154 Periodontalogy- Prof. Sok Chea

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1. We need to consider which of the following in the treatment of refractory periodontal disease :?

Explanation

All of the above options need to be considered in the treatment of refractory periodontal disease. Surgery may be necessary to address severe cases, antibiotics can be prescribed to control infection, systemic health should be evaluated as it can affect the progression of the disease, and mechanical debridement is essential for removing plaque and tartar buildup. Considering all these factors together can help in effectively managing refractory periodontal disease.

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Periodontology Quizzes & Trivia

This quiz, titled '154 periodontalogy- prof. Sok Chea', assesses knowledge in periodontology, focusing on treatments for periodontal diseases, indications for surgical procedures, and management strategies for chronic conditions.... see moreIt is designed for dental professionals seeking to enhance their clinical skills. see less

2. In an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis the most successful approach to treatment is:?

Explanation

The most successful approach to treatment for an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis is initial periodontal therapy followed by maintenance therapy alone. This approach involves an initial deep cleaning and scaling of the teeth and gums to remove plaque and tartar buildup. After this initial treatment, regular maintenance therapy, including professional cleanings and proper oral hygiene practices, is crucial to prevent further progression of the disease and maintain the health of the gums and teeth. Surgery may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the most successful approach for all patients.

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3. In an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis the most successful approach to treatment is?

Explanation

The most successful approach to treatment for an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis is initial periodontal therapy followed by maintenance therapy alone. This approach involves a thorough initial treatment to remove plaque and calculus, followed by regular maintenance visits to prevent the recurrence of periodontal disease. This approach has been shown to effectively control the progression of periodontitis and maintain periodontal health in the long term. Surgery and extreme initial treatment followed by yearly reviews may be considered in more severe cases, but the initial periodontal therapy followed by maintenance therapy alone is the most successful approach in general.

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4. Modified Widman Flap was first introduce by ?

Explanation

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5. All the following are phases of periodontal treatment plan except: ?

Explanation

The refractory phase is not a phase of periodontal treatment plan. The surgical phase involves surgical procedures to treat periodontal disease, while the non-surgical phase includes non-invasive treatments such as scaling and root planing. The maintenance phase focuses on regular check-ups and cleanings to prevent further progression of the disease. However, the refractory phase is not a recognized phase in periodontal treatment and is therefore not included in the options.

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6. During an acute gingival inflammation response, which of the following cell types can destroy virulent bacteria by phagocytosis and T-cell mediation?

Explanation

Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. During acute gingival inflammation, macrophages can destroy virulent bacteria through phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and digesting pathogens. Additionally, macrophages can also mediate the immune response through T-cell activation, further aiding in the destruction of bacteria. Therefore, macrophages are an important cell type involved in the defense against virulent bacteria during acute gingival inflammation.

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7. Gracey curretes used to scale distal surface of posterior teeth are ?

Explanation

Gracey curretes 13/14 are used to scale the distal surface of posterior teeth.

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8. Gracey curretes used to scale mesial surface of posterior teeth are : ?

Explanation

The correct answer is Gracey curretes 11/12. Gracey curretes are dental instruments used for scaling and root planing. Each Gracey curette has a specific design and is used for different surfaces of teeth. In this case, the mesial surface of posterior teeth is being scaled, and the only curette listed that is designed for this purpose is the Gracey curette 11/12.

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9. Periodontal attachment loss detect clinically: ?

Explanation

The correct answer is "When there is recession and/or true pocket." Periodontal attachment loss can be detected clinically when there is either recession or a true pocket present. Recession refers to the exposure of the root surface due to the loss of gum tissue, while a true pocket is a deepening of the gum pocket around the tooth. Both of these conditions indicate a loss of attachment between the tooth and the surrounding tissues, which can be assessed during a clinical examination.

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10. 60 years diabetic patient, present clinically with periodontal attachment loss and diagnosed as having periodontitis. According to AAP 1999 classification of periodontal diseases, the type of periodontitis in this case is: ?

Explanation

Based on the given information, the patient is a 60-year-old diabetic with periodontal attachment loss. This suggests that the periodontitis is a manifestation of their systemic disease (diabetes). This is because diabetes is known to increase the risk and severity of periodontal disease. Therefore, the correct answer is "Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease."

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11. Subgingival curettage should provide favourable results in?

Explanation

Subgingival curettage involves removing the infected tissue and debris from the area below the gum line. It is an effective treatment for oedematous gingivitis, which is characterized by swollen and inflamed gums due to poor oral hygiene. By removing the infected tissue, subgingival curettage can help reduce inflammation, promote healing, and improve the overall health of the gums. However, it may not be as effective in treating fibrotic gingivitis or infrabony pockets, which may require additional treatments such as surgery or periodontal therapy.

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12. Which of the incisions is not followed in periodontal flap surgeries?

Explanation

Periodontal flap surgeries involve making incisions in the gum tissue to gain access to the underlying structures. Crevicular, interdental, and internal bevel incisions are commonly used in these surgeries. However, the external bevel incision is not followed in periodontal flap surgeries. This type of incision involves making a beveled cut on the external surface of the gum tissue, which is not typically done in periodontal flap surgeries.

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13. Subepithelial connective tissue graft was described by?

Explanation

The correct answer is Langer and Langer. The subepithelial connective tissue graft technique was described by Langer and Langer. This technique involves taking a graft of connective tissue from an area near the tooth and placing it underneath the gum tissue to replace lost or damaged gum tissue. Langer and Langer were the first to describe this technique, which has since become a common method in periodontal surgery.

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14. Biobrane is a commercially available?

Explanation

Biobrane is a commercially available biodegradable membrane. It is a type of synthetic wound dressing that is used to cover and protect burns and other types of skin injuries. The membrane is made from a combination of silicone and a nylon mesh, which allows it to adhere to the wound and provide a barrier against infection while still allowing the skin to breathe. Biobrane is widely used in hospitals and clinics as a temporary dressing for burn patients, and it is eventually absorbed by the body as the wound heals.

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15. The primary aetiologic factor in the development of furcation defect is?

Explanation

Plaque is the correct answer because it is the main cause of furcation defects. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on teeth and contains bacteria. If plaque is not removed through proper oral hygiene practices, it can lead to gum inflammation and infection. Over time, this can cause damage to the supporting structures of the teeth, including the furcation area where the roots of multi-rooted teeth meet. This can result in furcation defects, which can lead to further complications such as tooth mobility and tooth loss.

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16. What is the most advantage of full thickness flap when compared to a partial thickness flap?

Explanation

The most advantage of a full thickness flap compared to a partial thickness flap is that it exposes the cortical bone. This is beneficial because it allows for better visualization and access to the underlying bone, which can be important for certain surgical procedures or treatments.

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17. What are advantages of a positive knot when compared to a negative knot?

Explanation

A positive knot has several advantages over a negative knot. Firstly, it has no memory, meaning it does not retain any previous shape or form. This makes it easier to tie and untie without any complications. Secondly, a positive knot holds the knot better, ensuring that it stays in place and does not come undone easily. Additionally, it can hold the knot for a longer period of time, providing more durability and reliability. Lastly, a positive knot creates a better wound closer, ensuring that the wound is properly sealed and reducing the risk of infection. Therefore, all of the above advantages make a positive knot preferable over a negative knot.

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18. Where should releasing incisions be placed?

Explanation

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19. What is the crown-to-root ratio in a healthy dentition?

Explanation

The crown-to-root ratio in a healthy dentition refers to the proportion between the visible part of the tooth (the crown) and the part that is embedded in the jawbone (the root). A 1:2 crown-to-root ratio means that the length of the root is twice the length of the crown. This ratio is considered ideal for maintaining the stability and support of the tooth within the jawbone, ensuring proper function and longevity of the tooth.

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20. Which blades can be considered standard in dentistry?

Explanation

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21. Which suture material is commonly used in dentistry?

Explanation

Silk 3.0 is commonly used as a suture material in dentistry. Sutures are used to close wounds after dental procedures, and silk is a popular choice due to its strength, flexibility, and biocompatibility. The number 3.0 refers to the size of the suture, with smaller numbers indicating a thicker suture. In dentistry, a thicker suture like Silk 3.0 is often used for suturing soft tissues in the oral cavity.

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22. The Lingual nerve ?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Can easily be injured when cutting too lingually in the molar area." The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and provides sensory innervation to the tongue. It runs along the lingual aspect of the mandible, close to the lingual surface of the molars. Therefore, when performing dental procedures in the molar area, there is a risk of injuring the lingual nerve if the cut is made too lingually.

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23. Acellular dermal grafts work best when they are completely submerged beneath a mucoperiosteal flap during healing. ?

