Anatomy & Physiology Level III 333 Mock Paper Practice Test
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the function of Spinal cord?
- A.
To transmit information to the whole body
- B.
To transmit information to the heart
- C.
To supply hormones to the whole body
- D.
To help support the vertebral column
Correct Answer
A. To transmit information to the whole bodyExplanation
The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting information to the whole body. It serves as a pathway for sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body. It allows for the transmission of nerve impulses that control movement, sensation, and reflexes. The spinal cord plays a crucial role in coordinating and regulating various bodily functions, making it essential for overall body communication and function.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Plaque deposits on the walls of blood vessels may be decreased by:
- A.
An improved active lifestyle
- B.
Genetic factors
- C.
Reducing consumption of red meat
- D.
Smoking
Correct Answer
A. An improved active lifestyleExplanation
An improved active lifestyle can decrease plaque deposits on the walls of blood vessels because regular physical activity helps to improve blood circulation and maintain healthy blood vessels. When we exercise, our heart pumps more blood, which helps to remove plaque buildup and prevent the formation of new plaques. Additionally, exercise can also help to lower cholesterol levels and maintain a healthy weight, which are both important factors in reducing plaque formation. Therefore, adopting an active lifestyle can have a positive impact on cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of plaque-related conditions such as atherosclerosis.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which sensory organs register changes in blood pressure?
- A.
Baroreceptors
- B.
Chemoreceptors
- C.
Thermoreceptors
- D.
Bio receptors
Correct Answer
A. BaroreceptorsExplanation
Baroreceptors are sensory organs that detect changes in blood pressure. They are located in the walls of the major blood vessels, such as the carotid arteries and aorta. When blood pressure increases or decreases, baroreceptors send signals to the brain, which then regulates the heart rate and blood vessel diameter to maintain blood pressure within a normal range. Chemoreceptors detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood, thermoreceptors detect changes in temperature, and there is no such thing as "bio receptors."Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which action is performed by the muscle pictured below?
- A.
Flexion of the knee
- B.
Extension of the knee
- C.
Abduction of the hip
- D.
Adduction of the hip
Correct Answer
A. Flexion of the kneeExplanation
The muscle pictured below is most likely the hamstring muscle group, which is responsible for flexing the knee joint. Flexion of the knee refers to the movement of bringing the lower leg towards the back of the thigh, and the hamstring muscles are the primary muscles involved in this action.Rate this question:
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- 5.
How can the vascular system increase blood flow to a specific area of the body?
- A.
By vasodilation of arterioles leading to that area of the body
- B.
By vasoconstriction of the arterioles leading to that area of the body
- C.
By vasodilation of venules leading to that area of the body
- D.
By vasoconstriction of venules leading to that area of the body
Correct Answer
A. By vasodilation of arterioles leading to that area of the bodyExplanation
The vascular system can increase blood flow to a specific area of the body by vasodilation of arterioles leading to that area. Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, which allows for increased blood flow. By dilating the arterioles, more blood can reach the specific area, supplying it with oxygen and nutrients. This mechanism is important in regulating blood flow to different tissues and organs based on their needs. Vasoconstriction, on the other hand, refers to the narrowing of blood vessels and would decrease blood flow to a specific area. Vasodilation of venules and vasoconstriction of venules do not directly impact blood flow to a specific area.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What muscle contributes to the extension of the vertebral column?
- A.
Multifidus
- B.
Pectineus
- C.
Quadratus Lumborum
- D.
Longuissimus group
Correct Answer
A. MultifidusExplanation
The multifidus muscle contributes to the extension of the vertebral column. It is a deep muscle that runs along the spine and helps to stabilize and support the vertebral column. When it contracts, it helps to extend the spine, allowing for movements such as arching the back or standing upright.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which muscle helps to maintain a neutral spine position?
- A.
Quadratus lumborum
- B.
Tibialis anterior
- C.
Rectus abdominis
- D.
Transverse Abdominis
Correct Answer
A. Quadratus lumborumExplanation
The quadratus lumborum muscle helps to maintain a neutral spine position. Located in the lower back, it plays a crucial role in stabilizing the lumbar spine and pelvis. It helps to prevent excessive lateral flexion and rotation of the spine, thereby maintaining proper alignment and posture.Rate this question:
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- 8.
If a client with moderate hypertension began regular cardiovascular training, resting and exercising blood pressures can be reduced by:as much as
- A.
Up to 10mmHg
- B.
Up to 5mmHg
- C.
Up to 15mm Hg
- D.
Up to 9mm Hg
Correct Answer
A. Up to 10mmHgExplanation
Regular cardiovascular training has been shown to have a positive effect on blood pressure. It can help to strengthen the heart, improve blood flow, and reduce the resistance to blood flow in the arteries. As a result, both resting and exercising blood pressures can be reduced. The answer "Up to 10mmHg" suggests that regular cardiovascular training can potentially lower both resting and exercising blood pressures by as much as 10mmHg.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The ovaries release hormones which can
- A.
