Chapter 17: Function Of The Heart
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Anatomy 2, Chapter 17
- 1.Systole and diastole describe the function of the
- A.
Pericardium
- B.
SA node
- C.
Myocardium
- D.
Mediastinum
- 2.During atrial systole, the
- A.
AV valves are closed
- B.
Ventricles are relaxed
- C.
Ventricles are in systole
- D.
Semilunar valves are open
- 3.What happens during ventricular diastole?
- A.
The ventricles are filling with blood
- B.
All semilunar valves are open
- C.
Both AV valves are closed
- D.
Blood is pumped to the lungs and systemic circulation
- 4.Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a very rapid heart rate?
- A.
Decreased ventricular filling (with blood)
- B.
Failure of the AV valves to open
- C.
Failure of the SA node to fire
- D.
Failure of the cardiac impulse to enter the His-Purkinje system
- 5.Which of the following does not happen to a ventricle?
- A.
Activation of the beta1 adrenergic receptors
- B.
Discharge of sympathetic nerves
- C.
Discharge of the vagal nerve
- D.
Binding of norepinephrine to its receptor
- 6.Which of the following is most likely to relieve an anxiety-induced tachycardia?
- A.
Vagolytic drug
- B.
Beta1 adrenergic agonist
- C.
Sympathomimetic
- D.
Beta1 adrenergic blocker
- 7.Which of the following is responsible for the Starling effect?
- A.
Sympathetic nerve firing
- B.
Vagal discharge
- C.
Activation of the beta1 adrenergic receptors
- D.
End diastolic volume (EDV)
- 8.Which of the following is most likely to increase stroke volume?
- A.
A (+) inotrpic drug
- B.
A vagolytic drug
- C.
A (-) chronotropic drug
- D.
A beta1 adrenergic blocker
- 9.Which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction?
- A.
Activation of beta1 adrenergic receptors
- B.
Vagal discharge
- C.
Blockade of beta1 adrenergic receptors
- D.
Blockade of the muscarinic receptors
- 10.Which of the following is the same as end dialostic volume?
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Preload
- D.
Cardiac reserve
- 11.What terms refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one boat?
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Blood volume
- C.
Hematocrit
- D.
Stroke volume
- 12.Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute?
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Starling's law of the heart
- D.
Inotropic effect
- 13.Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium
- A.
Causes a (+) inotropic effect
- B.
Decreases cardiac output
- C.
Decreases heart rate
- D.
Decreases stroke volume
- 14.
- A.
- 15.Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most likely to cause
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Bradycardia
- C.
Tachycardia
- D.
Anemia
- 16.Which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve?
- A.
"fight or flight"
- B.
Parasympathetic
- C.
Sympathetic
- D.
Adrenergic
- 17.Heart rate and stroke volume determine
- A.
Hemotocrit
- B.
Total blood volume
- C.
Cardiac output
- D.
The size of the heart valves
- 18.A drug (i.e., atropine) that blocks the vagus nerve
- A.
Stops the heart
- B.
Increases the heart rate
- C.
Decreases cardiac output
- D.
Decreases stroke volume
- 19.Activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine
- A.
Increases myocardial contractile force
- B.
Causes a (+) chronotropic effect
- C.
Increases cardiac output
- D.
Slows heart rate
- 20.Decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries is most likely to cause
- A.
Valve damage
- B.
Pulmonary edema
- C.
Angina pectoris
- D.
Bradycardia
- 21.This term refers to a heart rate of fewer that 60 beats/min
- A.
Bradycardia
- B.
Heart block
- C.
Fight-or-flight response
- D.
Tachycardia
- 22.Vagal stimulation on the heart
- A.
Increases the force of myocardial contraction
- B.
Increases the amount of blood that flows into the heart from the vena cava
- C.
Causes tachycardia
- D.
Slows the heart rate
- 23.Which of the following most accurately describes the vagus nerve?
- A.
"fight or flight"
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Parasympathetic
- D.
Causes tachycardia
- 24.What is the term for the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat?
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Cardiac cycle
- D.
Systole
- 25.Which of the following contains 70ml?
- A.
The cardiac output
- B.
The volume of a ventricle
- C.
