MCQs 303 Periodontology Prof. Lim Sokun 2019
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- 1.
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the enamel organ?
- A.
Odontoblast layer
- B.
Stellate reticulum
- C.
Stratum intermedium
- D.
Stellate reticulum Odontoblast layer
Correct Answer
A. Odontoblast layerExplanation
The odontoblast layer is not part of the enamel organ. The enamel organ is a structure that forms during tooth development and consists of several layers, including the outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium, and inner enamel epithelium. The odontoblast layer, on the other hand, is located in the dental pulp and is responsible for producing dentin, which is a layer beneath the enamel. Therefore, the odontoblast layer is not part of the enamel organ.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which portion of the tooth germ is the primary source of the periodontal ligament?
- A.
Dental follicle
- B.
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
- C.
Stratum intermedium
- D.
Dental follicl Stratum intermedium
Correct Answer
A. Dental follicleExplanation
The dental follicle is the primary source of the periodontal ligament. The dental follicle is a specialized connective tissue that surrounds the developing tooth and is responsible for the formation of various structures, including the periodontal ligament. This ligament plays a crucial role in supporting the tooth within the socket and helping to anchor it to the surrounding bone. Therefore, the dental follicle is the correct answer as it is the primary source of the periodontal ligament.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which portion of the tooth germ is the primary source of the junctional epithelium?
- A.
Stratum intermedium
- B.
Outer enamel epithelium
- C.
Stellate reticulum
- D.
Stellate reticulum, Stratum intermedium
Correct Answer
A. Stratum intermediumExplanation
The stratum intermedium is the primary source of the junctional epithelium in the tooth germ. The junctional epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue that forms the attachment between the tooth and the surrounding gum tissue. It is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the tooth-gum interface and plays a crucial role in preventing bacterial invasion and infection. The stratum intermedium is located between the inner enamel epithelium and the outer enamel epithelium in the tooth germ and is involved in the development of the enamel organ.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following structures does not belong to the periodontal tissues?
- A.
Basal bone
- B.
Alveolar bone
- C.
Cementum
- D.
Alveolar bone Cementum
Correct Answer
A. Basal boneExplanation
Basal bone does not belong to the periodontal tissues because it is not directly involved in the support and attachment of the teeth. Basal bone refers to the bone that forms the base of the skull and the lower part of the jawbone, whereas periodontal tissues specifically refer to the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth, such as alveolar bone and cementum.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Basal bone is not part of the periodontium, as it is located under the alveolar process that houses the dentition. Following completion of amelogenesis in humans, the anatomic crown is lined with a layer of reduced enamel epithelium. This layer is derived primarily from which of the following?
- A.
Stratum intermedium and ameloblast layer
- B.
Outer enamel epithelium and stellate reticulum
- C.
Stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium
- D.
Stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium&Stratum intermedium and ameloblast layer
Correct Answer
A. Stratum intermedium and ameloblast layerExplanation
After the completion of amelogenesis in humans, the anatomic crown is lined with a layer of reduced enamel epithelium. This layer is primarily derived from the stratum intermedium and ameloblast layer. The stratum intermedium is a layer of cells located between the ameloblasts and the outer enamel epithelium. The ameloblast layer is responsible for the formation of enamel during tooth development. Therefore, the stratum intermedium and ameloblast layer contribute to the formation of the reduced enamel epithelium that lines the anatomic crown.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In the presence of HEAVY function the periodontal ligament undergoes certain changes as compared to a ligament in light function. Which of the following statements best describes these changes?
- A.
Increased width and increased cellularity
- B.
Decreased width and increased cellularity
- C.
Increased width and decreased cellularity
- D.
Decreased width and increased cellularity Increased width and decreased cellularity
Correct Answer
A. Increased width and increased cellularityExplanation
In the presence of heavy function, the periodontal ligament undergoes certain changes. These changes include an increase in width and an increase in cellularity. This means that the ligament becomes wider and there is an increase in the number of cells present in the ligament. This could be due to the increased stress and load placed on the ligament during heavy function, leading to an adaptive response of increased tissue width and cellularity to support and stabilize the tooth.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following tissues is the MOST likely source of cementogenic cells in adults who have undergone root planing?
- A.
Periodontal ligament
- B.
