Periodontology For Dental Therapy MCQs

Dental plaque is the primary cause of periodontal diseases. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on the teeth and contains bacteria. If not removed through proper oral hygiene practices, plaque can harden into calculus (tartar), which can irritate and inflame the gums, leading to periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Therefore, maintaining good oral hygiene by regularly brushing, flossing, and visiting the dentist for professional cleanings is essential to prevent and control periodontal diseases.

Root planning is the process of removing diseased cementum along with other root deposits from the tooth surface. This procedure is typically performed to treat periodontal disease, as the removal of these deposits helps to eliminate bacteria and promote healing of the gums. By removing the diseased cementum, the root planning procedure aims to create a clean and smooth root surface, which allows for better attachment of the gums to the tooth and prevents further progression of the disease.

The correct answer is "Refractory phase". Periodontal treatment plans typically consist of three phases: non-surgical phase, surgical phase, and maintenance phase. The non-surgical phase involves procedures such as scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar. The surgical phase may include procedures like gum surgery or bone grafting. The maintenance phase involves regular follow-up visits to monitor the patient's oral health and prevent further progression of periodontal disease. The refractory phase is not a recognized phase in periodontal treatment plans and is therefore not included in the options.

The periodontium is the supporting structure of the teeth and includes the cementum, gum (also known as gingiva), alveolar bone, and periodontal ligaments. Cementum is a hard tissue that covers the root of the tooth, while the gum is the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and covers the bone. The alveolar bone is the bone that surrounds and supports the teeth, and the periodontal ligaments are the connective tissues that attach the teeth to the bone. Therefore, the correct answer is "cementum, gum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligaments."

Root caries is a type of tooth decay that specifically affects the roots of teeth. As people age, they may experience gum recession, which exposes the roots of their teeth. This exposure makes the roots more susceptible to decay, leading to the development of root caries. Therefore, it is true that root caries usually occurs in old age.

The patient's presentation of loss of interdental and marginal stippling, blue-red tissue color, and bleeding upon gentle probing is consistent with chronic gingivitis. Chronic gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gums, which can cause these symptoms. The other options, such as gingival recession, systemic diseases, and advanced periodontal diseases, do not fully align with the given symptoms. Gingival recession refers to the exposure of the tooth root due to the gum tissue pulling away, while systemic diseases and advanced periodontal diseases would typically present with additional symptoms beyond what is described in the question.

The correct answer is "Patient particulars, chief complaint, history of present illness and past medical history." This order makes sense because it starts with gathering basic information about the patient, then moves on to their chief complaint, which is the reason they are seeking medical attention. Next, the history of present illness is collected to understand the current problem in more detail. Finally, the past medical history is obtained to provide context and identify any previous conditions or treatments that may be relevant.

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that is characterized by the presence of a crater-like depression at the tip of the interdental papilla and vesicle formation. This condition is not responsive to any therapy, making it difficult to treat. Additionally, it can lead to gingival recession due to faulty tooth brushing. Therefore, the correct answer is that necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is associated with a crater-like depression at the tip of the interdental papilla and vesicle formation.

Gracey curettes 13/14 and 17/18 are used to scale the distal surface of posterior teeth. These specific curettes have curved blades that allow for better access and adaptation to the curved distal surfaces of the teeth. The 13/14 curette is designed for the distal surfaces of premolars and molars in the upper jaw, while the 17/18 curette is designed for the distal surfaces of premolars and molars in the lower jaw. Using these curettes ensures effective removal of plaque and calculus from these areas.

The correct answer is "Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease." This is because the patient is a 40-year-old diabetic, and diabetes is a systemic disease that can affect the periodontium. Periodontitis in this case is considered a manifestation of the patient's underlying systemic condition.

Loss of the transseptal fiber bundles is primarily associated with preventing the progressive downward proliferation of the junctional epithelium into the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in periodontal disease.

Macrophages are a type of immune cell that can destroy virulent bacteria during an acute gingival inflammatory response. They can engulf and digest bacteria through a process called phagocytosis. Additionally, macrophages can also activate T-cells, which are another type of immune cell, to help in the destruction of bacteria. This T-cell mediation further enhances the immune response against the bacteria.

In the presence of abundant plaque formation, hyperplastic gingivitis can be associated with all of the mentioned factors. Mouth breathing can lead to dry mouth, which reduces saliva production and increases plaque buildup. Cyclosporine, Procardia, and Phenytoin are medications that can cause gingival hyperplasia, a condition characterized by an overgrowth of gum tissue. Pregnancy can also lead to hormonal changes that increase the risk of gingivitis. Therefore, all of the options can be associated with hyperplastic gingivitis in the presence of abundant plaque formation.

Charter's method is the best method of brushing technique preferred for patients with orthodontic appliances. This method involves placing the bristles of the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against the gumline and gently brushing in a circular motion. This technique helps to effectively remove plaque and food debris around the brackets and wires of the orthodontic appliance, reducing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. The Bass method, on the other hand, is a general brushing technique that may not be as effective in cleaning around orthodontic appliances. Therefore, Charter's method is the recommended technique for these patients.

The Key answer is Laminin

The correct answer states that periodontal ligament fibers insert in cementum and bone biochemically through fibronectin. This means that the fibers of the periodontal ligament, which connects the tooth to the surrounding bone, attach to the tooth surface and bone through a biochemical process involving fibronectin.

Additionally, the correct answer states that polymorphonuclear leukocytes can pass between junctional epithelium cells into the gingival sulcus/pocket. This means that certain types of white blood cells can move between the cells of the junctional epithelium, which is the tissue that forms the interface between the tooth and the gum tissue, and enter the space between the tooth and the gum known as the gingival sulcus or pocket.