Explanation

Acellular dermal grafts are most effective when they are fully covered by a mucoperiosteal flap during the healing process. This ensures that the graft remains protected and undisturbed, allowing for proper integration and optimal healing. By being submerged beneath the flap, the graft is shielded from external forces and can successfully regenerate and integrate with the surrounding tissues. Therefore, the statement "Acellular dermal grafts work best when they are completely submerged beneath a mucoperiosteal flap during healing" is true.

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24. Which of the following is NOT a function of a provisional restoration ?

Explanation

A provisional restoration is a temporary restoration that is placed in the mouth while a permanent restoration is being fabricated. It is used to communicate the desired gingival margin to the surgeon, allowing them to shape the gum tissue accordingly. It also allows the patient to evaluate the esthetics of the final restoration and assess how it affects their speech (phonetics). However, a provisional restoration is not intended to act as a permanent restoration as it is not as durable or long-lasting.

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25. Autografts refer to ?

Explanation

Autografts refer to the transplantation of tissue from one individual to the same individual. Autografts are considered the ideal type of graft because they have a lower risk of rejection compared to grafts from another individual or an animal. This is because autografts use the individual's own tissue, which is genetically identical and therefore less likely to be recognized as foreign by the immune system. Autografts are commonly used in procedures such as skin grafts, bone grafts, and organ transplants.

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26. For human patients, all of these could be sources of xenografts except?

Explanation

Xenografts refer to the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another. In the context of human patients, xenografts can be obtained from animals such as pigs, cows, and horses. However, humans cannot be a source of xenografts as it would involve transplanting tissues or organs from one human to another, which is known as an allograft. Therefore, humans are not a viable source of xenografts for human patients.

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27. We need to consider which of the following in the treatment of refractory periodontal disease ?

Explanation

In the treatment of refractory periodontal disease, it is important to consider all of the options mentioned. Surgery may be necessary to remove deep pockets or correct gum recession. Antibiotics can be used to control infection and inflammation. Systemic health plays a role as certain medical conditions can contribute to periodontal disease. Mechanical debridement, such as scaling and root planing, is essential for removing plaque and tartar buildup. Therefore, all of the above factors should be taken into account for effective treatment of refractory periodontal disease.

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28. In terms of the treatment of the adult periodontitis patients: ?

Explanation

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29. Pre-operative preparation of exposed roots following gingival recession can be accomplished using substances such as EDTA or Tetracycline paste, for what period of time must this be applied to the root surface?

Explanation

The correct answer is 3mm because the question asks for the period of time that substances like EDTA or Tetracycline paste should be applied to the root surface. The answer options provided are measurements of millimeters, which suggests that the question is asking for the depth or extent of application. Therefore, the correct answer is 3mm, indicating that the substances should be applied to the root surface for a depth of 3 millimeters.

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30. The following substance(s) can be used to condition the root surface prior to grafting?

Explanation

EDTA, Tetracycline, and Citric acid can be used to condition the root surface prior to grafting. EDTA is a chelating agent that helps remove the smear layer and expose dentinal tubules. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that can help control bacterial contamination. Citric acid is an acid that can remove the smear layer and promote adhesion. Using these substances together can effectively prepare the root surface for grafting by cleaning and disinfecting it.

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31. Apical position flap was first introduced by ?

Explanation

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32. Papilla preservation flap was first introduced by ?

Explanation

Takei, H,H introduced the papilla preservation flap in 1985.

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33. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis ?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Is associated with crater like depression at the tip of interdental papilla and vesicle formation." Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease characterized by tissue necrosis and ulceration. It is commonly associated with a depression or "crater" at the tip of the interdental papilla, as well as the formation of vesicles. This condition is often painful and can lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues if left untreated.

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34. In the present of abundant plaque formation hyperplastic gingivitis can be associated with which of the following?

Explanation

Hyperplastic gingivitis can be associated with all of the given options. Cyclosporine, Procardia, pregnancy, and phenytoin are all known to contribute to the development of hyperplastic gingivitis. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug that can cause gingival overgrowth. Procardia, a calcium channel blocker, has also been associated with gingival enlargement. Pregnancy hormones can lead to increased blood flow and inflammation in the gums, resulting in gingivitis. Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant medication, can cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect. Therefore, all of the given options can be associated with hyperplastic gingivitis.

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35. In Periodontal disease, loss of which of the following fiber bundles are primarily associated in preventing the progressive downward proliferation of the junctional epithelium into the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone ?

Explanation

Transseptal fibers are primarily associated with preventing the progressive downward proliferation of the junctional epithelium into the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in Periodontal disease. These fibers run horizontally across the interdental septum and connect the cementum of one tooth to the cementum of the adjacent tooth. They help to maintain the integrity and stability of the periodontal tissues, preventing the spread of infection and the progression of the disease.

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36. The mobility of the teeth is graded 3 if : ?

Explanation

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37. Furcation involvement is measure by: ?

Explanation

Furcation involvement refers to the extent to which the roots of multi-rooted teeth are affected by periodontal disease. Naber's probe is specifically designed to assess furcation involvement by measuring the depth and width of furcation defects. The other probes mentioned, such as the WHO probe, CPITN probe, Michigan "O" probe, and periodontal explorer, are not specifically designed for this purpose and may not provide accurate measurements of furcation involvement. Therefore, Naber's probe is the most appropriate tool for measuring furcation involvement.

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38. 16 years boy, present clinically with attachment loss related to 1st Molars and Incisors only. Diagnosis of this case according to AAP 1999 periodontal diseases Classification is: ?

Explanation

Based on the given information, the correct diagnosis for this case according to the AAP 1999 periodontal diseases Classification is localized aggressive periodontitis. This is because the attachment loss is only related to the 1st molars and incisors, and it is localized to specific areas rather than being generalized throughout the mouth.

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39. Planning of periodontal surgery best accomplished at: ?

Explanation

The best time to plan periodontal surgery is after phase I therapy and during the re-evaluation visit. This is because phase I therapy involves initial treatment to control the infection and inflammation in the gums, which sets the foundation for further treatment. During the re-evaluation visit, the dentist or periodontist can assess the effectiveness of phase I therapy and determine if surgery is necessary. Planning the surgery at this stage ensures that the patient's oral health has improved and that the surgery will be more successful.

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40. Most commonly used periodontal pack is/are: ?

Explanation

The most commonly used periodontal pack includes both the Non Eugenol pack and Coe-Pack. These packs are used in periodontal procedures to promote healing and protect the surgical site. Non Eugenol packs are preferred for patients who are allergic to eugenol, while Coe-Pack is a versatile pack that can be used for various dental procedures. By using both packs, dental professionals have the flexibility to cater to different patient needs and ensure successful healing after periodontal surgeries.

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41. On human jaws there are anatomical areas which can be used as a source for bone graft harvest for periodontal regenerative surgical procedure, of those areas is/are: ?

Explanation

The maxillary tuberosity and external oblique ridge of the mandible are both anatomical areas that can be used as a source for bone graft harvest for periodontal regenerative surgical procedures. These areas provide sufficient bone volume and density to support the regeneration of periodontal tissues.

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42. Adult patient present clinically with irregular thickness of buccal gingiva, a round diamond bur used to correct and establish a physiological gingival contour. The type of this procedure is/are:?

Explanation

The correct answer is Gingivoplasty. Gingivoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to reshape and contour the gingiva. In this case, the irregular thickness of the buccal gingiva is being corrected using a round diamond bur, which is a common tool used in gingivoplasty procedures. Gingivectomy, on the other hand, involves the removal of gum tissue, and combined gingivoplasty and gingivectomy refers to a combination of both procedures. None of these options accurately describe the procedure being performed in this scenario.

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43. Curettage comes under?

Explanation

Curettage is a surgical procedure that involves scraping or scooping out tissue from the lining of a body cavity or a wound. It is commonly used in gynecology, dermatology, and dentistry. In the context of the question, the term "Phase-1" refers to the initial phase or stage of a medical treatment or clinical trial. Therefore, the correct answer is Phase-1, as curettage is typically performed as a part of the initial treatment or evaluation process.

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44. A patient returned on week after scaling and prophylaxis. Hard black deposits of calculus are noted in gingival margin. This indicates?

Explanation

The presence of hard black deposits of calculus in the gingival margin one week after scaling and prophylaxis suggests that there has been a reduction in inflammation after the procedure. This reduction in inflammation can cause the gingival tissue to shrink, making the calculus more visible. This explanation is supported by the fact that the other options (heavy tea drinking, poor maintenance and formation of new calculus, and blood clots not being removed) do not directly explain the presence of hard black deposits of calculus in the gingival margin.

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45. The only valid method to assess periodontal regeneration is?