Bone marrow
- C.
Residual cementum patches
- D.
Bone marrow Periodontal ligament
Correct Answer
A. Periodontal ligamentExplanation
The periodontal ligament is the most likely source of cementogenic cells in adults who have undergone root planing. The periodontal ligament is a connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth and helps anchor it to the surrounding bone. It contains specialized cells called cementoblasts, which are responsible for producing cementum, a calcified tissue that covers the root surface. During root planing, the outer layer of cementum may be removed, and the periodontal ligament can serve as a source of new cementoblasts to regenerate and repair the cementum.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following fiber groups DO NOT contribute to tooth anchorage?
- A.
Intergingival fiber group
- B.
Periapical fiber group
- C.
Horizontal fiber group
- D.
Periapical fiber group, Horizontal fiber group
Correct Answer
A. Intergingival fiber groupExplanation
The intergingival fiber group does not contribute to tooth anchorage. This group of fibers is located in the gingival tissue and helps to support the gingiva and maintain its position around the tooth. However, it does not play a role in anchoring the tooth to the surrounding bone. The other fiber groups listed, such as the periapical and horizontal fiber groups, are involved in tooth anchorage by connecting the tooth to the surrounding bone and providing stability.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following statements about periodontal probing is MOST accurate?
- A.
Generally overestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth
- B.
Generally underestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth
- C.
Generally accurately measures anatomic sulcus or pocket depth
- D.
Generally underestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth,Generally overestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth
Correct Answer
A. Generally overestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depthExplanation
Periodontal probing is a dental procedure used to measure the depth of the sulcus or pocket between the gum and the tooth. The correct answer states that periodontal probing generally overestimates the depth of the sulcus or pocket. This means that the measurements obtained through periodontal probing tend to be greater than the actual depth of the sulcus or pocket. This could be due to factors such as tissue inflammation or the insertion angle of the probe.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of these collagen types are NOT found in the periodontal ligament?
- A.
Type II
- B.
Type I
- C.
Type IV
- D.
Type I Type II
Correct Answer
A. Type IIExplanation
Type II collagen is not found in the periodontal ligament. The periodontal ligament is a connective tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth, and it primarily consists of Type I collagen fibers. Type II collagen, on the other hand, is found in cartilage and is responsible for its structural integrity. Therefore, Type II collagen is not present in the periodontal ligament.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of these cell combinations are responsible for the production of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum?
- A.
Cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts
- B.
Cementoblasts and cell rests of Malassez
- C.
Cementoblasts and osteoblasts
- D.
Cementoblasts and cell rests of Malassez Cementoblasts and osteoblasts
Correct Answer
A. Cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblastsExplanation
Cementoblasts are responsible for the production of cementum, which is a specialized mineralized tissue that covers the root surface of teeth. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts, on the other hand, are responsible for the formation and maintenance of the periodontal ligament, which connects the tooth root to the surrounding bone. Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum is a type of cementum that contains extrinsic collagen fibers, which are produced by both cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Therefore, the correct answer is Cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The narrowest zone of gingiva is found in the region of?
- A.
The buccal surface of the mandibular canine and first premolar
- B.
The buccal surface of the maxillary first molar
- C.
The lingual surface of the mandibular first molar
- D.
The buccal surface of the maxillary first molar The lingual surface of the mandibular first molar
Correct Answer
A. The buccal surface of the mandibular canine and first premolarExplanation
The narrowest zone of gingiva is found in the region of the buccal surface of the mandibular canine and first premolar. This is because the gingiva in this area is thinner compared to other areas in the mouth. The buccal surface refers to the outer surface of the teeth facing the cheeks or lips.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The gingival groove, when present, is a good indicator of ?
- A.
Neither of the above
- B.
Gingival health
- C.
Location of the gingival sulcus bottom
- D.
Gingival healthLocation of the gingival sulcus bottom
Correct Answer
A. Neither of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "Neither of the above." The gingival groove, when present, is not a good indicator of gingival health or the location of the gingival sulcus bottom. It is a developmental groove that can sometimes be seen on the surface of the teeth, particularly in the cervical third of the crown. It does not have any direct correlation with gingival health or the depth of the gingival sulcus.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The retrocuspid papilla is ?
- A.
