Sociology True And False

Explanation
A symbolic interactionist focuses on how individuals interpret and give meaning to their social interactions and experiences. They are interested in understanding how people define and understand their family experience, as they believe that meanings and definitions of family can vary among individuals and groups. By studying this, symbolic interactionists can gain insights into how individuals construct their identities and relationships within the family context. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Labelling refers to the public's perception of a person based on various factors such as income level, housing location, and appearance. This means that individuals are often judged and categorized by others based on these aspects. Therefore, the statement that labelling is the public's perception of a person based on income level, housing location, and appearance is true.

Explanation
The statement is false because structural functionalists would argue the opposite. According to their perspective, crime is more likely to be committed by individuals who have access to limited legitimate means of opportunity. They believe that when individuals are unable to achieve their goals through legal means, they may turn to criminal activities as an alternative. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation
The statement is false because deviance is not solely a biological issue. It is a complex concept that involves both biological and social factors. While biological factors such as genetics and brain chemistry can contribute to deviant behavior, social factors such as cultural norms, socialization, and peer influence also play a significant role. Deviance is ultimately a socially contested issue as societies define and label certain behaviors as deviant based on their norms and values.

Explanation
The statement suggests that the elite members of society have the power to establish the norms and standards that define what is considered deviant behavior. This implies that those in positions of power and influence have the authority to shape societal values and expectations, ultimately determining what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior.

Explanation
Deviance refers to behavior that goes against the established norms, values, and beliefs of society. It involves actions or attitudes that are considered unacceptable or outside the boundaries of what is considered normal or appropriate. When someone consistently refuses to conform to these societal expectations, it can be seen as a form of deviance. Therefore, the statement that deviance is a persistent refusal to conform to norms, values, and beliefs of society is true.

Explanation
Education plays a crucial role in passing on the culture and values of society to the younger generation. Through education, individuals learn about their cultural heritage, traditions, and societal norms, which helps them understand and appreciate their own culture. Moreover, education also instills moral values, ethics, and social responsibilities, shaping individuals into responsible citizens who contribute positively to society. Therefore, the statement "The purpose of education is to pass on the culture and values of society to its young" is true.

Explanation
The statement suggests that the significance of religion in a society is dependent on the society's development and mass culture. However, this is not necessarily true. The significance of religion in a society can vary based on various factors such as personal beliefs, historical context, political influences, and individual experiences. It is not solely determined by societal development and mass culture.

Explanation
Marx is indeed credited with introducing the concept of class and providing an explanation for social inequality in sociology. His theory of class struggle argues that society is divided into two main classes, the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (working class), and that social inequality arises from the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie. Marx's ideas have had a significant influence on the field of sociology and continue to be studied and debated today. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Exogamy is not practiced by groups who desire to protect their culture and beliefs. In fact, exogamy refers to the practice of marrying outside of one's own social group or community. It is often seen as a way to promote diversity and prevent inbreeding. By marrying outside of their group, individuals can bring in new ideas, traditions, and genetic diversity. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation
Functionalism teaches that the family role depends on the functions or tasks that need to be performed within the family, rather than on the relationship of individual members. According to functionalism, each family member has a specific role to fulfill in order to maintain the stability and harmony of the family unit. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social order and the interdependence of family members in fulfilling their respective roles. Therefore, the correct answer is False as functionalism does not focus on the individual relationships within the family, but rather on the functions and roles within the family structure.

Explanation
The explanation for the correct answer, which is False, is that the feminist theory of the family and the symbolic interaction perspective are not similar. The feminist theory of the family focuses on the gender inequalities and power dynamics within the family structure, while the symbolic interaction perspective emphasizes the role of symbols and interactions in shaping social behavior. These two theories have different focuses and approaches, making them distinct from each other.

Explanation
Race and ethnicity are not social constructs of racism, but rather social constructs that have been used to perpetuate racism. Racism is the belief that one race is superior to others, and it is this belief that has led to the creation and perpetuation of race and ethnicity as social constructs. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation
Material culture and counter culture are not the same. Material culture refers to the physical objects, artifacts, and technology that are created and used by a society, while counter culture refers to a subculture that opposes or rejects the dominant culture's values, norms, and practices. While material culture can be a part of counter culture, it is not synonymous with it.

Explanation
Marx saw religion as a tool used by the ruling class to maintain their power and control over the working class. He argued that religion was used to pacify and distract the working class from their exploitation and to justify the social and economic inequalities in society. Therefore, Marx did not see religion as being established for the good and welfare of the working class.

Explanation
Informal deviance refers to behaviors that violate social norms but are not necessarily considered crimes. It does not specifically pertain to crimes against property. Therefore, the statement that informal deviance is a state in socialization where crimes against property are not officially reported is incorrect.

