Test Your Nail Disorders Knowledge

Nail-biting is commonly referred to as onychophagy. This term specifically describes the habit of biting one's nails. Hematoma, on the other hand, refers to a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, which is unrelated to nail-biting. Chomp chomp chomp is not a medical term but rather an onomatopoeic representation of the sound made when someone is biting or chewing. Therefore, the correct answer is onychophagy.

A bulla is indeed a large fluid-filled blister. This is a correct statement as a bulla is a medical term used to describe a blister that is larger than 5mm in diameter and filled with clear fluid. It is often caused by friction, burns, or certain medical conditions. Therefore, the answer "True" accurately reflects the definition of a bulla.

Inflammation of the skin, known as dermatitis, is a commonly occurring condition characterized by redness, swelling, and irritation. It can be caused by various factors such as allergies, irritants, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The statement correctly states that dermatitis is the inflammation of the skin, making the answer "True" accurate.

The correct answer is "epidermis, hypodermis, dermis". The skin is composed of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection against external factors. Beneath the epidermis is the dermis, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles. The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous tissue, is the deepest layer and consists of fat and connective tissue. This layer helps to insulate the body and cushion organs.

A pterygium is a growth of tissue on the surface of the eye that starts on the conjunctiva and may extend onto the cornea. It is commonly referred to as an "overgrowth" because it appears as an abnormal growth of tissue. Therefore, the statement that pterygium is known as an overgrowth of the cuticle is true.

Melanin is the brown colored protein produced by melanocytes. It is responsible for determining the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Melanocytes produce melanin and transfer it to nearby skin cells, giving them their pigmentation. This pigment acts as a natural protection against harmful UV radiation from the sun, helping to prevent damage to the DNA in our skin cells. Melanin production can be influenced by various factors such as genetics, hormones, and exposure to sunlight.

Dermatosis refers to a skin lesion or a group of lesions. Therefore, the statement "dermatOsis is a cutaneOus lesiOn or grOup of lesiOns" is true.

Keratin is a protein that is found in various parts of the body, including hair, skin, and nails. It is a structural protein that provides strength and protection to these tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because keratin forms the major component of hair, skin, and nails.

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes red, itchy, and scaly patches on the skin. It is characterized by an overactive immune system, which leads to the rapid growth of skin cells. This causes the skin to become inflamed, leading to the symptoms of redness and itching. Therefore, it is correct to say that red itchy skin is known as psoriasis.

A target lesion is characterized by a central area that is surrounded by a ring or circle. Therefore, the correct answer is circles.

A patch typically refers to a distinct area where there is a noticeable change in color. It is usually larger in size and has a smooth surface, indicating that the color change is consistent and not uneven or textured. Therefore, the statement that a patch refers to a large area of color change with a smooth surface is true.

Claw-like nails that are thick and curved are known as onycoGRyphosis. This condition is characterized by abnormal nail growth, where the nails become thickened, excessively curved, and resemble claws. Therefore, the statement is true.

Koilonychia is a condition characterized by nails that are brittle, thin, and have a concave shape, with the end of the nail curving upwards. This condition is commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia and can also be caused by other factors such as trauma, fungal infections, or certain underlying medical conditions. Lamellar dystrophy, on the other hand, refers to a group of nail disorders characterized by abnormal nail plate formation, which does not specifically match the description given in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is koilonychia.

Onycholysis refers to the condition where the nail plate becomes detached or loosened from the nail bed. This can result in the nail appearing separated or lifted from the nail bed, often starting from the tip of the nail and progressing towards the base. It can be caused by various factors such as trauma, fungal infections, psoriasis, or certain medications. The term "loosening of the nail" accurately describes the condition of onycholysis.

The arrector pili muscle is responsible for causing the erection of hairs when a person is cold or scared. When this muscle contracts, it causes the hair follicles to stand upright, resulting in the appearance of "goosebumps" on the skin. This response is a reflexive reaction to cold or fear and is part of the body's attempt to conserve heat or appear larger in the face of a perceived threat.

Onychauxis is a condition characterized by the excessive thickening and overgrowth of the nails. The nails appear chalk white and may also exhibit flaking. Therefore, the statement that an overgrowth of nail that looks chalk white and flaking is known as onychauxis is true.

Lesions grouped in a circular distribution refer to annular. This means that the lesions are arranged in a ring-like or circular pattern on the affected area. This can be seen in conditions such as ringworm or erythema annulare centrifugum, where the lesions form a distinct circular shape. Aplasia, on the other hand, refers to the absence or underdevelopment of a tissue or organ. Therefore, in this context, annular is the most appropriate answer.

The correct answer is lesions. A rash refers to a widespread eruption of lesions on the skin. Lesions can include various types of skin abnormalities such as bumps, sores, or blisters. Acne, on the other hand, specifically refers to a skin condition characterized by the presence of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. While acne is a type of skin lesion, it is not the only type, and a rash can consist of various other types of lesions as well.

A serpiginous lesion is indeed in the shape of a snake or serpent. The term "serpiginous" is derived from the Latin word "serpens," which means snake. This type of lesion typically has a winding or curving pattern, resembling the movement of a snake. Therefore, the correct answer is true.

Onychorrhexis refers to the condition where the nail plate becomes fragile and splits. Therefore, the statement that "fragile and split in the nail plate is known as onychorrhexis" is true.

A nodule is the name of a larger and deeper papule. A papule is a small, raised bump on the skin, while a nodule is a larger and deeper version of a papule. Nodules can be caused by various skin conditions, such as acne or dermatitis, and they are usually firm to the touch. Unlike papules, nodules can be more painful and can take longer to heal.

An abscess is a localized collection of pus. Pus is a thick, yellowish fluid that is formed as a result of the body's immune response to an infection. It consists of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris. When an infection occurs, the body sends white blood cells to fight off the infection, and as a result, pus is formed. The collection of pus in a specific area forms an abscess, which can be painful and swollen.

Dermatology is the study of all three: hair, skin, and nails. It is a medical specialty that focuses on diagnosing and treating conditions related to these areas. Dermatologists are trained to identify and treat various skin disorders, hair loss, infections, and nail abnormalities. By studying all aspects of the integumentary system, dermatologists are able to provide comprehensive care for their patients' dermatological needs.

Ulcers are produced by scratching. This statement is true. Scratching can cause damage to the skin, leading to the formation of ulcers. When the skin is scratched, it can break and create an open wound. This can allow bacteria to enter and cause infection, which may result in the development of an ulcer. Additionally, scratching can also irritate the skin and disrupt the natural healing process, further contributing to the formation of ulcers. Therefore, it is important to avoid scratching to prevent the occurrence of ulcers.

Scars occur when ulcers have taken place and are in the process of healing. Ulcers are open sores that can develop on the skin or mucous membranes. When an ulcer forms, it damages the underlying tissue. As the body repairs this damage, it forms new collagen fibers, resulting in the formation of a scar. Scars can vary in appearance depending on factors such as the size and depth of the ulcer, as well as individual healing processes.