A mucosal projection located lingual to the mandibular canines
- B.
A pathologic alteration of the interdental gingiva between the mandibular canines and first premolar
- C.
A gingival anomaly associated with periodontal pockets
- D.
A mucosal projection located lingual to the mandibular canines A pathologic alteration of the interdental gingiva between the mandibular canines and first premolar
Correct Answer
A. A mucosal projection located lingual to the mandibular caninesExplanation
The retrocuspid papilla is a mucosal projection located lingual to the mandibular canines.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is the most permeable portion of the gingival epithelium?
- A.
The junctional epithelium
- B.
The sulcular epithelium
- C.
The oral epithelium
- D.
The sulcular epithelium The oral epithelium
Correct Answer
A. The junctional epitheliumExplanation
The junctional epithelium is the most permeable portion of the gingival epithelium. This is because it is located at the base of the gingival sulcus, forming a seal between the tooth surface and the gingiva. It has a unique structure that allows for the exchange of fluids, cells, and molecules between the gingival tissue and the oral cavity. This permeability is important for maintaining the health of the periodontal tissues and facilitating immune response against bacterial invasion.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is not a gingival fiber group?
- A.
Alveolar crest
- B.
Semicircular
- C.
Transsepta
- D.
Semicircular, Alveolar crest Transsepta
Correct Answer
A. Alveolar crestExplanation
The correct answer is Alveolar crest. The other options, Semicircular, Transsepta, and Semicircular, Transsepta, are all gingival fiber groups. The Alveolar crest is not a gingival fiber group, but rather refers to the bony ridge that surrounds and supports the teeth.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Anchoring fibrils are found?
- A.
In the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa
- B.
Between the lamina densa and the lamina lucida
- C.
Between the epithelial cell surface and the lamina lucida
- D.
Between the lamina densa and the lamina lucida Between the epithelial cell surface and the lamina lucida
Correct Answer
A. In the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densaExplanation
Anchoring fibrils are found in the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa. These fibrils play a crucial role in attaching the basement membrane to the underlying connective tissue. They provide structural support and stability to the epithelial cells by anchoring them to the surrounding tissue. This anchoring helps maintain the integrity and function of the epithelial layer.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The lamina densa contains what type of collagen?
- A.
Type IV
- B.
Type I
- C.
Type VII
- D.
Type IType IV
Correct Answer
A. Type IVExplanation
The lamina densa is a component of the basement membrane, which is located between epithelial and connective tissues. It is primarily composed of type IV collagen. Type IV collagen is unique compared to other collagen types as it forms a mesh-like structure that provides structural support and stability to the basement membrane. This collagen type is essential for maintaining the integrity and function of various tissues and organs in the body.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The anchoring fibrils are composed of what type of collagen?
- A.
Type VII
- B.
Type I
- C.
Type IV
- D.
Type I Type IV
Correct Answer
A. Type VIIExplanation
Anchoring fibrils are composed of Type VII collagen.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The term epithelial attachment properly refers to ?
- A.
The interface of the junctional epithelium with the tooth
- B.
Junctional epithelium
- C.
The hemidesmosomes of basal cells
- D.
Junctional epithelium , The interface of the junctional epithelium with the tooth
Correct Answer
A. The interface of the junctional epithelium with the toothExplanation
The term "epithelial attachment" refers to the interface between the junctional epithelium and the tooth. This interface is where the junctional epithelium attaches to the tooth surface, forming a seal to protect the underlying tissues from bacterial invasion. The junctional epithelium is a specialized type of epithelium that lines the gingival sulcus and plays a crucial role in maintaining periodontal health. The hemidesmosomes of basal cells are involved in anchoring the junctional epithelium to the tooth surface.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The average width of the periodontal ligament around a functional permanent tooth is ?
- A.
0.2 - 0.3 mm
- B.
0.5 - 1.0 mm
- C.
0.03 - 0.05 mm
- D.
0.2 - 0.3 mm, 0.03 - 0.05 mm
Correct Answer
A. 0.2 - 0.3 mmExplanation
The average width of the periodontal ligament around a functional permanent tooth is 0.2 - 0.3 mm.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following has the highest rate of desquamation (i.e. number of cells shed per unit surface area) ?
- A.
Junctional epithelium
- B.