Explanation
Max Weber actually argues that the culture of a society is not solely determined by the ruling class, but rather that different social groups and classes within a society can have their own distinct cultures. He emphasizes the role of power and social stratification in shaping culture, but does not claim that the ruling class determines the culture of the entire society.

Explanation
Durkheim argues that inequality in society cannot solely be explained by ownership and property. This implies that there are other factors that contribute to social inequality, such as social class, education, and cultural capital. Durkheim's perspective highlights the importance of considering various dimensions of inequality beyond economic factors alone. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation
Marx's contribution to sociology included the concept of class and an analysis of the origins of social inequality. He argued that society is divided into different classes based on their relationship to the means of production, with the bourgeoisie owning the means of production and the proletariat being the working class. Marx's explanation of social inequality emphasized the exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie, leading to unequal distribution of wealth and power. Therefore, the statement is true as Marx did introduce the idea of class and offered an explanation for social inequality.

Explanation
The statement is true because stratification refers to the division of society into different social classes or groups based on factors such as wealth, occupation, and social status. These different groups occupy different positions within the social hierarchy, with some having more power, resources, and privileges than others. This hierarchical structure is a characteristic feature of stratified societies, where individuals' opportunities and life chances are influenced by their position within the social order.

Explanation
The given statement suggests that sociologists argue that the new mass culture is being imposed by a new commercial bourgeoisie. This means that the dominant class in society, consisting of wealthy business owners and capitalists, is using their influence and power to shape and control the culture of the masses. This aligns with the concept of cultural hegemony, where the ruling class imposes its values, beliefs, and norms on the rest of society. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Mass culture refers to the widespread production and consumption of cultural products, such as music, movies, and literature, that are created and distributed on a large scale. This phenomenon emerged as a result of the industrialization and commercialization of culture, which allowed for the mass production and distribution of cultural goods. With the advent of technologies like printing presses, film production, and mass media, cultural products became more accessible and affordable to a wider audience. Therefore, it is true that mass culture is the product of the industrialization and commercialization of culture.

Explanation
According to Robert Merton's Strain Theory, innovation is indeed considered to be the point where crimes are committed. This theory suggests that individuals who are unable to achieve societal goals through legitimate means may resort to innovative, deviant strategies to attain success. These innovative strategies often involve engaging in criminal activities as a way to overcome the strain caused by the disconnection between societal goals and the means to achieve them. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement "Innovation is the point where crimes are committed" is true in the context of Merton's Strain Theory.

Explanation
The statement is true because culture encompasses various aspects of society and influences almost every aspect of human behavior. Sociology, as a discipline, focuses on studying and understanding society, including its culture. Since culture is a fundamental component of society, it is necessary to understand and analyze culture in order to comprehend the dynamics and functioning of a society. Therefore, the statement accurately reflects the relationship between culture and sociology.

Explanation
The statement "Culture is symbolic" means that different groups of people have certain objects or symbols that hold meaning and significance to them. These symbols may not be understood or recognized by individuals outside of that particular culture. Therefore, the answer "True" is correct as it accurately reflects the concept that culture involves symbolic elements that are meaningful only to those within the culture.

Explanation
Cultural learning refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, beliefs, values, and behaviors from one's culture. It is often done unconsciously and seamlessly integrated into everyday life, making it difficult to pinpoint when exactly certain things are learned. This is because cultural learning is deeply ingrained in human behavior and becomes a natural part of one's actions and thoughts. Therefore, it is true that you cannot tell when you learn certain things due to the seamless nature of cultural learning.

Explanation
Culture is not solely a personal viewpoint activity. While individuals may have their own unique cultural experiences and perspectives, culture is also a shared and collective phenomenon that is shaped by a group or community. It encompasses shared beliefs, values, customs, traditions, and behaviors that are passed down from generation to generation within a particular group. Therefore, one cannot simply claim "this is my culture" without acknowledging the collective nature of culture.

Explanation
Conflict theory does not see culture as norms, values, and beliefs. Instead, conflict theory views culture as a tool used by the dominant group to maintain their power and control over society. According to conflict theory, culture is a source of inequality and conflict, as it perpetuates the interests of the ruling class while marginalizing and oppressing other social groups. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation
The statement is true because hate crime is indeed a relatively new concept in the field of crime. It refers to criminal acts that are motivated by bias or prejudice against a particular group, such as race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Hate crimes target individuals based on their affiliation with a specific group, rather than solely on personal characteristics or actions. This distinction sets hate crimes apart from other types of crimes, making it a unique and concerning issue in society.

Explanation
Rationalization refers to the process of subjecting every little part of society to analysis. This means that all aspects of society, including its institutions, practices, and beliefs, are critically examined and evaluated. Therefore, the given statement that rationalization is the process by which every little part of society is subjected to analysis is true.