Cardiac Diseases Quiz PART I

2.

Atrial fibrillation is a common symptom that only occurs with...

Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation

Correct Answer

A. Mitral regurgitation

Explanation

Atrial fibrillation is a common symptom that only occurs with mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation refers to the backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium due to a faulty mitral valve. This regurgitation can cause the atria to become enlarged and stretched, leading to irregular and rapid electrical signals that result in atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is a condition where the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly and rapidly, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. Therefore, mitral regurgitation is the correct answer as it is the only condition mentioned that is associated with atrial fibrillation.

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2

3.

A client with mitral stenosis is scheduled for mitral valve replacement. Which condition may arise as a complication of mitral stenosis?

Pulmonary hypertension
Left-sided heart failure
MI
Left ventricular hypertrophy

Correct Answer

A. Pulmonary hypertension

Explanation

Mitral stenosis, or severe narrowing of the mitral valve, impedes blood flow through the stenotic valve, increasing pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation.

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1

4.

One of the most common causes of valvular heart disease is...

HTN
Tobacco smoking
Diabetes
Alcoholism

Correct Answer

A. HTN

Explanation

ATI MS book page 329

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0

5.

A client is admitted to the health care facility for treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. When planning this client's care, the nurse formulates interventions with which goal in mind?

Decreasing blood pressure and increasing mobility
Increasing blood pressure and reducing mobility
Stabilizing the heart rate and blood pressure and easing anxiety
Increasing blood pressure and monitoring fluid intake and output

Correct Answer

A. Stabilizing the heart rate and blood pressure and easing anxiety

Explanation

For a client with an aneurysm, nursing interventions focus on stabilizing the heart rate and blood pressure, to avoid aneurysm rupture. Easing anxiety also is important because anxiety and increased stimulation may speed the heart rate and boost blood pressure, precipitating aneurysm rupture.

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6.

The physician orders blood coagulation tests to evaluate a client's blood-clotting ability. The nurse knows that such tests are important in assessing clients at risk for thrombi, such as those with a history of atrial fibrillation, infective endocarditis, prosthetic heart valves, or myocardial infarction. Which test is used to determine a client's response to oral anticoagulant drugs?

Bleeding time
Platelet count
Prothrombin time (PT)
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Correct Answer

A. Prothrombin time (PT)

Explanation

PT determines a client's response to oral anticoagulant therapy.

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7.

The nurse administers basic cardiac life support to a client in cardiac arrest. Which action does the nurse perform?

Assessing the patency of the airway
Administering I.V. medications
Administering a countershock of 200 joules
Breathing for the client after inserting an endotracheal (ET) tube

Correct Answer

A. Assessing the patency of the airway

Explanation

A nurse certified in basic cardiac life support can assess airway patency.

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8.

All are key manifestations of endocarditis EXCEPT?

Janeway's lesion
Fever
Dry, nonproductive cough
Systemic embolization

Correct Answer

A. Dry, nonproductive cough

Explanation

Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, Janeway's lesions (small, painless red spots on the palms and soles), and systemic embolization (when infected material breaks off and travels to other parts of the body). However, a dry, nonproductive cough is not typically associated with endocarditis. Therefore, the correct answer is "Dry, nonproductive cough."

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9.

All are assessment findings of pericarditis EXCEPT?

Ankle edema
Substernal pain
Firction rubs
Elevated WBC count

Correct Answer

A. Ankle edema

Explanation

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. Common symptoms include substernal pain, friction rubs (a scraping or grating sound heard during auscultation of the heart), and an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count indicating inflammation. Ankle edema, or swelling in the ankles, is not typically associated with pericarditis. Therefore, ankle edema is the only assessment finding that is not commonly seen in pericarditis.

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10.

What is the best way to treat cardiac tamponade?

Diuertics
Chest tube
Pericardiocentesis
Paracentesis

Correct Answer

A. Pericardiocentesis

Explanation

Pericardiocentesis is the best way to treat cardiac tamponade. This procedure involves inserting a needle or catheter into the pericardial sac to drain excess fluid or blood that is causing compression on the heart. It is a minimally invasive procedure that can quickly relieve symptoms and prevent further complications. Diuretics may be used to manage fluid overload, but they are not effective in treating the underlying cause of cardiac tamponade. Chest tube insertion and paracentesis are not appropriate treatments for cardiac tamponade.

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11.

Which signs and symptoms are present with a diagnosis of pericarditis?

Fever, chest discomfort, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Low urine output secondary to left ventricular dysfunction
Lethargy, anorexia, and heart failure
Pitting edema, chest discomfort, and nonspecific ST-segment elevation

Correct Answer

A. Fever, chest discomfort, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Explanation

The classic signs and symptoms of pericarditis include fever, positional chest discomfort, nonspecific ST-segment elevation, elevated ESR, and pericardial friction rub.

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12.

The nurse is awaiting the arrival of a client from the emergency department. The client has a left ventricular myocardial infarction and is being admitted. In caring for this client, the nurse should be alert for which signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

Jugular vein distention
Hepatomegaly
Dyspnea
Crackles
Tachycardia

Correct Answer(s)

A. Jugular vein distention
A. Dyspnea
A. Crackles
A. Tachycardia

Explanation

Signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure include dyspnea, orthopnea, JVD, tachycardia, crackles and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; fatigue; nonproductive cough and crackles

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1

13.

Which of the following is least likely to increase the risk for MI

Male gender
Being the CEO of a company
Being 30 y/o
HTN

Correct Answer

A. Being 30 y/o

Explanation

Being 30 years old is the least likely to increase the risk for MI (Myocardial Infarction). MI is more commonly associated with older age, so being younger would decrease the risk. Male gender, being the CEO of a company, and having hypertension (HTN) are all factors that can increase the risk for MI. However, it is important to note that while being 30 years old may decrease the risk, it does not completely eliminate the possibility of MI.

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14.

The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiologist refers him to cardiac rehabilitation. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of cardiac rehabilitation?

"When I finish the rehabilitation program I'll never have to worry about heart trouble again."
"I won't be able to jog again even with rehabilitation."
"Rehabilitation will help me function as well as I physically can."
"I'll get rest during these rehabilitation classes. All I have to do is sit and listen to the instructor."

Correct Answer

A. "Rehabilitation will help me function as well as I physically can."

Explanation

Cardiac rehabilitation helps the client reach his activity potential. Coronary artery disease, which typically causes an acute MI, is a chronic condition that isn't cured.

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3

Cardiac Diseases Quiz Part I

Dyspnea, fatigue, increased pulmonary artery pressure, and decreased cardiac output are indicitive of...

Quiz Preview

Atrial fibrillation is a common symptom that only occurs with...

A client with mitral stenosis is scheduled for mitral valve replacement. Which condition may arise as a complication of mitral stenosis?

One of the most common causes of valvular heart disease is...

A client is admitted to the health care facility for treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. When planning this client's care, the nurse formulates interventions with which goal in mind?

The nurse administers basic cardiac life support to a client in cardiac arrest. Which action does the nurse perform?

All are key manifestations of endocarditis EXCEPT?

All are assessment findings of pericarditis EXCEPT?

What is the best way to treat cardiac tamponade?

Which signs and symptoms are present with a diagnosis of pericarditis?

The nurse is awaiting the arrival of a client from the emergency department. The client has a left ventricular myocardial infarction and is being admitted. In caring for this client, the nurse should be alert for which signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

Which of the following is least likely to increase the risk for MI

The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiologist refers him to cardiac rehabilitation. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of cardiac rehabilitation?