chorion.

Explanation

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, occur when two separate eggs (ova) are fertilized by two separate sperm. This means that each twin has its own genetic makeup and can be of different sexes. Unlike identical twins, who share the same placenta and chorion, dizygotic twins have separate placentas and may or may not share a chorion.

4. While explaining a group of adolescents about male hormone production, which of the following would the nurse include as being produced by the Leydig cells?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Testosterone

Luteinizing hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells. Leydig cells are located in the testes and are responsible for the production of testosterone, which is the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testes and prostate, as well as in the development of secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and deepening of the voice. It also stimulates sperm production and is involved in regulating libido and mood in males.

Explanation

Testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells. Leydig cells are located in the testes and are responsible for the production of testosterone, which is the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testes and prostate, as well as in the development of secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and deepening of the voice. It also stimulates sperm production and is involved in regulating libido and mood in males.

5. The fetal head is in ________ positions with a face presentation.

Completely flexed

Completely extended

Partially extended

Partially flexed

The correct answer is "Completely extended." In a face presentation, the fetal head is fully extended, meaning that the chin is lifted towards the chest and the face is presenting. This position is different from a vertex presentation, where the fetal head is completely flexed, with the chin tucked towards the chest. The terms "partially extended" and "partially flexed" suggest that the head is in an intermediate position between complete extension and complete flexion, which is not the case in a face presentation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Completely extended." In a face presentation, the fetal head is fully extended, meaning that the chin is lifted towards the chest and the face is presenting. This position is different from a vertex presentation, where the fetal head is completely flexed, with the chin tucked towards the chest. The terms "partially extended" and "partially flexed" suggest that the head is in an intermediate position between complete extension and complete flexion, which is not the case in a face presentation.

6. _______ refers to the single cell that reproduces itself after conception.

Chromosome

Blastocyst

Zygote

Trophoblast

A zygote refers to the single cell that reproduces itself after conception. After fertilization, when the sperm and egg combine, they form a zygote. The zygote then undergoes multiple cell divisions, leading to the formation of an embryo. The zygote contains all the genetic information necessary for the development of a new individual.

Explanation

A zygote refers to the single cell that reproduces itself after conception. After fertilization, when the sperm and egg combine, they form a zygote. The zygote then undergoes multiple cell divisions, leading to the formation of an embryo. The zygote contains all the genetic information necessary for the development of a new individual.

7. With a fetus in the left anterior breech presentation. the nurse would expect the fetal heart rate would be most audible at which place?

Above the maternal umbilicus and to the right of midline

In the lower-left maternal abdominal quadrant

In the lower-right maternal abdominal quadrant

Above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of midline

In a fetus with a left anterior breech presentation, the position of the fetal heart rate would be most audible above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of midline. This is because the fetus's back is on the left side of the mother's abdomen, and the heart is located towards the left side. Therefore, the sound of the fetal heart rate would be most clearly heard in this location.

Explanation

In a fetus with a left anterior breech presentation, the position of the fetal heart rate would be most audible above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of midline. This is because the fetus's back is on the left side of the mother's abdomen, and the heart is located towards the left side. Therefore, the sound of the fetal heart rate would be most clearly heard in this location.

8. A patient has a mid pelvic contracture from a previous pelvic injury due to a motor vehicle accident as a teenager. The nurse is aware that this could prevent a fetus from passing through or around the _________ structure during childbirth.

Symphysis pubis

Sacral promontory

Ischial spines

Pubic arch

The ischial spines are bony prominences located in the pelvis. If a patient has a mid pelvic contracture, it means that there is a narrowing or restriction in the mid pelvis due to a previous pelvic injury. This narrowing could potentially obstruct the passage of a fetus during childbirth. Therefore, the nurse is aware that the ischial spines could be a structure that the fetus may not be able to pass through or around.

Explanation

The ischial spines are bony prominences located in the pelvis. If a patient has a mid pelvic contracture, it means that there is a narrowing or restriction in the mid pelvis due to a previous pelvic injury. This narrowing could potentially obstruct the passage of a fetus during childbirth. Therefore, the nurse is aware that the ischial spines could be a structure that the fetus may not be able to pass through or around.

9. If you're teaching a group of adolescents about variations in the length of the menstrual cycle, you'll tell them that the underlying mechanism is due to variations in _____ phases.

Menstrual phase

Proliferative phase

Secretory phase

Ischemic phase

The correct answer is the proliferative phase. During the menstrual cycle, the proliferative phase is the phase in which the lining of the uterus starts to thicken and rebuild after the shedding of the previous menstrual phase. This phase is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels and the development of the endometrium, preparing the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. The length of the proliferative phase can vary among individuals, leading to variations in the overall length of the menstrual cycle.

Explanation

The correct answer is the proliferative phase. During the menstrual cycle, the proliferative phase is the phase in which the lining of the uterus starts to thicken and rebuild after the shedding of the previous menstrual phase. This phase is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels and the development of the endometrium, preparing the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. The length of the proliferative phase can vary among individuals, leading to variations in the overall length of the menstrual cycle.

10. During the late 1950s, consumers and health care professionals began challenging the routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. Which of the following option was considered as an outgrowth of this concept?

Labor. delivery. recovery. postpartum (LDRP)

Nurse-midwifery

Clinical nurse specialist

Prepared childbirth

During the late 1950s, there was a growing concern among consumers and healthcare professionals about the routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. This led to the concept of prepared childbirth, which emphasized natural and non-medicated methods of pain management and childbirth. Prepared childbirth aimed to empower women and provide them with education and techniques to cope with labor and delivery without relying heavily on medications. It was a response to the increasing demand for a more natural and holistic approach to childbirth.

Explanation

During the late 1950s, there was a growing concern among consumers and healthcare professionals about the routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. This led to the concept of prepared childbirth, which emphasized natural and non-medicated methods of pain management and childbirth. Prepared childbirth aimed to empower women and provide them with education and techniques to cope with labor and delivery without relying heavily on medications. It was a response to the increasing demand for a more natural and holistic approach to childbirth.