NCCT - Medical Procedures - Part B - Patient Examination & Clincal Skills

To measure blood pressure, a medical assistant will need a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer. A stethoscope is used to listen to the sounds of blood flow in the arteries, while a sphygmomanometer is used to measure the pressure in the arteries. These two tools are essential for accurately measuring blood pressure. A thermometer is used to measure body temperature and is not necessary for measuring blood pressure. A mercury manometer is a type of sphygmomanometer and is not needed in addition to a stethoscope. Cleaning the area first is important for hygiene purposes but is not directly related to measuring blood pressure.

Respiration is the correct answer because it refers to the process of inhaling and exhaling, which is essential for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Temperature, pulse, and coughing are not related to the process of breathing.

The radial pulse is located in the wrist. This is because the radial artery, which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the hand and fingers, can be felt by placing two fingers on the radial artery on the wrist. Monitoring the radial pulse is a common method to assess heart rate and rhythm, as well as to evaluate the overall cardiovascular health of an individual.

Catheterization is the correct answer because it refers to the process of inserting a catheter, a thin tube, into a body cavity or blood vessel for various purposes such as draining urine, delivering medication, or monitoring blood pressure. This procedure is commonly performed in medical settings and is used to provide necessary medical interventions or diagnostic tests.

Any abnormal measurement of vital signs should be immediately reported to the doctor because they are the healthcare professional responsible for diagnosing and treating medical conditions. The doctor has the knowledge and expertise to interpret the abnormal measurement and determine the appropriate course of action. They can provide guidance on further tests, medications, or interventions that may be necessary to address the abnormality and ensure the patient's well-being. The nurse or orderly may assist in communicating the information to the doctor, but ultimately, the doctor is the one who needs to be informed and involved in the decision-making process.

Any abnormal measurement of vital signs should be immediately reported to the physician because they are the medical professional responsible for diagnosing and treating the patient. The physician is trained to interpret the significance of abnormal vital signs and can take appropriate action to address any potential health concerns. The receptionist may not have the medical knowledge to understand the significance of abnormal measurements, and the chart is a record-keeping tool that does not have the ability to respond to abnormal vital signs.

Diastolic pressure refers to the lowest pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. This is the time when the heart relaxes and fills with blood. During this phase, the blood vessels are able to expand and receive blood from the heart. Therefore, diastolic pressure is the correct answer as it accurately describes the lowest pressure in the cardiovascular system.

An electronic thermometer can measure body temperature quickly, typically within 2 to 60 seconds. This is because electronic thermometers use sensors to detect and measure body heat, providing a faster and more accurate reading compared to traditional mercury thermometers. The wide range of 2 to 60 seconds allows for variations in the individual's body temperature and the specific electronic thermometer being used.

The balance between the heat produced and the heat lost is crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment in the body. This balance is regulated by the body's thermoregulatory system, which helps to maintain a constant body temperature. When the body produces more heat than it loses, the body temperature increases, and when the body loses more heat than it produces, the body temperature decreases. Therefore, body temperature is the correct answer as it accurately represents the balance between heat production and heat loss in the body.

The correct answer is axillary. Axillary temperature is measured under the arm of a patient using a thermometer. This method is commonly used to measure body temperature, especially in infants and young children. It is a convenient and non-invasive way to monitor body temperature, as it does not require insertion of a thermometer into the mouth or rectum.

Persistent increased systolic and diastolic pressures are indicative of hypertension. Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high blood pressure levels. It is a chronic condition that can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. Therefore, the correct answer is hypertension.

All of the given options (vomiting, headache, confusion) can be clinical signs of a head injury. Vomiting can occur due to increased pressure in the brain, headache is a common symptom of head injuries, and confusion can result from damage to the brain. Therefore, all of the provided answers are correct in identifying clinical signs of a head injury.

The bottom number when measuring blood pressure is called diastolic pressure. Diastolic pressure represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. It is an important indicator of the health of the cardiovascular system and can help diagnose conditions such as hypertension. Systolic pressure, on the other hand, refers to the top number and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting and pumping blood. Air pressure and water pressure are not relevant to measuring blood pressure.

The systolic blood pressure is recorded as the point where the first sound is heard. This is because the first sound, known as the Korotkoff sound, is produced when blood starts flowing through the partially occluded artery during the release of pressure from the cuff. The systolic pressure represents the maximum pressure exerted on the arterial walls during each heartbeat, and it is typically higher than the diastolic pressure, which is recorded as the point where the last sound is heard.

All answers are correct. When measuring blood pressure, the cuff should be applied to the bare upper arm to ensure accurate readings. The room should be quiet so that the blood pressure sounds can be heard clearly. The sphygmomanometer needs to be clearly visible to allow for easy monitoring and reading of the blood pressure measurements.

When using an autoclave, it is important to fill the water reservoir with distilled water. Distilled water is free from impurities and minerals, which helps to prevent the buildup of limescale and mineral deposits in the autoclave. Using other substances such as alcohol, oil, or autoclave fluid can potentially damage the autoclave or contaminate the items being sterilized. Distilled water ensures that the autoclave operates efficiently and effectively, providing a safe and sterile environment for sterilizing equipment and instruments.