Oral epithelium
- C.
Sulcular epithelium
- D.
Oral epithelium Sulcular epithelium
Correct Answer
A. Junctional epitheliumExplanation
Junctional epithelium has the highest rate of desquamation compared to oral and sulcular epithelium. Desquamation refers to the shedding of cells from the surface of a tissue. Junctional epithelium is found at the interface between the tooth and the gum tissue, and it undergoes rapid turnover due to its constant exposure to bacteria and mechanical forces. This constant shedding and renewal of cells help to maintain the health and integrity of the periodontal tissues. On the other hand, oral and sulcular epithelium have a lower rate of desquamation as they are not subjected to the same level of mechanical stress and bacterial exposure.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Anchorage of the tooth to the alveolar process is mediated through which of the following?
- A.
Sharpey's fibers
- B.
Transseptal fibers
- C.
Oxytalan fibers
- D.
Transseptal fibers Oxytalan fibers
Correct Answer
A. Sharpey's fibersExplanation
Sharpey's fibers are responsible for anchoring the tooth to the alveolar process. These fibers are collagenous fibers that extend from the cementum of the tooth into the surrounding bone. They provide a strong attachment between the tooth and the alveolar bone, ensuring stability and support. Transseptal fibers, on the other hand, connect adjacent teeth, while oxytalan fibers are found in elastic tissues and have no role in tooth anchorage.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The cell rests of Malassez are?
- A.
Cells derived from odontogenic epithelium
- B.
Endothelial cell remnants
- C.
Glandular elements secreting gingival fluid
- D.
Cells derived from odontogenic epitheliu Endothelial cell remnants
Correct Answer
A. Cells derived from odontogenic epitheliumExplanation
The cell rests of Malassez are derived from odontogenic epithelium. They are remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, which is involved in the development of tooth roots. These cell rests are found in the periodontal ligament and are believed to play a role in tooth development and regeneration.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The alveolus is lined with?
- A.
A cribriform plate of compact bone
- B.
A cancellous bone surface
- C.
A continuous layer of Haversian bone
- D.
A cribriform plate of compact bone A cancellous bone surface
Correct Answer
A. A cribriform plate of compact boneExplanation
The alveolus is a small cavity or socket in the bone that holds a tooth. It is lined with a cribriform plate of compact bone. Compact bone is dense and strong, providing support and protection to the tooth. The cribriform plate has small holes or perforations that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through, ensuring the tooth receives necessary nutrients and sensory information. The cancellous bone surface, on the other hand, is spongy in nature and is typically found deeper within the bone. It does not line the alveolus. A continuous layer of Haversian bone is also not present in the alveolus.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following best describes the histology of a predominantly resorbing bone surface?
- A.
Reversal lines and Howship's lacunae
- B.
Reversal lines
- C.
Howship's lacunae
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Reversal lines and Howship's lacunaeExplanation
The histology of a predominantly resorbing bone surface is characterized by the presence of both reversal lines and Howship's lacunae. Reversal lines are areas where bone resorption has occurred and new bone formation is about to take place. Howship's lacunae, on the other hand, are small pits or depressions on the bone surface where osteoclasts have resorbed bone tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is "Reversal lines and Howship's lacunae."Rate this question:
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- 27.
Failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to separate from the dentin surface during root development may give rise to which of the following anomalies?
- A.
Enamel pearls
- B.
Hypercementosis
- C.
Sessile cementicles
- D.
Sessile cementicles , Enamel pearls
Correct Answer
A. Enamel pearlsExplanation
Failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to separate from the dentin surface during root development can lead to the formation of enamel pearls. Enamel pearls are small nodules of enamel that are found on the root surface of teeth. They can cause problems such as periodontal disease and root resorption.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In humans, bundle bone is most likely to be found?
- A.
On the distal surface of the alveolus
- B.
On the mesial surface of the alveolus
- C.
Lining the fundus of the alveolus
- D.
On the distal surface of the alveolus Lining the fundus of the alveolus
Correct Answer
A. On the distal surface of the alveolusExplanation
Bundle bone refers to the compact bone that surrounds the tooth socket or alveolus. It provides support and stability to the tooth within the socket. The distal surface of the alveolus refers to the surface that is away from the midline or towards the back of the mouth. Therefore, the correct answer is that bundle bone is most likely to be found on the distal surface of the alveolus.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following cell types is unable to undergo mitosis?
