National Diploma In Ambulance Practice: Heart Function Quiz.

The statement is true because the Aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. From the Aorta, blood is distributed to various organs and tissues through smaller arteries and capillaries in the circulatory system. This process ensures that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to all cells in the body, while waste products are carried away for elimination.

The accelerator nerves are indeed part of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic branch is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which includes increasing heart rate and blood pressure. The accelerator nerves specifically play a role in increasing heart rate by stimulating the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Therefore, the statement is true.

The vagus nerves are indeed part of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic branch is responsible for controlling rest and digest functions, such as slowing heart rate, stimulating digestion, and promoting relaxation. The vagus nerves play a crucial role in this branch by innervating many organs in the body, including the heart, lungs, and digestive system. Therefore, it is correct to say that the vagus nerves are part of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

The aortic valve is responsible for allowing oxygenated blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From there, the blood is distributed to the rest of the body. This statement is true because the aortic valve plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow and ensuring that oxygenated blood reaches all parts of the body.

Deoxygenated blood arrives at the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The pulmonary arteries branch out into smaller vessels called arterioles, which then lead to the capillaries in the lungs. In the capillaries, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide, and the oxygenated blood is then carried back to the heart through the pulmonary veins. Therefore, the correct answer is Pulmonary Arteries.

The pulmonary valve is responsible for regulating the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. These arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where it can receive oxygen. Therefore, the statement that the pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries is true.

Diastole refers to the relaxation of the cardiac muscle. During diastole, the heart muscles relax and the chambers of the heart fill with blood. This is an important phase of the cardiac cycle as it allows the heart to rest and refill with oxygenated blood before the next contraction (systole) occurs.

The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction. This valve consists of three leaflets or cusps, hence the name "tricuspid." When the atrium contracts, the valve opens, allowing blood to flow into the ventricle. When the ventricle contracts, the valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the atrium. Therefore, the statement that the tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle is true.

Systole refers to the contraction of the cardiac muscle. During systole, the heart muscle contracts, pushing blood out of the chambers and into the arteries. This contraction is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. It is an essential part of the cardiac cycle and plays a crucial role in maintaining proper blood circulation.

The correct answer is 60-100 bpm. This range is considered to be a normal heart rate for an adult at rest. It indicates that the heart is functioning properly and pumping an adequate amount of blood throughout the body. A heart rate below 60 bpm may indicate bradycardia, while a heart rate above 100 bpm may indicate tachycardia.

The right atrium contracts and blood flows through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle and it prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium when the heart contracts.

The correct answer is that the Tricuspid Valve closes, the pulmonary valve opens, and blood flows through the pulmonary trunk and into the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. This is the correct sequence of events during the contraction of the right ventricle. The Tricuspid Valve prevents the backflow of blood into the right atrium, while the opening of the pulmonary valve allows blood to be pumped into the pulmonary trunk and then into the pulmonary arteries, which carry oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

The given statement is false. The mitral, or bicuspid valve, actually allows oxygenated blood from the lungs to pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle. It prevents the backflow of blood into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts.

The statement is incorrect. Once the blood has been re-oxygenated, it travels back to the heart via the pulmonary veins, not the Aorta. The Aorta is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

When the Left Ventricle contracts, the bicuspid valve closes to prevent the backflow of blood into the Left Atrium. At the same time, the contraction forces the blood to flow into the Aortic valve and into the Aorta, which is the main artery of the body. This allows the oxygenated blood to be distributed to the rest of the body for various physiological processes.

A normal heart rate for a newborn can range between 120 to 180 beats per minute (bpm). This range is considered normal because newborns have a faster heart rate compared to adults. The heart rate can vary within this range depending on the baby's activity level, crying, or sleeping. It is important to monitor the heart rate of a newborn to ensure that it falls within this normal range as any significant deviation may indicate a potential health issue.

The correct answer is the Accelerator and Vagus Nerves. These two nerves are located in the medulla oblongata of the brain and are responsible for modifying the rate and strength of the heart's beating. The Accelerator Nerves increase the heart rate and strength of contraction, while the Vagus Nerves decrease the heart rate and strength of contraction. Together, these two nerves help regulate the overall functioning of the heart.

The correct answer is that the action potential starts at the 'SA node' and travels to the 'AV node' which causes the atrium to contract. The action potential then travels down the 'bundle of his', down the "left and right branches', and onto the 'perjinke fibres', causing the ventricles to contract. This sequence of electrical events ensures coordinated and efficient contraction of the heart, starting from the top chambers (atria) and moving down to the bottom chambers (ventricles). The SA node acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating the electrical signal that triggers each heartbeat. The AV node delays the signal briefly to allow the atria to contract fully before the ventricles contract. The bundle of His and its branches distribute the signal to the ventricles, leading to their contraction.

The correct answer options, Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Cava, both refer to the major veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. The Inferior Vena Cava brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body regions, while the Superior Vena Cava brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body regions. These veins play a crucial role in returning the blood to the heart, where it can then be pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen. The other options, Pulmonary Vein and Aorta, are incorrect as they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

The normal heart rate for a toddler aged 1-4 years is 80-110 bpm. This means that a healthy toddler's heart should beat between 80 to 110 times per minute. Heart rates below or above this range may indicate a potential health issue and should be further evaluated by a healthcare professional.

The correct answer is that the action potential fires at the 'SA node' and travels across the wall of the atrium to the 'AV node', and then the action potential travels slowly through the 'AV node' to give the atria time to contract. This explanation accurately describes the sequence of electrical events that occur within the heart to cause the atria to contract. The SA node initiates the electrical signal, which then spreads across the atrium and reaches the AV node. The AV node acts as a delay, allowing the atria to contract fully before the signal is transmitted to the ventricles.

The normal heart rate for a child over the age of 12 is 60-90 bpm. This range is considered normal because it falls within the typical resting heart rate for children in this age group. A heart rate within this range indicates that the child's heart is functioning efficiently and pumping an adequate amount of blood throughout the body. Heart rates that are too high or too low may be indicative of underlying health issues and should be further evaluated by a healthcare professional.

The correct answer is 100-160 bpm. This range is considered normal for an infant aged 1-12 months. It indicates that the heart is beating at a healthy rate, ensuring proper blood circulation and oxygen supply to the body. A heart rate below 100 bpm or above 160 bpm may indicate a potential health issue and should be evaluated by a medical professional.

The normal heart rate for a child aged 5-12 years is 65-100 beats per minute (bpm). This range indicates the average number of times the heart beats in one minute for a child within this age group. It is important to monitor heart rate as it can be an indicator of overall cardiovascular health. A heart rate below or above this range may indicate a potential health issue and should be further evaluated by a healthcare professional.