The blood pressure should not be taken on an arm if the patient has had breast surgery on that side, if there is an IV infusion in that arm, or if there is a cast on that arm. All of these conditions can affect the accuracy of the blood pressure reading and may cause discomfort or harm to the patient. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct.

The correct answer is "STETHOSCOPE". When listening to the brachial pulse, a stethoscope is used. A stethoscope is a medical instrument that allows healthcare professionals to listen to internal sounds of the body, such as the heartbeat or pulse. It consists of two earpieces connected to a chest piece that amplifies the sound. Using a stethoscope, the brachial pulse, which is the pulse felt in the upper arm, can be easily heard and monitored.

The third degree burn is the most serious degree of burn. It involves damage to all layers of the skin, including the underlying tissues. This type of burn can result in the destruction of nerve endings, making it less painful initially. Third degree burns often require medical intervention, such as skin grafts, and can have long-term complications, including scarring and loss of function.

A normal adult respiration rate per minute is considered to be between 14 to 20 breaths. This range is considered normal because it indicates that the individual is breathing at a steady and healthy rate. A respiration rate below or above this range may indicate an underlying health condition or distress in the respiratory system. Therefore, 14 to 20 breaths per minute is the correct answer for a normal adult respiration rate.

A medical assistant would measure the patient's temperature, pulse, and respiration when the physician asks him or her to take vital signs. Taking vital signs is a routine part of a physical examination and involves measuring these three parameters to assess the patient's overall health and well-being. By measuring the temperature, pulse, and respiration, the medical assistant can provide important information to the physician about the patient's current condition and any potential abnormalities that may require further evaluation or treatment.

A rubber or plastic tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body opening is called a catheter.

The correct answer is LITHOTOMY POSITION. In the lithotomy position, the patient is lying on her back with her feet in stirrups. This position is commonly used for gynecological examinations, childbirth, and certain surgical procedures involving the lower abdomen or genitals. It provides optimal access and visibility to the pelvic area for the healthcare provider.

Tachypnea is the correct answer because it refers to a respiratory rate greater than 24 breaths per minute. This condition is often associated with rapid shallow breathing and can be caused by various factors such as fever, anxiety, or certain medical conditions. Apnea refers to the absence of breathing, hypoventilation refers to a decreased rate or depth of breathing, and bradypnea refers to a respiratory rate that is slower than normal.

An apical pulse is the method of choice for infants and young children because it provides a more accurate assessment of their heart rate. The apical pulse is taken by listening to the heartbeat with a stethoscope placed over the apex of the heart, which is located on the left side of the chest. This method is preferred for infants and young children because their chest walls are thinner and their heart rates can be more difficult to accurately measure using other methods such as radial pulse.

An otoscope is a medical instrument specifically designed for examining the ears. It is used by healthcare professionals to look inside the ear canal and eardrum to diagnose and monitor conditions such as infections, blockages, or abnormalities. The otoscope consists of a light source and a magnifying lens, allowing the examiner to get a clear view of the ear's internal structures. By using an otoscope, healthcare providers can assess the health of the ears and determine appropriate treatment if necessary.

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most accurate and reliable method for measuring body temperature. This is because the rectal thermometer is inserted into the rectum, which is close to the body's core and provides a more accurate reflection of internal temperature. Rectal measurements are commonly used in medical settings, especially for infants and young children, as it gives a more precise indication of body temperature and helps in diagnosing and monitoring illnesses. However, it may not be suitable for all individuals or situations, and other methods like oral, axillary, or nasal temperature measurements may be used as alternatives.

Palpation refers to the act of using fingers or hands to feel and assess the physical characteristics of tissues or organs. It is a common technique used by physicians to gather information about the condition of a patient's body. Auscultation involves listening to internal body sounds, percussion is the act of tapping on the body to assess the underlying structures, and measuring refers to the act of quantifying or determining the size or amount of something. However, in this context, the most appropriate term is palpation as it specifically involves the sense of touch to assess the physical characteristics of tissues or organs.

The correct answer is ophthalmoscope. An ophthalmoscope is a medical instrument used to examine the eyes. It allows doctors to view the interior structures of the eye, such as the retina and optic nerve. By using an ophthalmoscope, healthcare professionals can diagnose and monitor various eye conditions and diseases, including glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. The other options listed, such as stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, and otoscope, are used to examine other parts of the body and are not specifically designed for eye examinations.

When a patient's feet are placed in stirrups and the buttocks are positioned at the edge of the exam table, the patient is in the lithotomy position. This position is commonly used in gynecological and urological exams or procedures. In the lithotomy position, the patient lies on their back with their legs raised and supported by stirrups, allowing better access to the genital and pelvic areas for examination or treatment.

When a patient is positioned on the abdomen, with the arms under the head and the head turned to one side, the patient is in the prone position. The prone position refers to lying face down with the front of the body facing the surface. This position is often used for surgeries or procedures involving the back, spine, or lower extremities.