- A.
Ameloblasts
- B.
Pre-ameloblasts
- C.
Stratum intermedium cells
- D.
Ameloblasts Pre-ameloblasts
Correct Answer
A. AmeloblastsExplanation
Ameloblasts are unable to undergo mitosis because they are fully differentiated cells that are responsible for enamel formation during tooth development. Once they have completed their function, they do not divide or replicate like other cells. Instead, they undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) and are eventually replaced by other cells. This lack of ability to undergo mitosis is essential for the proper formation and maintenance of enamel in teeth.Rate this question:
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- 30.
CELLULAR cementum is most likely found around ?
- A.
The apical portion of the root
- B.
The cervical portion of the root
- C.
The root of an unerupted tooth
- D.
The root of an unerupted tooth The apical portion of the root
Correct Answer
A. The apical portion of the rootExplanation
Cellular cementum is a type of cementum that contains cementocytes and is involved in the repair and remodeling of the root surface. It is typically found in the apical portion of the root, which is the tip or end of the root. This is where the cementum is actively formed and deposited to protect and support the tooth. Therefore, it is most likely to find cellular cementum in the apical portion of the root.Rate this question:
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- 31.
In human teeth, afibrillar cementum is most likely encountered as ?
- A.
Coronal cementum
- B.
Radicular cementum in furcations
- C.
On the roots of unerupted teeth
- D.
Coronal cementum Radicular cementum in furcations
Correct Answer
A. Coronal cementumExplanation
Afibrillar cementum is most likely encountered as coronal cementum. This is because coronal cementum is found on the crown portion of the tooth, which is the part that is visible above the gumline. Afibrillar cementum is a type of cementum that lacks collagen fibers, and it is typically found in areas of the tooth that are not subjected to heavy mechanical forces, such as the coronal portion. Radicular cementum is found on the roots of teeth, while furcations are the areas where the roots of multi-rooted teeth diverge, and radicular cementum can be found in furcations as well. However, the most likely location for afibrillar cementum is the coronal portion of the tooth.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The major type of collagen associated with bone matrix is?
- A.
Type I
- B.
Type II
- C.
Type X
- D.
Type I & Type II
Correct Answer
A. Type IExplanation
Type I collagen is the major type of collagen associated with bone matrix. Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of bone, providing strength and support to the bone structure. Type I collagen is abundant in bones, tendons, and skin, and it forms the primary protein component of the organic matrix in bone tissue. It provides tensile strength and helps to resist stretching forces, making it essential for the integrity and durability of bones. Type II collagen, on the other hand, is found in cartilage and is not directly associated with bone matrix.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The lamina dura on radiographs corresponds to: ?
- A.
The alveolar bone proper
- B.
The buccal and lingual cortical plates of the jawbone
- C.
The supporting cancellous bone between the teeth
- D.
The supporting cancellous bone between the teeth The alveolar bone proper
Correct Answer
A. The alveolar bone properExplanation
The lamina dura on radiographs corresponds to the alveolar bone proper. The alveolar bone proper, also known as the cribriform plate, is a thin layer of compact bone that lines the tooth socket and provides support to the teeth. It appears as a radiopaque line on radiographs, indicating its presence. The buccal and lingual cortical plates of the jawbone, as well as the supporting cancellous bone between the teeth, are not specifically represented by the lamina dura.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Dental calculus:?
- A.
Contains predominantly crystals ofhydroxyapatite when mature
- B.
Is a causative agent in periodontitis& Forms on the coronal aspects of teeth only
- C.
Is plaque that has become mineralised with ionsfrom gingival crevicular fluid
- D.
Does not contain bacteria
Correct Answer
A. Contains predominantly crystals ofhydroxyapatite when matureExplanation
Dental calculus is a hardened deposit that forms on the teeth. When it matures, it predominantly contains crystals of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is a mineral form of calcium phosphate that is the main component of tooth enamel. Therefore, the presence of hydroxyapatite crystals in dental calculus indicates that it is composed of mineralized substances derived from the teeth.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Porphyromonas gingivdis:?
- A.
Has the ability to invade gingival soft tissues, Is generally encapsulated
- B.