An average stroke volume
- D.
The amount of blood that flows through the pulmonary capillaries in one minute
- 26.Which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effect?
- A.
Heart block
- B.
A slow heart rate
- C.
A rapid heartbeat
- D.
An increased myocardial contractile force
- 27.Sympathetic stimulation to the heart
- A.
Decreases stroke volume
- B.
Increases heart rate
- C.
Causes bradycardia
- D.
Decreases cardiac output
- 28.Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and
- A.
Systemic vascular resistance
- B.
Stroke volume
- C.
Hematocrit
- D.
Hemoglobin concentration
- 29.What is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart?
- A.
Starling's law of the heart
- B.
A positive inotropic effect
- C.
Heart block
- D.
Angina pectoris
- 30.Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to
- A.
- 31.Which of the following is descriptive of a drug that causes a (+) inotropic effect, a (+) dromotropic effect, and a (+) chronotropic effect?
- A.
Vagomimetic
- B.
Sympathomimetic
- C.
Antimuscarinic
- D.
Parasympatholytic
- 32.Which of the following drugs is sympathomimetic?
- A.
Beta1 adrenergic blocker
- B.
Muscarinic agonist
- C.
Vagolytic
- D.
Beta1 adrenergic agonist
- 33.An increased afterload (e.g., hypertension)
- A.
Is usually caused by arteriolar dilation
- B.
Increases the work of the heart
- C.
Can only occur when preload increases
- D.
Is usually caused by intense parasympathetic (vagal) discharge
- 34.An increased preload
- A.
Decreases cardiac output
- B.
Increases stroke volume
- C.
Increases cardiac reserve
- D.
Increases afterload
- 35.Cardiac output
- A.
Is determined by heart rate and pulse
- B.
Decreases in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation
- C.
Increases in response to vagal discharge
- D.
Is determined by heart rate and stroke volume
- 36.Increased return of the blood to the heart stretches the muscle, thereby
- A.
Stimulating the sympathetic nerve
- B.
Activating the beta1 adenergic receptors
- C.
Closing the AV valves
- D.
Increasing stroke volume
- 37.An ejection fraction of 30% is
- A.
Normal
- B.
Characteristic of a healthy person who is engaged in aerobic exercise
- C.
Characteristic of a failing heart
- D.
The amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood on the left ventricle
- 38.A stenotic aortic valve
- A.
Causes right ventricular hypertrophy and right-sided heart failure
- B.
Increases afterload, thereby increasing the work of the left ventricle
- C.
Causes a right-to-left shunt
- D.
Is a narrowing of the semilunar valve
- 39.Which of the following is the most likely consequence of acute left ventricular failure?
- A.
Jugular vein distention
- B.
Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
- C.
Pulmonary edema
- D.
Pedal edema
- 40.Most of the symptoms of acute left-sided heart failure are
- A.
Relieved by morphine
- B.
Cured by an antibiotic
- C.
Respiratory in nature (e.g., dyspnea, orthopnea)
- D.
Confined to the lower extremities
- 41.Which of the following is an example of forward failure?
- A.
Blood accumulates in the pulmonary capillaries, elevating pressure and causing pulmonary edema
- B.
Diminished renal blood flow stimulates the kidney to decrease urinary output and to retain Na+ and water
- C.
Blood distends the jugular vein
- D.
Blood distends the liver, causing hepatomegaly and digestive symptoms
- 42.Furosemide (Lasix), a potent diuretic, is administered in acute ventricular failure in order to
- A.
Strengthen myocardial contractile force
- B.
Increase plasma k+
- C.
Excrete excess water and relieve the edema
- D.
Relieve pain
- 43.Digoxin, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure, increases contractile force and is therefore called a
- A.
Diuretic
- B.
(+) dromotropic agent
- C.
(+) inotropic agent
- D.
(+) chronotropic agent
- 44.An increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output. This is accomplished by
- A.
A (+) inotropic effect
- B.
Depolarization
- C.
Starling's law of the heart
- D.
A (+) chronotropic effect
- 45.Milliliters/beat x beats/minute defines
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Ejection fraction
- C.
Cardiac reserve
- D.
Cardiac output
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