Explanation

Histologic analysis is the only valid method to assess periodontal regeneration because it involves the microscopic examination of tissue samples. This allows for a detailed evaluation of the quality and quantity of regenerated periodontal tissues, including the formation of new bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. Radiographic analysis can provide information about bone levels, but it cannot differentiate between newly formed and existing bone. Clinical attachment level measures the distance between the base of the pocket and the cemento-enamel junction, but it does not provide information about the quality of regenerated tissues. Reentry operation involves surgical access to evaluate the healing process, but it is invasive and may disrupt the newly formed tissues. Therefore, histologic analysis is the most accurate and reliable method to assess periodontal regeneration.

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46. What is the most common indication for Coronally Positioned Flap?

Explanation

The most common indication for a Coronally Positioned Flap is root coverage. This surgical technique is commonly used in periodontal therapy to treat gingival recession and expose more of the tooth's root surface. By repositioning the gum tissue, the flap helps to cover and protect the exposed root, improving aesthetics and reducing sensitivity.

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47. What kind of tissues should compose of Full Thickness Flap?

Explanation

A full thickness flap should consist of epithelium, connective tissue, and periosteum. This is because a full thickness flap is a surgical technique used in procedures such as skin grafts or flap reconstructions, where a piece of tissue is completely detached from its blood supply and moved to another location. In order for the flap to survive and heal properly, it requires all layers of tissue including the outermost layer of epithelium, the underlying connective tissue, and the periosteum which is the specialized connective tissue covering the bones.

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48. What is (are) the most important anatomical structures to be respected during surgery?

Explanation

During surgery, it is crucial to respect and be aware of the important anatomical structures to avoid any potential complications. The mental foramen is a vital structure located in the mandible, through which the mental nerve and vessels pass. The greater palatine foramen and neuromuscular bundle are significant structures in the hard palate, responsible for sensory innervation. The incisive foramen is an anatomical landmark in the maxilla, where the nasopalatine nerve passes through. Lastly, the lingual artery and nerve are essential structures in the tongue that need to be respected during surgery. Therefore, all of the above structures are crucial and should be considered during surgical procedures.

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49. Which bony defect is most likely to repair or fill naturally after treatment?

Explanation

Three-wall periodontal defects are most likely to repair or fill naturally after treatment. This is because three-wall defects have better blood supply and a more favorable environment for bone regeneration compared to two-wall or one-wall defects. The presence of three walls provides better stability and support for the regeneration process, allowing for natural healing and filling of the defect.

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50. What bacteria are associated with ANUG?

Explanation

The correct answer is fff.fusospirochetal complex (fusiform bacteria and spirochetes). These bacteria are associated with Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG). ANUG is a severe form of gum disease characterized by painful ulcers, bleeding gums, and bad breath. The fff.fusospirochetal complex is commonly found in the oral cavity and is known to contribute to the development of ANUG.

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51. What is the primary symptom of root sensitivity?

Explanation

The primary symptom of root sensitivity is sensitivity to cold. This means that individuals with root sensitivity may experience pain or discomfort when consuming cold foods or beverages. Sensitivity to hot is not mentioned as a primary symptom in the given options. The answer "All of the above" and "None of the above" are incorrect as they do not specifically mention sensitivity to cold as the primary symptom.

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52. A high lip line can have a multifactorial etiology?

Explanation

A high lip line can have a multifactorial etiology because it can be caused by various factors related to the bones, muscles, and teeth. The position and shape of the jawbones can affect the height of the upper lip, while the strength and activity of the facial muscles can also influence the lip position. Additionally, dental factors such as the position and size of the teeth can contribute to a high lip line. Therefore, all of these factors can collectively contribute to the development of a high lip line.

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53. Which of the following aspects does not have to be considered in postsurgical wound infection protocol?

Explanation

The aspect that does not have to be considered in postsurgical wound infection protocol is "Wait and see". This means that simply waiting and observing the wound without taking any proactive measures is not a recommended approach. Instead, aspects such as local cleaning and debridement, antibiotics, oral disinfectants, and short term recall should be considered to prevent or treat postsurgical wound infections.

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54. The mental nerve can frequently be found ?

Explanation

The mental nerve can frequently be found between the first and second premolar teeth. This is because the mental nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, which runs along the lower jawbone. The first and second premolars are located in this area, making it a common location for the mental nerve to be found.

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55. Following root coverage surgery on a tooth, what is the suggested healing period before making the final impression for the final restoration?

Explanation

After root coverage surgery on a tooth, it is suggested to wait for a healing period of 12 weeks before making the final impression for the final restoration. This is because it takes time for the tissues to heal and stabilize after the surgery. Waiting for 12 weeks allows for proper tissue regeneration and ensures a more accurate and successful final impression for the restoration.

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56. There are a number of ways to control bleeding at the donor site, which one is first indicate to apply:?

Explanation

The first indication to apply for controlling bleeding at the donor site is pressure with a moistened gauze. This method helps to apply direct pressure on the bleeding site, which can help to stop the bleeding. Moistening the gauze can also help to enhance the effectiveness of the pressure by promoting clotting. Other methods like suturing, collagen with or without stent, vasoconstriction, and pressure with a tea bag may be used in certain situations, but the most immediate and commonly recommended method is applying pressure with a moistened gauze.

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57. Which is the best method of brushing technique preferred for the patient with orthodontic appliance: ?

Explanation

Charter's method is the best method of brushing technique preferred for patients with orthodontic appliances. This method involves using a small circular motion to clean the teeth and gums, focusing on the area around the brackets and wires. It is effective in removing plaque and food debris from hard-to-reach areas and helps maintain good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. The Bass method and Stillman method are also commonly used brushing techniques, but Charter's method is specifically designed for patients with orthodontic appliances.

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58. 40 years diabetic patient, present clinically with periodontal attachment loss and diagnosed as having periodontitis. According to AAP 1999 classification of periodontal diseases, the type of periodontitis in this case is:?

Explanation

Based on the given information, the patient is a 40-year-old diabetic with periodontal attachment loss. This indicates that the periodontitis is a manifestation of their systemic disease, which is diabetes. Diabetes is known to have an impact on oral health and can contribute to the development of periodontitis. Therefore, the correct classification for this case is "Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease."

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59. Root planning is ?

Explanation

Root planning is the process of removing diseased cementum along with other root deposits. Diseased cementum is the outer layer of the root surface that becomes infected and needs to be removed to promote healing and prevent further damage to the tooth and surrounding tissues. This procedure is typically performed by a dental professional to treat periodontal disease and improve the health of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth.

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60. Average human biologic width is?

Explanation

The average human biologic width is 2mm. This refers to the space between the bottom of the gum pocket and the bone level. It is important to maintain this width in order to ensure the health and stability of the surrounding tissues and structures. Deviations from this average can indicate periodontal disease or other oral health issues.

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61. Periodontal surgery can be classified into many types, of those types is/are: ?

Explanation

The correct answer includes three types of periodontal surgery: periodontal flap surgery, periodontal plastic surgery, and resective osseous surgery. These are all commonly performed procedures in periodontal surgery.

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62. Clinical changes that may be apparent after scaling and root planning?

Explanation

After scaling and root planning, there is a reduction in inflammation and pocket depth. Scaling and root planning is a deep cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar from the teeth and roots. This helps to eliminate bacteria and toxins that cause inflammation and infection in the gums. As a result, the gums become healthier, and the pockets around the teeth become shallower. Therefore, the correct answer is reduction in inflammation and pocket depth.

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63. The following is critical for success of a subgingival curettage procedure?

Explanation

The success of a subgingival curettage procedure relies on the removal of the epithelial lining of the pocket. This is because the epithelial lining can harbor bacteria and contribute to the progression of periodontal disease. By removing the epithelial lining, the dentist can effectively eliminate the source of infection and promote healing of the periodontal tissues. Removal of free gingiva, removal of cementoenamel junction, and placement of sutures may also be important steps in the procedure, but they are not critical for its success.

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64. After curettage, re-epthelialization of sulcus occurs in?

Explanation

After curettage, re-epithelialization of the sulcus occurs within 2-7 days. Curettage is a dental procedure that involves the removal of diseased or infected tissue from the gum pocket. After the procedure, the body initiates the healing process, which includes the formation of new epithelial cells to cover the exposed area. This process typically takes 2-7 days, during which the sulcus gradually heals and the gum tissue regenerates.

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65. Gingivectomy is done with ?

Explanation

Gingivectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of gum tissue. It can be done using different instruments and techniques. The Kirkland knife is a commonly used instrument for gingivectomy, as it allows for precise cutting of the gum tissue. Potassium hydroxide is sometimes used as a chemical agent to assist in the removal of the gum tissue. Electrosurgery, which involves the use of high-frequency electrical currents, can also be used for gingivectomy. Therefore, all of the above options are correct as they represent different methods or instruments that can be used for gingivectomy.

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66. Periodontal surgery may accomplish?

Explanation

Periodontal surgery may accomplish the elimination of pocket. This means that the surgery aims to remove or reduce the deep pockets that form between the teeth and gums in cases of periodontal disease. These pockets can harbor bacteria and lead to further damage to the gums and bone supporting the teeth. By eliminating the pocket, the surgery helps to improve the health of the gums and prevent further progression of the disease.