Is one of the first bacterial species to colonise a newly cleaned tooth surface
- C.
Is a causative organism for localised aggressive periodontitis
- D.
Is an obligate aerobe
Correct Answer
A. Has the ability to invade gingival soft tissues, Is generally encapsulatedExplanation
Porphyromonas gingivalis has the ability to invade gingival soft tissues, meaning it can penetrate and infect the gum tissues. It is also generally encapsulated, which means it is surrounded by a protective capsule. This capsule helps the bacteria evade the immune system and establish a persistent infection. These characteristics make Porphyromonas gingivalis a significant pathogen in periodontal disease, as it can cause inflammation and destruction of the gum tissues.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Concerning the following organisms associated with periodontal diseases:
- A.
Streptococci and Actinomyces spp. are early colonising organisms& Fusobacterium nudedum is an anaerobic motile rod implicated in chronic periodontitis
- B.
Porphyromonas gingivdis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are frequently isolated from healthy sites
- C.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is effectively removed from periodontally involved sites by scaling and root planing
- D.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is an indigenous component of oral microflora
Correct Answer
A. Streptococci and Actinomyces spp. are early colonising organisms& Fusobacterium nudedum is an anaerobic motile rod implicated in chronic periodontitisExplanation
Streptococci and Actinomyces spp. are early colonizing organisms in periodontal diseases. This means that they are among the first bacteria to colonize the periodontal tissues and initiate the disease process. Fusobacterium nudedum, on the other hand, is an anaerobic motile rod that is associated with chronic periodontitis. This means that it is commonly found in individuals with chronic periodontitis and is believed to play a role in the progression of the disease.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The established inflammatory lesion of gingivitis:
- A.
Is associated clinically with increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
- B.
Is recognisable histologically within 2–4 days of plaque growth,
- C.
Represents the transition between gingivitis and periodontitis
- D.
Is dominated by a T lymphocyte infiltrate
- E.
Can be diagnosed clinically by the presence of gingival erythema and oedema
Correct Answer
A. Is associated clinically with increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)Explanation
The correct answer is "Is associated clinically with increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)." This is because gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gums, which leads to an increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid. This fluid is a serum exudate that is released from the inflamed gingival tissues and can be measured clinically as a sign of inflammation. The increased flow of GCF is a diagnostic feature of gingivitis and can help differentiate it from healthy gums.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils):
- A.
Represent the first line of cellular defences against periodontal pathogens, Contribute to the destruction of the periodontal tissues during periodontitis and are almost always found in the gingival tissues
- B.
Are not found in the gingival sulcus
- C.
Secrete matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) type 1
- D.
Contribute to the destruction of the periodontal tissues during periodontitis
Correct Answer
A. Represent the first line of cellular defences against periodontal pathogens, Contribute to the destruction of the periodontal tissues during periodontitis and are almost always found in the gingival tissuesExplanation
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, also known as neutrophils, play a crucial role in the immune response against periodontal pathogens. They are the first line of defense and are responsible for combating these pathogens. Additionally, they contribute to the destruction of periodontal tissues during periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Neutrophils are almost always found in the gingival tissues, highlighting their importance in the local immune response. However, they are not typically found in the gingival sulcus, which is the narrow space between the tooth and the gum.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR):
- A.
Is dependent on the formation of a stable blood clot for best results
- B.
Is indicated in class I furcation defects
- C.
Typically results in clinical improvements in probing depths, attachment levels and gingival recession
- D.
Requires the use of a non-resorbable membrane (e.g. ePTFE) for best results in osseointegration
Correct Answer
A. Is dependent on the formation of a stable blood clot for best resultsExplanation
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a technique used in periodontal therapy to promote the regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. It involves creating a barrier using a membrane to prevent the migration of epithelial cells into the defect area, allowing the regeneration of periodontal ligament and bone. The formation of a stable blood clot is crucial for GTR to be successful because it provides a scaffold for the migration and proliferation of cells involved in the regeneration process. Without a stable blood clot, the regeneration process may be compromised, leading to suboptimal results.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Periodontal flap surgery:
- A.
Results in the formation of a long junction epithelium, Frequently results in compromised aesthetics through gingival recession
- B.