When the patient kneels and places his/her head and chest on the table with buttocks elevated, it is called the knee-chest position.

Hot water should not be used to clean a glass thermometer because the sudden change in temperature can cause the glass to expand and potentially break. Glass thermometers are sensitive to extreme temperature changes, and using hot water can damage the thermometer and render it inaccurate. It is recommended to clean a glass thermometer with either cold water or alcohol, as they are less likely to cause any damage to the thermometer.

When the heart is contracting, it exerts force on the blood, causing the pressure to increase. This increased pressure is known as systolic pressure. It is the highest pressure in the arteries during each heartbeat and represents the force exerted when the heart pumps blood into the circulatory system. Diastolic pressure, on the other hand, refers to the lowest pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest and filling with blood. Air pressure and high pressure are not relevant in this context.

Percussion is the correct answer because it refers to the act of tapping the patient's body with fingers in order to produce sounds. This technique is commonly used by doctors to assess the condition of internal organs by listening to the different sounds produced. Audition, auditive, and propitiation are unrelated terms and do not accurately describe the action of tapping the patient with fingers to produce sounds.

The visual acuity reading of 20/60 indicates that the patient can see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 60 feet. Therefore, the 20 in the visual acuity reading represents the distance between the patient and the test chart.

A tuning fork is a tool used to test auditory and sensory perception. It produces a pure tone when struck against a surface, and this tone can be used to assess a person's ability to hear and perceive sound. It is commonly used in medical examinations to check for hearing loss and to evaluate the function of the auditory system. The other options, such as a percussion hammer, tape measure, and speculum, are not specifically designed for auditory and sensory perception testing.

When the depth of breathing changes and the rate of the rise and fall of the chest is not steady, it is called irregular respiration. This means that the person's breathing pattern is inconsistent, with varying depths and rates of breaths. It may be caused by certain medical conditions or abnormalities in the respiratory system. Abdominal respiration refers to breathing that primarily involves the movement of the abdomen, while stertorous respiration refers to noisy or snoring breathing. Shallow respiration, on the other hand, refers to breathing with reduced depth.

The correct answer is SUPINE because lying flat on one's back with arms at one's side describes the supine position. The term "supine" specifically refers to the position of the body when lying face up with the back resting on a flat surface. This position is commonly used in medical settings for examinations or procedures.

The least reliable measurement of body temperature is the axillary method. This is because axillary measurements, which involve placing a thermometer in the armpit, are more prone to errors and inaccuracies compared to rectal or oral measurements. Axillary measurements can be affected by factors such as improper placement of the thermometer, clothing interference, and external temperature variations, leading to less accurate readings. Rectal and oral measurements are generally considered more reliable as they provide a closer approximation of core body temperature.

When taking the pulse, it is important to be able to report accurately the rhythm of pulse beats, the rate (number of pulse beats per minute), and the force of the beat. All of these factors are crucial in determining the overall health and functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Shallow respiration refers to breathing that is primarily using the upper part of the lungs, resulting in reduced depth and volume of breaths. This can be caused by various factors such as pain, anxiety, or restrictive lung diseases. It is characterized by rapid, shallow breaths that do not fully expand the lungs.

The main type of sphygmomanometers used in a clinical setting is the aneroid type. Aneroid sphygmomanometers use a dial or gauge to measure blood pressure. They are commonly used due to their portability, accuracy, and ease of use. Unlike mercury type sphygmomanometers, aneroid sphygmomanometers do not contain mercury, making them safer and more environmentally friendly. Alcohol type sphygmomanometers are not commonly used in clinical settings as they are less accurate and can be more difficult to read. Therefore, the correct answer is aneroid type.

A stethoscope is a medical instrument used by healthcare professionals to listen to body sounds such as heartbeats, lung sounds, and bowel sounds. This is done through a process called auscultation, where the healthcare professional places the stethoscope on the patient's chest or back and listens for any abnormal sounds or patterns. Percussion is a different technique used to tap on the body to produce sounds, while audiometry is the measurement of hearing ability, and proprioceptor ideaul is not a recognized term or concept in the medical field.

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The correct answer is DORSAL RECUMBENT. The term "dorsal recumbent" refers to lying on the back with the knees sharply flexed and separated. This position is commonly used in medical settings for various procedures and examinations. The other options, prone, knee chest, and supine, do not accurately describe the specified position.

A history & physical examination report includes information relating to the patient's main reason for scheduling an appointment to see the physician. This report typically includes details about the patient's medical history, current symptoms, and physical examination findings. It helps the physician in assessing the patient's condition, making a diagnosis, and developing a treatment plan.

Stertorous respiration refers to the abnormal noises made by a patient while breathing, such as snoring sounds. Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a specific pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of shallow, slow breathing or temporary cessation of breathing. Irregular respiration refers to breathing that is not consistent or regular. Abdominal respiration refers to the use of the abdominal muscles for breathing instead of the diaphragm. Therefore, stertorous respiration is the correct answer as it specifically describes the abnormal noises made during breathing.