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67. Which one of the following clinical findings has greatest effect on the type of incision to be given?

Explanation

The amount of attached gingiva has the greatest effect on the type of incision to be given. Attached gingiva refers to the firm, keratinized tissue that is bound to the underlying bone. It provides stability and protection to the periodontal tissues. When there is an inadequate amount of attached gingiva, it may be necessary to perform a surgical procedure to increase the amount of attached gingiva. This can involve techniques such as a gingival graft or a frenectomy. The other clinical findings mentioned (frenum attachment, depth of the vestibule, and probing depth) may also influence treatment decisions, but the amount of attached gingiva is considered the most important factor in determining the type of incision to be given.

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68. If periodontal surgery is necessary in case of horizontal of the following procedures is the most appropriate?

Explanation

Periodontal surgery may be necessary in cases of horizontal bone loss. The most appropriate procedure for this condition is the papilla preservation flap. This procedure involves making an incision along the gingival margin and reflecting a flap to expose the underlying bone. The papilla between the teeth is preserved during this procedure, which helps to maintain the esthetics and function of the area. The papilla preservation flap allows for access to the affected area, while also minimizing the risk of further damage or loss of the gum tissue.

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69. The term gingival ablation indicates?

Explanation

The term gingival ablation indicates gingival recession due to friction from soft tissue. This means that the gingiva (gums) have receded or pulled away from the tooth surface due to friction or rubbing from the adjacent soft tissues, such as the lips or cheeks. This can be caused by factors such as aggressive tooth brushing, incorrect flossing technique, or habitual biting or chewing on the soft tissues.

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70. If pre-treatment pocket depth is 6 mm and width of attached gingiva is 2 mm, what will be the estimated width of attached gingiva after treatment?

Explanation

The estimated width of attached gingiva after treatment can be calculated by subtracting the pre-treatment pocket depth (6 mm) from the width of attached gingiva before treatment (2 mm). Therefore, the estimated width of attached gingiva after treatment would be 4 mm.

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71. The outcome of results of laterally positioned flap depends on?

Explanation

The outcome of results of a laterally positioned flap depends on the presence of sufficient bone support at the donor site, as this provides stability and proper healing. Additionally, the thickness of attached gingiva at the donor site is important for successful flap placement, as a thicker gingiva provides better blood supply and reduces the risk of complications. The width of attached gingiva at the donor site is also crucial, as a wider area allows for better coverage and protection of the underlying tissues. Therefore, all of these factors play a role in determining the outcome of a laterally positioned flap.

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72. Free gingival graft usually placed on?

Explanation

A free gingival graft is typically placed on the periosteum. The periosteum is a layer of connective tissue that covers the bone and provides a source of blood supply for the graft. Placing the graft on the periosteum allows for better integration and healing of the graft with the surrounding tissues.

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73. After placement of a free gingival graft first it undergoes?

Explanation

After the placement of a free gingival graft, it undergoes degeneration. This is because the graft tissue, which is taken from another area of the mouth, goes through a process of breaking down and reabsorption. This allows for the integration and healing of the graft with the surrounding tissues. It is a normal part of the healing process and is necessary for the successful outcome of the grafting procedure.

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74. After reflection of full thickness graft, post-surgical alveolar bone loss is greatest at?

Explanation

After reflection of a full-thickness graft, the post-surgical alveolar bone loss is greatest at the thin facial margin. This is because the thin facial margin is the area where the graft is attached, and during the healing process, some bone loss may occur in this region. The thick lingual margin and interproximal bone are not directly affected by the graft, so they are less likely to experience significant bone loss. The statement "no bone loss at all" is incorrect, as some degree of bone loss is expected after a full-thickness graft procedure.

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75. Langer technique is used in?

Explanation

The Langer technique is used in subepithelial connective tissue grafts. This technique involves harvesting a graft of connective tissue from the palate and then placing it beneath the recipient site to enhance soft tissue thickness and improve esthetics. This procedure is commonly used in periodontal surgery to treat gingival recession and improve the appearance of the gumline.

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76. Vestibular extension procedure results in?

Explanation

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77. A suturing needle used in peroiodontal surery should have?

Explanation

The correct answer is a swedged suture needle. A swedged suture needle is commonly used in periodontal surgery because it has a rounded point, which helps prevent tissue damage, and a double cutting edge, which allows for easier and cleaner suturing. This type of needle is designed specifically for dental procedures and is preferred for its precision and effectiveness in periodontal surgery.

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78. Reattachment procedures most commonly?

Explanation

Reattachment procedures most commonly reduce pocket depth by formation of long junctional epithelium. This involves reattaching the gingival tissue to the root surface, allowing for the formation of a new attachment between the epithelium and the root surface. This procedure helps to reduce the depth of the periodontal pocket and promote the healing process. It is typically used when the aesthetics of the area is not a primary concern.

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79. In which of the following procedures, periodontal pack is not given?

Explanation

Periodontal pack is not given in GTR procedures without osseous transplants because in this procedure, the focus is on guided tissue regeneration, which involves the use of membranes and/or graft materials to encourage the growth of new tissue and bone. A periodontal pack is typically used to protect surgical sites and promote healing, but it is not necessary in GTR procedures without osseous transplants as the emphasis is on regenerating tissues rather than protecting the surgical site.

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80. In an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis the most successful approach to treatment is?

Explanation

The most successful approach to treatment for an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis is initial periodontal therapy followed by maintenance therapy alone. This approach involves a thorough cleaning of the teeth and gums to remove plaque and tartar, followed by regular maintenance visits to prevent further progression of the disease. Surgery may be necessary in some cases, but it is not always the most successful approach. Extreme initial treatment followed by yearly reviews may not be as effective as continuous maintenance therapy. Therefore, the best approach is to start with initial periodontal therapy and then focus on maintenance therapy to ensure long-term success.

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81. When should a soft tissue graft be considered as an appropriate treatment of gingival recession?

Explanation

A soft tissue graft should be considered as an appropriate treatment for gingival recession when there are probing extents beyond the mucogingival junction, abnormal frenum attachment, and symptoms such as root sensitivity and root caries. These factors indicate that the gingival recession has progressed to a point where intervention is necessary to prevent further damage and improve oral health.

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82. Incision in the esthetic zone with regards to semi-lunar graft treatment of gingival recession: ?

Explanation

The incision in the esthetic zone should initially be made at the mucogingival junction. This is because the mucogingival junction provides a stable and predictable reference point for the incision. It helps to ensure that the incision is placed at the correct level and allows for precise control of the depth and direction of the incision. By starting the incision at the mucogingival junction, the surgeon can create a clean and well-defined flap that can be easily elevated for the semi-lunar graft treatment of gingival recession.

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83. Two releasing incisions demarcate the area schedule for surgical therapy. A scalloped reverse bevel incision is made in the gingival margin to connected the two releasing incision. This technic called:?

Explanation

The original Widman flap technique involves making two releasing incisions to demarcate the area scheduled for surgical therapy. A scalloped reverse bevel incision is then made in the gingival margin to connect these two releasing incisions. This technique is used to access and treat periodontal pockets and is named after Dr. E. J. Widman, who first described it. The other options listed are different periodontal flap techniques, but they do not involve the specific steps mentioned in the question.

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84. Which of the following statements accurately interrelates the tooth and periodontium interface?

Explanation

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85. Periodontium include all of the following: ?

Explanation

The periodontium refers to the supporting structures of the teeth, which include the cementum (a layer covering the tooth root), the gum (also known as gingiva), the alveolar bone (the bone surrounding the tooth sockets), and the periodontal ligaments (fibrous tissue that connects the tooth root to the bone). Therefore, the correct answer is "Cementum, gum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligaments."

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86. Procedures is indicated in early?

Explanation

The correct answer is Gingival curettage. Gingival curettage is a dental procedure that involves the removal of the soft tissue lining of the periodontal pocket. It is indicated in the early stages of gum disease to remove diseased tissue and promote healing. Scaling and root planning, gingivectomy, and flap surgery are also dental procedures, but they are not specifically indicated in the early stages of gum disease like gingival curettage.

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87. At the time of healihng of gingival wounds epithelial cells migrate at the rate of?

Explanation

During the healing process of gingival wounds, epithelial cells migrate at a rate of 0.5-1.0 mm/Day. This means that the epithelial cells move and cover the wound area at a speed of 0.5-1.0 mm per day. This migration of cells is an important part of the healing process as it helps in the re-epithelialization of the wound and the formation of new tissue.

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88. The reshaping process of gingiva in the absence of periodontal pocket is?