Is indicated when non-surgical treatment is contraindicated owing to poor plaque control
- C.
Is the surgical treatment of choice for druginduced gingival overgrowth
- D.
Usually results in loss of the keratinised gingiva
Correct Answer
A. Results in the formation of a long junction epithelium, Frequently results in compromised aesthetics through gingival recessionExplanation
Periodontal flap surgery results in the formation of a long junction epithelium, which means that the epithelial attachment is formed at a lower position on the tooth surface compared to its original position. This can lead to compromised aesthetics through gingival recession, as the gum tissue may recede and expose more of the tooth surface. Therefore, this surgical procedure often results in aesthetic issues for the patient.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Regarding alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis:
- A.
Three-walled vertical defects are well suited for treatment by guided tissue regeneration
- B.
Vertical bony defects have a better prognosis than horizontal defects following non-surgical treatment& Fenestrations and dehiscences predispose sites to periodontal breakdown
- C.
Radiographs provide an accurate representation of sites undergoing active bone loss
- D.
Osteoclasts are stimulated to resorb bone by interferon-y
Correct Answer
A. Three-walled vertical defects are well suited for treatment by guided tissue regenerationExplanation
Three-walled vertical defects are well suited for treatment by guided tissue regeneration because this technique involves placing a barrier membrane between the gingival tissue and the defect, which allows for the regeneration of new bone and periodontal ligament. In three-walled vertical defects, there are three remaining walls of bone surrounding the defect, providing better support for the membrane and promoting successful regeneration. This treatment approach is effective in restoring lost bone and improving the prognosis for the affected area.Rate this question:
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- 42.
In CPITN:
- A.
For appropriate treatment plan code 3 require supra and subgingival scaling and improvement in home care.
- B.
The dentition is divided into five segments. and Pocketing of 4-5 mm, that is, when the gingival margin is on the clear area is code no. 3.
- C.
Pocketing of 6mm or more, that is when the gingival margin is on the black area of the probe is code no. 4.
- D.
For appropriate treatment plan code 2 requires improvement in home care.
Correct Answer
A. For appropriate treatment plan code 3 require supra and subgingival scaling and improvement in home care.Explanation
The answer is explaining that for a treatment plan with code 3, it is necessary to perform supra and subgingival scaling, as well as improve home care. This means that the patient has pocketing of 4-5 mm, where the gingival margin is on the clear area of the probe. Code 3 indicates the severity of periodontal disease and the necessary treatment measures to address it, including professional scaling and improved oral hygiene practices at home.Rate this question:
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- 43.
U.S. food and drug administration for the adjunctive therapy of periodontitis has approved doxycycline hyclate:
- A.
Available 200mg capsule for use twice daily
- B.
Available as 100mg capsule for use twice daily and Available as 20mg capsule for use twice daily.
- C.
Available as 40mg capsule for use twice daily.
- D.
Available as 20mg capsule for once daily use.
Correct Answer
A. Available 200mg capsule for use twice dailyExplanation
The correct answer is "Available 200mg capsule for use twice daily" because it is the only option that matches the dosage and frequency mentioned in the statement. The other options have different dosages or frequencies that do not align with the information provided.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Root planning is:
- A.
Removal of diseased cementum along with other root deposits.
- B.
Removal of material Alba and stains from root surface. and Removal of soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket.
- C.
Removal of calculus & plaque from root surface.
- D.
Removal of food debris from tooth surface.
Correct Answer
A. Removal of diseased cementum along with other root deposits.Explanation
Root planning is the process of removing diseased cementum along with other deposits on the root surface. This procedure is typically performed to treat periodontal disease and promote the healing and regeneration of the gums and surrounding tissues. By removing the diseased cementum and other deposits, the root surface becomes smoother and cleaner, allowing for better attachment of the gums to the tooth and reducing the risk of further infection and inflammation. This helps to restore the health and stability of the affected tooth and surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Greater occlusal pressure on the periodontium produces:
- A.
Injury to fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells lead to necrosis of areas of the ligament.
- B.
Increased resorption of alveolar bone and formation of cementum.
- C.
A gradation of changes in periodontal ligament starting with tension of fibers which produce areas of fibrosis.
- D.
Disintegration of blood vessels within 30 minutes. and Disintegration of blood vessels within 05 minutes.
