Cardiac Diseases Quiz Part I

Cardiac rehabilitation helps the client reach his activity potential. Coronary artery disease, which typically causes an acute MI, is a chronic condition that isn't cured.

For a client with an aneurysm, nursing interventions focus on stabilizing the heart rate and blood pressure, to avoid aneurysm rupture. Easing anxiety also is important because anxiety and increased stimulation may speed the heart rate and boost blood pressure, precipitating aneurysm rupture.

The classic signs and symptoms of pericarditis include fever, positional chest discomfort, nonspecific ST-segment elevation, elevated ESR, and pericardial friction rub.

A nurse certified in basic cardiac life support can assess airway patency.

ATI MS book page 329

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. Common symptoms include substernal pain, friction rubs (a scraping or grating sound heard during auscultation of the heart), and an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count indicating inflammation. Ankle edema, or swelling in the ankles, is not typically associated with pericarditis. Therefore, ankle edema is the only assessment finding that is not commonly seen in pericarditis.

ATI medical surgical book Pg 323

PT determines a client's response to oral anticoagulant therapy.

Pericardiocentesis is the best way to treat cardiac tamponade. This procedure involves inserting a needle or catheter into the pericardial sac to drain excess fluid or blood that is causing compression on the heart. It is a minimally invasive procedure that can quickly relieve symptoms and prevent further complications. Diuretics may be used to manage fluid overload, but they are not effective in treating the underlying cause of cardiac tamponade. Chest tube insertion and paracentesis are not appropriate treatments for cardiac tamponade.

Mitral stenosis, or severe narrowing of the mitral valve, impedes blood flow through the stenotic valve, increasing pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation.

Being 30 years old is the least likely to increase the risk for MI (Myocardial Infarction). MI is more commonly associated with older age, so being younger would decrease the risk. Male gender, being the CEO of a company, and having hypertension (HTN) are all factors that can increase the risk for MI. However, it is important to note that while being 30 years old may decrease the risk, it does not completely eliminate the possibility of MI.

Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, Janeway's lesions (small, painless red spots on the palms and soles), and systemic embolization (when infected material breaks off and travels to other parts of the body). However, a dry, nonproductive cough is not typically associated with endocarditis. Therefore, the correct answer is "Dry, nonproductive cough."

Atrial fibrillation is a common symptom that only occurs with mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation refers to the backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium due to a faulty mitral valve. This regurgitation can cause the atria to become enlarged and stretched, leading to irregular and rapid electrical signals that result in atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is a condition where the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly and rapidly, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. Therefore, mitral regurgitation is the correct answer as it is the only condition mentioned that is associated with atrial fibrillation.

Signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure include dyspnea, orthopnea, JVD, tachycardia, crackles and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; fatigue; nonproductive cough and crackles