Explanation

Gingivoplasty is the correct answer because it refers to the reshaping process of the gingiva (gums) without the presence of a periodontal pocket. Curettage involves the removal of diseased tissue from the periodontal pocket, while gingivectomy is the surgical removal of gum tissue. Flap operation is a more extensive procedure that involves lifting and repositioning gum tissue. Therefore, gingivoplasty is the most appropriate option for reshaping the gingiva without a periodontal pocket.

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89. Type of suture recommended for apical?

Explanation

The anchor suture is recommended for apical procedures because it provides excellent stability and support. This type of suture involves placing multiple stitches around the apex of the wound, creating a strong anchor point. This helps to prevent any tension or pulling on the wound, promoting proper healing and minimizing the risk of dehiscence or wound breakdown. The anchor suture is particularly useful in areas where there is a high risk of tension or movement, such as the apical region.

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90. Embedding of new periodontal ligament fibers into new cementum and the attachment of new gingiva! epitheiim to a tooth surface previously denuded by disease is called?

Explanation

New attachment refers to the process of embedding new periodontal ligament fibers into new cementum and the attachment of new gingival epithelium to a tooth surface that was previously denuded by disease. This process helps to restore the attachment between the tooth and surrounding tissues, promoting the healing and regeneration of the periodontium.

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91. The following most frequently forms at tooth-tissue interface following flap surgery or curettage?

Explanation

Following flap surgery or curettage, the most frequently formed structure at the tooth-tissue interface is the long junctional epithelium. This is because during these procedures, the gingival tissue is manipulated and repositioned, leading to the formation of a new junctional epithelium that is longer than the original one. The long junctional epithelium helps to provide a seal and attachment between the tooth surface and the gingival tissue, promoting healing and preventing further infection or inflammation.

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92. Root commonly removed in maxillary first molar during hemisection or root section is?

Explanation

During a hemisection or root section of a maxillary first molar, the root that is commonly removed is the distobuccal root. This is because the distobuccal root is usually the most affected or damaged root, and removing it can help preserve the remaining healthy roots and promote better oral health.

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93. What is the basic principle of intra-oral suturing?

Explanation

The basic principle of intra-oral suturing is to achieve an even distribution of tension across the wound. This helps in ensuring proper wound closure and healing. Knotting to the lingual, the more the better, or all of the above are not correct principles of intra-oral suturing.

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94. What immunologic cells are typically found in the healthy periodontium?

Explanation

The correct answer is polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), mast cells, and macrophages. These cells are typically found in the healthy periodontium and play important roles in the immune response. PMNs are the first line of defense against bacterial infections and help to eliminate pathogens. Mast cells release inflammatory mediators and play a role in allergic reactions. Macrophages are involved in phagocytosis and antigen presentation, helping to regulate the immune response. Together, these cells contribute to maintaining the health of the periodontium.

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95. What is the primary reason for failure of free gingival graft?

Explanation

Infection is the primary reason for failure of free gingival graft. Infection can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, compromising the graft's ability to survive and integrate with the surrounding tissues. It can also impair the healing process and increase the risk of complications such as graft necrosis. Therefore, proper infection control measures are crucial to ensure the success of a free gingival graft procedure.

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96. When should a soft tissue graft be considered as an appropriate treatment of gingival recession?

Explanation

A soft tissue graft should be considered as an appropriate treatment of gingival recession when probing extents beyond the mucogingival junction, abnormal frenum attachment, root sensitivity, and root caries are present. These factors indicate that the gum tissue has receded significantly, causing exposure of the tooth roots, which can lead to sensitivity and decay. A soft tissue graft can help restore the gum tissue, cover the exposed roots, and improve overall oral health.

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97. Regional lymphnode enlargement is present in: ?

Explanation

Regional lymphnode enlargement is present in acute pericoronitis. Acute pericoronitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding a partially erupted tooth, usually the third molars (wisdom teeth). This inflammation can cause swelling and tenderness in the nearby lymph nodes, which are part of the body's immune system response. The other conditions listed, such as lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid, and chronic ulcerative stomatitis, do not typically cause regional lymph node enlargement.

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98. Papilla preservation flap:?

Explanation

The papilla preservation flap is a surgical technique used for teeth with wide interdental spaces. This flap procedure aims to preserve the papilla, the triangular gum tissue between the teeth, while accessing the underlying structures. By utilizing this technique, the dentist can maintain the aesthetic appearance of the smile and prevent the formation of black triangles between the teeth.

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99. Greater occlusal pressure on the periodontium produces:

Explanation

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100. Main aim of restoration of carious lesion in phase-I therapy?

Explanation

The main aim of restoration of carious lesions in phase-I therapy is to reduce the microbial source. Carious lesions are caused by bacteria that break down the tooth structure, leading to decay. By restoring the tooth and removing the carious lesion, the microbial source is reduced, preventing further decay and promoting oral health. Restoring the function and form of the tooth are secondary objectives in this context.

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101. Primary purpose of scaling and root?

Explanation

The primary purpose of scaling and root planing is to remove the sulcular epithelium. This procedure involves removing the diseased tissue and bacteria from the periodontal pockets, which are the spaces between the teeth and gums. By removing the sulcular epithelium, the dentist or dental hygienist can access and clean the root surfaces of the teeth, removing calculus and softened necrotic cementum. This helps to promote healing and prevent further progression of gum disease.

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102. Major problem in scaling and root planing in interproximal areas of mandibular anterior tooth is?

Explanation

The major problem in scaling and root planing in interproximal areas of mandibular anterior teeth is the proximity of root surfaces. When the roots of adjacent teeth are close together, it becomes difficult to access and clean the interproximal areas effectively. This can lead to the accumulation of plaque and calculus, which can result in gum disease and other oral health issues. The small dimensions of the crown and root may also contribute to the difficulty of the procedure, but the primary challenge lies in the proximity of the root surfaces.

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103. After gingivectomy complete repair of connective tissue occur in?

Explanation

After gingivectomy, the complete repair of connective tissue takes around 5-7 weeks. This procedure involves the removal of excess gum tissue, and the healing process involves the formation of new tissue to replace the removed tissue. This repair process typically takes several weeks for the new tissue to fully develop and integrate with the surrounding gums. Therefore, it is expected that complete repair of connective tissue would occur within 5-7 weeks after gingivectomy.

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104. Isolated recession on a labially prominent upper canine is noted Examination revealed of keratinised gingiva in that area and the vestibule is shallow. The best method to create zone of attached gingiva in this case ?

Explanation

In this case, the patient has a recession on a labially prominent upper canine, with a shallow vestibule and lack of keratinized gingiva in that area. The best method to create a zone of attached gingiva in this case would be a free pedicle graft. A free pedicle graft involves taking a graft of tissue from the palate and attaching it to the area of recession, allowing for the formation of new attached gingiva. This technique is effective in increasing the width and thickness of the gingiva, providing better protection for the exposed root surface.

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105. Commonly involved tooth with furcatin involvement is?

Explanation

The mandibular first permanent molar is commonly involved with furcation involvement. Furcation involvement refers to the loss of bone and attachment in the area where the roots of a multi-rooted tooth divide. This can lead to increased risk of periodontal disease and tooth loss. The other teeth listed in the options may also experience furcation involvement, but the mandibular first permanent molar is the most commonly affected tooth.

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106. What are common indications for Apically Positioned Flap?

Explanation

The common indications for an Apically Positioned Flap are crown lengthening and pocket reduction. Crown lengthening is a procedure used to expose more of the tooth structure for restorative purposes, while pocket reduction is performed to reduce the depth of periodontal pockets and improve oral hygiene. Root coverage, on the other hand, involves techniques like connective tissue grafts and is not typically associated with an Apically Positioned Flap. Therefore, the correct answer is "a and b only".

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107. What is the first cellular line of defense of the body against the periopathogens?

Explanation

The first cellular line of defense against periopathogens is PMN (polymorphonuclear leukocytes). PMNs are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response by engulfing and destroying pathogens. They are part of the innate immune system and are among the first cells to arrive at the site of infection or inflammation. PMNs are highly effective in killing bacteria and other pathogens, making them an important component of the body's defense against periopathogens.

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108. The dento-gingival restorative interface is average dimension extending from the free gingival to the redeveloped bone of ?

Explanation

The dento-gingival restorative interface is the average dimension extending from the free gingival to the redeveloped bone. This dimension is 3mm.

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109. Which of the following statements is not true for the marginal incision technique ?

Explanation

The statement "Flaps elevated after marginal incisions never need sutures" is not true for the marginal incision technique. This technique involves making incisions along the margins of a wound to create flaps, which are then elevated. While this technique may provide good bleeding control and be surgically safe, sutures are often necessary to secure the elevated flaps and promote proper healing.

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110. The use autogenous grafts utilizing the palatal connective tissue the initial incision for graft harvesting should be made at what measurement above the gingival margin of the maxillary teeth?