Correct Answer
A. Injury to fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells lead to necrosis of areas of the ligament.Explanation
Greater occlusal pressure on the periodontium can lead to injury to fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells, resulting in the necrosis of areas of the ligament. This occurs due to the excessive force applied to the periodontal ligament, causing damage to the cells and tissues. This can ultimately lead to the breakdown and death of the ligament in certain areas.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The mobility of the teeth is graded 3 if:
- A.
The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and mobility in labio-lingual direction is more than 2mm.
- B.
The mobility is 1mm.
- C.
The mobility is less than 1mm.
- D.
The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and 1mm in labiolingual direction. and The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and mobility is less than 1mm in labio -lingual direction.
Correct Answer
A. The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and mobility in labio-lingual direction is more than 2mm.Explanation
If the mobility of the teeth is graded 3, it means that the teeth are mobile in the apicoocclusal direction and the mobility in the labio-lingual direction is more than 2mm. This indicates that the teeth have significant movement in both the vertical and horizontal directions, with the horizontal movement being more than 2mm. This level of mobility suggests a severe periodontal condition and may require immediate intervention or treatment.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Localized aggressive periodontitis is best treated in early stage by:
- A.
Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for fourteen days
- B.
Tetracycline 250mg once daily for 7 days.
- C.
Tetracycline 250mg twice daily for 7 days.
- D.
Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for 3 days. and Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for 5 days
Correct Answer
A. Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for fourteen daysExplanation
Localized aggressive periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that primarily affects young individuals. It is characterized by rapid bone and tissue destruction around the teeth. The most effective treatment for this condition in the early stage is a high dose and long duration of antibiotics. Tetracycline, at a dosage of 250mg, taken four times daily for fourteen days, provides the best chance of controlling the infection and preventing further damage to the periodontal tissues.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Furcation involvement is measured by:
- A.
Naber’s probe.
- B.
WHO probe.
- C.
CPITN probe.
- D.
Michigan “O” probe. and Periodontal explore
Correct Answer
A. Naber’s probe.Explanation
Furcation involvement refers to the extent to which the roots of a tooth are affected by periodontal disease. It is measured using various probes, including Naber's probe. Naber's probe is specifically designed with a curved tip that allows for easy access to furcation areas, making it an effective tool for assessing the severity of furcation involvement. The other probes mentioned may be used for different purposes in periodontal examination, but Naber's probe is the most suitable for measuring furcation involvement.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Classically the epithelial rete ridges show a saw tooth appearance, hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis, hydropic degeneration of basal layer and a dense band like infiltrate of Tlymphocytes microscopically in:
- A.
Lichen planus.
- B.
Pemphigus.
- C.
Pemphigoid and Linear IgA disease.
- D.
Chronic ulcerative stomatitis.
Correct Answer
A. Lichen planus.Explanation
The correct answer is Lichen planus. In lichen planus, the epithelial rete ridges show a saw tooth appearance, hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis, hydropic degeneration of basal layer, and a dense band-like infiltrate of T lymphocytes microscopically. This characteristic histological pattern helps in distinguishing lichen planus from other conditions such as pemphigus, pemphigoid, linear IgA disease, and chronic ulcerative stomatitis.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The bacteria detected in localized aggressive periodontitis are:
- A.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga Spp., Eikenella corrodens, campylobacter rectus, prevotella intermedia
- B.
Borrelia vincenti, medium size spirochetes and Fusiformis, Tanerella forsythus.
- C.
Mycoplasma, capnocytophaga sputigena, spirocheles.
- D.
Treponema denticola, fusobacterium nucleatum, rectus, Actinobacillus Actinomycetem comitans.
Correct Answer
A. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga Spp., Eikenella corrodens, campylobacter rectus, prevotella intermediaExplanation
The correct answer is Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga Spp., Eikenella corrodens, campylobacter rectus, prevotella intermedia. These bacteria are commonly found in cases of localized aggressive periodontitis, which is a severe form of gum disease that primarily affects young individuals. These bacteria are known to be highly pathogenic and contribute to the progression of periodontal destruction. Identifying these bacteria is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning for patients with localized aggressive periodontitis.Rate this question:
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Jul 12, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 05, 2019Quiz Created by
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