Explanation

The correct answer is 2mm. When using autogenous grafts utilizing the palatal connective tissue, the initial incision for graft harvesting should be made at a measurement of 2mm above the gingival margin of the maxillary teeth. This measurement is important as it ensures that enough palatal tissue is harvested for the graft while still maintaining the health and stability of the surrounding teeth and gingiva.

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111. A 27 years-old present to your office all of the following: loss of interdental marginal stippling, blue-red tissue color, and bleeding upon gently probing, Your diagnosis is: ?

Explanation

The given symptoms of loss of interdental marginal stippling, blue-red tissue color, and bleeding upon gentle probing are indicative of chronic gingivitis. Chronic gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gum tissue, which can cause the gum tissue to appear bluish-red and lose its stippling or textured appearance. Bleeding upon probing is also a common sign of chronic gingivitis. Systemic diseases and advanced periodontal diseases may also present with similar symptoms, but the given symptoms specifically point towards chronic gingivitis as the most likely diagnosis.

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112. Which of the following does not come under phase 1 therapy?

Explanation

Removable prosthodontic appliances do not come under phase 1 therapy because phase 1 therapy primarily focuses on the initial treatment of periodontal disease. Plaque control, root planning, and restoration are all part of phase 1 therapy as they involve the removal of plaque and calculus, restoration of damaged teeth, and establishment of proper oral hygiene practices. Removable prosthodontic appliances, on the other hand, are prosthetic devices used to replace missing teeth and are typically considered part of phase 2 or 3 therapy.

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113. The concept of one stage Full mouth disinfection has been put forth to prevent?

Explanation

The concept of one stage Full mouth disinfection aims to prevent the translocation of microorganisms. This means that by disinfecting the entire mouth in one stage, the spread of microorganisms from one area to another can be minimized or eliminated. This is important because the translocation of microorganisms can lead to the colonization of new areas and the development of infections or diseases. By preventing translocation, the risk of further complications can be reduced, promoting better oral health.

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114. Which of the following determines the amount of shrinkage of inflammed tissue after scaling and root planning?

Explanation

Oedema in the tissue determines the amount of shrinkage of inflamed tissue after scaling and root planning. Oedema refers to the swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid in the tissue. Inflammation can cause fluid to accumulate in the tissue, and scaling and root planning help remove the cause of inflammation. As the inflammation subsides and the oedema resolves, the tissue can shrink back to its normal size. Therefore, the presence of oedema in the tissue is the determining factor for the amount of shrinkage that occurs.

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115. Gingivoplasty is more likely to be useful in?

Explanation

Gingivoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves reshaping and contouring the gum tissue. It is typically performed to improve the appearance of the gums or to correct gum abnormalities. ANUG, or Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis, is a severe gum infection that causes painful ulcers and necrosis of the gum tissue. Gingivoplasty may be useful in ANUG to remove the damaged tissue and promote healing. Therefore, ANUG is the condition in which gingivoplasty is more likely to be useful.

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116. All are true of apically positioned flap except?

Explanation

An apically positioned flap is a surgical technique used in periodontal procedures to increase the clinical crown length and preserve the width of attached gingiva. It involves repositioning the gum tissue to a lower position on the tooth, which eliminates pockets and improves the overall health of the gums. However, this technique is not commonly done on the palatal side, as it is typically used on the facial or buccal side of the tooth.

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117. The best way to prevent exposure of dehiscence during surgical procedure is to?

Explanation

Elevating a partial thickness flap is the best way to prevent exposure of dehiscence during a surgical procedure. This technique involves lifting only the outer layers of the flap, leaving the underlying tissues intact. By preserving the blood supply and minimizing trauma to the surgical site, the risk of dehiscence, which is the separation of the wound edges, is reduced. This allows for better healing and reduces the chances of complications during the recovery process.

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118. Glickman classified furcation involvement into 4 grades based on?

Explanation

Glickman classified furcation involvement into 4 grades based on the horizontal measurement of attachment loss. This means that the extent of furcation involvement is determined by measuring the amount of attachment loss horizontally, rather than vertically or not at all. This classification helps in understanding the severity of furcation involvement and planning appropriate treatment strategies.

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119. What is the main indication for using a Sling Suture?

Explanation

The main indication for using a Sling Suture is when only the buccal flap is elevated. This suggests that the Sling Suture is specifically designed to be used in cases where only the buccal flap needs to be elevated, and not in cases where both the buccal and lingual flaps are elevated or where the buccal and palatal flap are elevated.

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120. Which of the following affects the % of root coverage following root coverage surgery the MOST?

Explanation

The height of the interproximal bone affects the % of root coverage following root coverage surgery the most. The interproximal bone refers to the bone between the roots of adjacent teeth. If the interproximal bone is at a sufficient height, it provides support for the soft tissues and allows for successful root coverage. However, if the interproximal bone is too low, it can limit the amount of root coverage that can be achieved during surgery. Therefore, the height of the interproximal bone is a critical factor in determining the success of root coverage surgery.

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121. Which statement are true?

Explanation

Subgingival plaque is the plaque that accumulates below the gumline, in the periodontal pocket. This environment is mostly anaerobic, meaning it lacks oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria thrive in this environment and are the predominant type of bacteria found in subgingival plaque. Additionally, these anaerobic bacteria in subgingival plaque are frequently gram-negative, which means they have a particular cell wall structure that stains pink when exposed to a Gram stain. This distinguishes them from gram-positive bacteria, which stain purple. Therefore, the statement "Subgingival plaque consists mostly of anaerobic bacteria (frequently gram-negative)" is true.

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122. What pathway do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) block?

Explanation

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by blocking the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, which is responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acids. By inhibiting COX, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for inflammation, pain, and fever. Blocking anaerobic bacteria or both cyclooxygenase and anaerobic bacteria are not accurate explanations for the pathway that NSAIDs block.

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123. What are common indications for Apically Positioned Flap?

Explanation

The common indications for an Apically Positioned Flap are crown lengthening and pocket reduction. Crown lengthening is a procedure performed to expose more of the tooth structure for restorative purposes. Pocket reduction, on the other hand, is done to reduce the depth of periodontal pockets and improve oral hygiene. Both procedures involve the use of an apically positioned flap, making them the correct answers in this case. Root coverage is not mentioned as an indication for an apically positioned flap.

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124. The initial incision is placed 0.5-1mm from the gingival margin and parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Following careful elevation of flaps, second intracrevicular incision is made to the alveolar bone crest to separate the tissue collar from the root surface. A third incision is made perpendicular to the root surface and as close as possible to the bone crest, thereby separating the tissue collar from the alveolar bone. This technic called:?

Explanation

The technique described in the passage involves making multiple incisions to separate the tissue collar from the root surface and the alveolar bone. This technique is known as the Modified Widman flap. The other options mentioned in the question, such as Apical position flap, Original Widman flap, Papilla preservation flap, and Kirdland flap, do not match the description of the technique described in the passage.

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125. During pocket elimination by reflecting flap the incision which removes pocket lining is?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Internal bevel or first incision". This is because during pocket elimination by reflecting flap, the incision that removes the pocket lining is the internal bevel or first incision. This incision is made along the inner surface of the gum tissue, allowing access to the pocket and facilitating the removal of the lining. The other options mentioned, such as second incisors or crevicular incision and third incision, are not accurate in this context.

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126. All of the following are contraindications for lateral sliding graft except?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Ultra thin recipient tissue." This means that having ultra thin recipient tissue is not a contraindication for lateral sliding graft. In a lateral sliding graft procedure, a section of tissue is taken from a donor site and placed onto a recipient site to improve the thickness of the tissue. However, if the recipient tissue is already very thin, it may not be suitable for this type of graft. Therefore, having ultra thin recipient tissue would not be a contraindication for the procedure.

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127. Vasculisation of healing of graft (Functional integration of graft) occurs after occur with in?

Explanation

The correct answer is 2-5 weeks. Vasculisation of healing of graft refers to the process of blood vessels growing into the graft to supply it with nutrients and oxygen. This process typically occurs within 2-5 weeks after the graft is placed. It is an essential step in the functional integration of the graft, allowing it to become a part of the surrounding tissue and function properly.

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128. What kind of tissues should compose a Partial Thickness Flap?

Explanation

A partial thickness flap should be composed of both epithelium and connective tissue. Epithelium is the outermost layer of tissue that covers the body's surfaces and lines the internal organs. Connective tissue provides support and structure to the body and includes tissues such as blood, bone, and cartilage. Together, these two types of tissues would form a partial thickness flap.

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129. Which area of the oral cavity has the least amount of attached gingiva?

Explanation

The buccal mandibular premolar has the least amount of attached gingiva in the oral cavity. Attached gingiva refers to the firm, tightly bound gum tissue that surrounds the teeth. The buccal mandibular premolar is located in the lower jaw on the cheek side, and it typically has a smaller amount of attached gingiva compared to other areas in the oral cavity. This can make it more susceptible to gum recession and other periodontal issues.

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130. Crown lengthening is best performed by ?

Explanation

Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed to expose more of the tooth's structure, usually to prepare for a dental restoration. The procedure involves removing or reshaping gum tissue and sometimes also removing a portion of the underlying bone. The correct answer "All of the above" suggests that crown lengthening can be performed using either gingival resection and harmonization with or without osseous resection in natural passive eruption or gingival resection and harmonization with osseous resection in delayed passive eruption. In other words, both techniques can be used depending on the specific case and the desired outcome.

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131. In debriding a root surface for a soft tissue graft, which of the following could be used to treat the root surface?

Explanation

All of the above options, tetracycline, EDTA, and citric acid, can be used to treat the root surface during debriding for a soft tissue graft. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that can help eliminate bacteria, EDTA is a chelating agent that can remove mineral deposits, and citric acid can help remove the smear layer and promote root surface demineralization. Using all of these options together can provide a comprehensive treatment for the root surface, ensuring optimal conditions for the success of the soft tissue graft.

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132. Intracrevicular incision then the gingiva is retracted to expose the diseased root surfaces and the exposed root surfaces are subjected to mechanical debridement then the flap are replaced to their original position and sutured. This technic called. ?

Explanation

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133. What bacteria are associated with localized juvenile periodontitis?

Explanation

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is associated with localized juvenile periodontitis. This bacterium is commonly found in the subgingival plaque of affected individuals and has been shown to play a significant role in the progression of this disease. It is known to produce various virulence factors that can lead to tissue destruction and inflammation in the gums. Therefore, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered a key bacteria associated with localized juvenile periodontitis.

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134. Which of the following about conventional gingivectomy is untrue?

Explanation

Conventional gingivectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove excess gum tissue and eliminate false pockets. It involves healing by secondary intention, where the wound is left open to heal naturally. The procedure can lead to a decrease in the width of the attached gingiva, which is the gum tissue that is firmly attached to the teeth. However, it does not provide accessibility to the alveolar bone, which is the bone that supports the teeth.

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135. All of the following are define indications of mucogingival surgeries (periodontal plastic surgeries’ axsapft?

Explanation

Insufficient width of attached gingiva to mucogingival line is a defined indication for mucogingival surgeries (periodontal plastic surgeries). This means that when there is not enough attached gingiva present between the teeth and the mucogingival line (the line where the gums meet the oral mucosa), it can lead to problems such as gingival recession. Mucogingival surgeries aim to correct this issue by increasing the width of attached gingiva, improving the overall health and aesthetics of the gums.

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136. Fibronectin is used in periodontal therapy as?

Explanation

Fibronectin is used in periodontal therapy as a biomodification of the root surface. This means that it is used to modify the surface of the tooth root in order to enhance the attachment of periodontal tissues and promote healing. Fibronectin helps to promote cell adhesion and migration, which is important in the regeneration of periodontal tissues. It can also help to inhibit bacterial colonization on the root surface. Therefore, using fibronectin as a biomodification of the root surface can improve the success of periodontal therapy and promote better oral health.

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137. In order to maintain proper biologic width after crown lengthening, crown preparation between the margin of the preparation and the crest of bone should be ?

Explanation

To maintain proper biologic width after crown lengthening, the crown preparation between the margin of the preparation and the crest of bone should be 3mm. This is because the biologic width consists of the junctional epithelium and the connective tissue attachment, which together have an average height of 2-3mm. By allowing a 3mm space between the margin and the crest of bone, it ensures that there is enough room for the biologic width to be maintained without causing any damage or inflammation to the surrounding tissues.

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138. What bacteria are associated with ANUG?

Explanation

ANUG stands for Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis, which is a severe form of gum disease. The bacteria associated with ANUG include P. gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevetella intermedia, and the fusospirochetal complex (fusiform bacteria and spirochetes). These bacteria contribute to the development and progression of ANUG, causing tissue destruction and ulceration in the gums. The presence of the fusospirochetal complex, specifically the fusiform bacteria and spirochetes, is particularly associated with ANUG.

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139. Horizontal bone loss is present in : ?

Explanation

Horizontal bone loss is a characteristic feature of chronic periodontitis. This condition is characterized by the gradual and progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth, resulting in the formation of horizontal defects. Unlike vertical bone loss, which is seen in aggressive forms of periodontitis, horizontal bone loss occurs when the bone resorption is relatively uniform around the tooth, leading to a more even and consistent reduction in the bone level. Therefore, chronic periodontitis is the most likely condition associated with horizontal bone loss.

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140. Which of the following is most appropriate for l of therapy if periodontal surgery is needed in? mandibular anterior region

Explanation

Periodontal flap for access is the most appropriate choice for therapy if periodontal surgery is needed in the mandibular anterior region. This procedure involves creating a flap of gum tissue to gain access to the underlying structures, allowing for thorough cleaning, removal of diseased tissue, and repair of any damage. It provides better visibility and accessibility to the affected area, making it an effective option for treating periodontal issues in this specific region.

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141. The purpose of guided tissue regeneration is?

Explanation

The purpose of guided tissue regeneration is to prevent epithelial migration. This technique involves placing a barrier membrane between the soft tissue and the bone, preventing the migration of epithelial cells into the defect area. By preventing epithelial migration, guided tissue regeneration promotes the growth of new connective tissue and bone, leading to better periodontal regeneration and healing.

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142. What medications may affect salivary flow?

Explanation

Antihypertension drugs may affect salivary flow.

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143. Which of the following procedures does not increase the width of attached gingiva?

Explanation

Undisplaced flap is the correct answer because it does not involve any manipulation or movement of the gingival tissue. Undisplaced flap refers to a surgical procedure where the flap of tissue is lifted and repositioned without any changes to its original position or width. In contrast, procedures such as coronally displaced flap, free gingival autograft, and pedicle graft all involve the movement or addition of tissue to increase the width of attached gingiva.

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144. Surgicial lengthening is indicated when?

Explanation

Surgical lengthening is indicated when there is subgingival caries or fracture, inadequate clinical crown length for retention, or unequal or unesthetic gingival height. This means that surgical lengthening is necessary in all of these situations.

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145. According to Melcher concept, the regeneration of new attachment is from?

Explanation

According to the Melcher concept, the regeneration of new attachment occurs from the periodontal ligament. The periodontal ligament is a connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the tooth root to the alveolar bone. It contains various cells and fibers that play a crucial role in supporting and anchoring the tooth in its socket. During the regeneration process, the periodontal ligament cells are responsible for forming new attachment structures, such as cementum and collagen fibers, which help to reestablish the connection between the tooth root and the surrounding tissues.

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146. Success of a free gingival graft depends on?

Explanation

The success of a free gingival graft depends on the proper immobilization of the graft at the recipient site. This is because the graft needs to be held securely in place to allow for proper healing and integration with the surrounding tissues. Without proper immobilization, the graft may become dislodged or move, which can hinder its ability to heal and potentially lead to graft failure. Donor tissue thickness and the presence of a blood clot on the recipient bed site may also be important factors, but they are not the sole determinants of the success of the graft.

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147. Flaps that accomplish the double objectives of pocket elimination and increasing the width of attached gingiva is?

Explanation

An apical displaced flap is a type of flap that is used in periodontal surgery to achieve two objectives: pocket elimination and increasing the width of attached gingiva. This flap is designed to be moved apically (towards the root) to eliminate the pocket and create a new attachment of the gingiva to the tooth surface. By doing so, it helps to reduce the depth of the pocket and increase the amount of attached gingiva, which is beneficial for maintaining good periodontal health.

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148. Which of the following is a mucogingival surgery?

Explanation

A mucogingival surgery is a procedure that involves the manipulation of both the soft tissue of the gums (gingiva) and the underlying bone. The options provided are all different types of gum surgeries, but only the free gingival graft involves the transfer of gum tissue from one area to another to increase the amount of attached gingiva. This procedure is commonly used to treat gum recession and improve the stability and health of the gum tissue.

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149. Which of the following techniques refer to autogenous soft tissue grafting?

Explanation

Autogenous soft tissue grafting refers to the process of using the patient's own tissue for grafting purposes. The techniques mentioned in the options, namely free gingival graft, connective tissue onlay graft, and vascularized interposition connective graft, all involve using the patient's own soft tissue for grafting. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

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150. In the use of antibiotics in the treatment of adult periodontitis the following statements is ture ?

Explanation

The correct answer states that in a small subset of patients with adult periodontitis, specifically those with refractory periodontal disease and rapidly progressive periodontitis, there is a benefit from using antibiotics. This implies that antibiotics should not routinely be used in the initial and maintenance treatment of adult periodontitis, and there is no evidence to suggest that antibiotics are useful in the treatment of adult periodontitis in general. Diagnostic cultures are important when considering the use of antibiotics, but this is not always necessary.

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151. Which of the following tis graft on denuded root surface?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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152. During soft tissue curettage the following occur?

Explanation

During soft tissue curettage, the process involves the removal of diseased connective tissue. This procedure is commonly performed in periodontal therapy to eliminate or reduce the inflammation caused by periodontal disease. By removing the diseased connective tissue, it helps to promote healing and regeneration of healthy tissue. This process also helps to remove any bacteria or toxins present in the diseased tissue, aiding in the overall improvement of the patient's oral health.

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153. Indication of gingivectomy is?

Explanation

Gingivectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of excess gum tissue. It is indicated when there is an adequate amount of attached gingiva, which refers to the gum tissue that is firmly attached to the underlying bone. Adequate attached gingiva provides stability and support to the gums and teeth, and its presence is important for maintaining good oral health. Therefore, if there is a lack of attached gingiva, it may be necessary to perform a gingivectomy to create a sufficient amount of attached gingiva.

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154. Which of the following flap techniques does not eliminate pocket depth and hence cannot increase the width of keratinised gingiva?

Explanation

The Modified Widman flap technique does not eliminate pocket depth and therefore cannot increase the width of keratinized gingiva. This technique is primarily used for access and debridement of root surfaces, and it involves the reflection of a flap without any displacement or removal of tissue. The goal of the Modified Widman flap is to remove the inflamed soft tissue lining the pocket, allowing for better visualization and access to the root surface for thorough cleaning. However, it does not address the issue of pocket depth or increase the width of keratinized gingiva.

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We need to consider which of the following in the treatment of...
In an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis the most...
In an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis the most...
Modified Widman Flap was first introduce by ?
All the following are phases of periodontal treatment plan except: ?
During an acute gingival inflammation response, which of the following...
Gracey curretes used to scale distal surface of posterior teeth are ?
Gracey curretes used to scale mesial surface of posterior teeth are :...
Periodontal attachment loss detect clinically: ?
60 years diabetic patient, present clinically with periodontal...
Subgingival curettage should provide favourable results in?
Which of the incisions is not followed in periodontal flap surgeries?
Subepithelial connective tissue graft was described by?
Biobrane is a commercially available?
The primary aetiologic factor in the development of furcation defect...
What is the most advantage of full thickness flap when compared to a...
What are advantages of a positive knot when compared to a negative...
Where should releasing incisions be placed?
What is the crown-to-root ratio in a healthy dentition?
Which blades can be considered standard in dentistry?
Which suture material is commonly used in dentistry?
The Lingual nerve ?
Acellular dermal grafts work best when they are completely submerged...
Which of the following is NOT a function of a provisional restoration...
Autografts refer to ?
For human patients, all of these could be sources of xenografts...
We need to consider which of the following in the treatment of...
In terms of the treatment of the adult periodontitis patients: ?
Pre-operative preparation of exposed roots following gingival...
The following substance(s) can be used to condition the root surface...
Apical position flap was first introduced by ?
Papilla preservation flap was first introduced by ?
Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis ?
In the present of abundant plaque formation hyperplastic gingivitis...
In Periodontal disease, loss of which of the following fiber bundles...
The mobility of the teeth is graded 3 if : ?
Furcation involvement is measure by: ?
16 years boy, present clinically with attachment loss related to 1st...
Planning of periodontal surgery best accomplished at: ?
Most commonly used periodontal pack is/are: ?
On human jaws there are anatomical areas which can be used as a source...
Adult patient present clinically with irregular thickness of buccal...
Curettage comes under?
A patient returned on week after scaling and prophylaxis. Hard black...
The only valid method to assess periodontal regeneration is?
What is the most common indication for Coronally Positioned Flap?
What kind of tissues should compose of Full Thickness Flap?
What is (are) the most important anatomical structures to be respected...
Which bony defect is most likely to repair or fill naturally after...
What bacteria are associated with ANUG?
What is the primary symptom of root sensitivity?
A high lip line can have a multifactorial etiology?
Which of the following aspects does not have to be considered in...
The mental nerve can frequently be found ?
Following root coverage surgery on a tooth, what is the suggested...
There are a number of ways to control bleeding at the donor site,...
Which is the best method of brushing technique preferred for the...
40 years diabetic patient, present clinically with periodontal...
Root planning is ?
Average human biologic width is?
Periodontal surgery can be classified into many types, of those types...
Clinical changes that may be apparent after scaling and root planning?
The following is critical for success of a subgingival curettage...
After curettage, re-epthelialization of sulcus occurs in?
Gingivectomy is done with ?
Periodontal surgery may accomplish?
Which one of the following clinical findings has greatest effect on...
If periodontal surgery is necessary in case of horizontal of the...
The term gingival ablation indicates?
If pre-treatment pocket depth is 6 mm and width of attached gingiva is...
The outcome of results of laterally positioned flap depends on?
Free gingival graft usually placed on?
After placement of a free gingival graft first it undergoes?
After reflection of full thickness graft, post-surgical alveolar bone...
Langer technique is used in?
Vestibular extension procedure results in?
A suturing needle used in peroiodontal surery should have?
Reattachment procedures most commonly?
In which of the following procedures, periodontal pack is not given?
In an adult patient with chronic adult periodontitis the most...
When should a soft tissue graft be considered as an appropriate...
Incision in the esthetic zone with regards to semi-lunar graft...
Two releasing incisions demarcate the area schedule for surgical...
Which of the following statements accurately interrelates the tooth...
Periodontium include all of the following: ?
Procedures is indicated in early?
At the time of healihng of gingival wounds epithelial cells migrate at...
The reshaping process of gingiva in the absence of periodontal pocket...
Type of suture recommended for apical?
Embedding of new periodontal ligament fibers into new cementum and the...
The following most frequently forms at tooth-tissue interface...
Root commonly removed in maxillary first molar during hemisection or...
What is the basic principle of intra-oral suturing?
What immunologic cells are typically found in the healthy...
What is the primary reason for failure of free gingival graft?
When should a soft tissue graft be considered as an appropriate...
Regional lymphnode enlargement is present in: ?
Papilla preservation flap:?
Greater occlusal pressure on the periodontium produces:
Main aim of restoration of carious lesion in phase-I therapy?
Primary purpose of scaling and root?
Major problem in scaling and root planing in interproximal areas of...
After gingivectomy complete repair of connective tissue occur in?
Isolated recession on a labially prominent upper canine is noted...
Commonly involved tooth with furcatin involvement is?
What are common indications for Apically Positioned Flap?
What is the first cellular line of defense of the body against the...
The dento-gingival restorative interface is average dimension...
Which of the following statements is not true for the marginal...
The use autogenous grafts utilizing the palatal connective tissue the...
A 27 years-old present to your office all of the following: loss of...
Which of the following does not come under phase 1 therapy?
The concept of one stage Full mouth disinfection has been put forth to...
Which of the following determines the amount of shrinkage of inflammed...
Gingivoplasty is more likely to be useful in?
All are true of apically positioned flap except?
The best way to prevent exposure of dehiscence during surgical...
Glickman classified furcation involvement into 4 grades based on?
What is the main indication for using a Sling Suture?
Which of the following affects the % of root coverage following root...
Which statement are true?
What pathway do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) block?
What are common indications for Apically Positioned Flap?
The initial incision is placed 0.5-1mm from the gingival margin and...
During pocket elimination by reflecting flap the incision which...
All of the following are contraindications for lateral sliding graft...
Vasculisation of healing of graft (Functional integration of graft)...
What kind of tissues should compose a Partial Thickness Flap?
Which area of the oral cavity has the least amount of attached...
Crown lengthening is best performed by ?
In debriding a root surface for a soft tissue graft, which of the...
Intracrevicular incision then the gingiva is retracted to expose the...
What bacteria are associated with localized juvenile periodontitis?
Which of the following about conventional gingivectomy is untrue?
All of the following are define indications of mucogingival surgeries...
Fibronectin is used in periodontal therapy as?
In order to maintain proper biologic width after crown lengthening,...
What bacteria are associated with ANUG?
Horizontal bone loss is present in : ?
Which of the following is most appropriate for l of therapy if...
The purpose of guided tissue regeneration is?
What medications may affect salivary flow?
Which of the following procedures does not increase the width of...
Surgicial lengthening is indicated when?
According to Melcher concept, the regeneration of new attachment is...
Success of a free gingival graft depends on?
Flaps that accomplish the double objectives of pocket elimination and...
Which of the following is a mucogingival surgery?
Which of the following techniques refer to autogenous soft tissue...
In the use of antibiotics in the treatment of adult periodontitis the...
Which of the following tis graft on denuded root surface?
During soft tissue curettage the following occur?
Indication of gingivectomy is?
Which of the following flap techniques does not eliminate pocket depth...
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