Decrease hair growth on the body
- B.
Activate milk production in women who are breast feeding
- C.
Promote bone growth and development
- D.
Stimulate the production of testosterone
Correct Answer
A. Decrease hair growth on the bodyExplanation
The ovaries release hormones that can decrease hair growth on the body. This is because the hormones released by the ovaries, such as estrogen and progesterone, can inhibit the production of androgens, which are responsible for stimulating hair growth. By reducing the levels of androgens in the body, the ovaries can help to decrease the growth of hair on the body.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which statement describes the systolic blood pressure response during exercise?
- A.
It Increases under the influence of the autonomic nervous system
- B.
It Increases under the influence of the somatic nervous system
- C.
It decreases under the influence of the somatic nervous system
- D.
It decreases under the influence of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer
A. It Increases under the influence of the autonomic nervous systemExplanation
During exercise, the body requires more oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to the muscles. The autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic branch, is responsible for increasing heart rate and blood pressure to meet this increased demand. This is why systolic blood pressure increases under the influence of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following muscles does NOT attach to the ribs and the iliac crest?
- A.
Rectus abdominis
- B.
External obliques
- C.
Transverse absominis
- D.
Internal obliques
Correct Answer
A. Rectus abdominisExplanation
The rectus abdominis muscle does not attach to the ribs and the iliac crest. It is a long, flat muscle that runs vertically along the front of the abdomen, from the pubic bone to the sternum. It is responsible for flexing the spine and compressing the abdominal contents. Unlike the other muscles listed, the rectus abdominis does not have any attachments to the ribs or the iliac crest.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which exercise can help to correct a kyphotic posture?
- A.
Strengthing the lower and middle portion of the trapezius
- B.
Strengthening the pectoralis minor
- C.
Stretching the lumbar multifidus
- D.
Stretching the thoracic portion of the erector spinae
Correct Answer
A. Strengthing the lower and middle portion of the trapeziusExplanation
Strengthening the lower and middle portion of the trapezius can help to correct a kyphotic posture. The trapezius muscle is located in the upper back and plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture. By strengthening this muscle, it can help to pull the shoulders back and improve the alignment of the spine, which can correct a kyphotic posture.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which statement describes dendrites?
- A.
Tree like extensions that receive information
- B.
Tree like extensions that send information to its adjacent cell body.
- C.
An elongated fibre that transmits information
- D.
The gap between the two nerve cells
Correct Answer
A. Tree like extensions that receive informationExplanation
Dendrites are tree-like extensions that receive information. They are part of a neuron and their main function is to receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. Dendrites play a crucial role in the communication between neurons, as they receive incoming signals and integrate them to determine whether or not the neuron should generate an electrical impulse. These tree-like structures increase the surface area of the neuron, allowing for a greater number of connections and information processing.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What are the characteristics of Type 2B muscle fibres?
- A.
High force capacity, low mitochondria and low capillary density
- B.
High force capacity, high mitochondria and low capillary density
- C.
High force capacity, low mitochondria and high capillary density
- D.
Low force capacity, high mitochondria and high capillary density
Correct Answer
A. High force capacity, low mitochondria and low capillary densityExplanation
Type 2B muscle fibers are known as fast-twitch muscle fibers and are characterized by their ability to generate high force capacity. These fibers have a lower number of mitochondria, which are responsible for producing energy, and a lower capillary density, which affects their oxygen supply. This combination of characteristics allows Type 2B muscle fibers to contract quickly and forcefully, but they fatigue more easily compared to other muscle fiber types.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which one of these is NOT part of the coronary heart system?
- A.
Left coronary artery
- B.
Right coronary artery
- C.
Left anterior descending artery
- D.
Left circumflex artery
Correct Answer
C. Left anterior descending arteryExplanation
The coronary heart system primarily consists of arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
The left anterior descending artery, right coronary artery, and left circumflex artery are all part of the coronary artery system.
Therefore, the component that is NOT part of the coronary artery system is:
Left anterior descending arteryRate this question:
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- 16.
Which term is used to describe the middle layer of a muscle?
- A.
Perimysium
- B.
Endomysium
- C.
Epimysium
- D.
Periosteum
Correct Answer
A. PerimysiumExplanation
Perimysium is the correct answer because it refers to the connective tissue layer that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers, known as fascicles, within a muscle. It provides support and protection to the muscle fibers and helps in transmitting force generated by the muscle. The other options, endomysium, epimysium, and periosteum, refer to different connective tissue layers but are not specifically related to the middle layer of a muscle.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Complete the sentence? The anaerobic threshold is described as the point at which .......................................... than it can be cleared.
- A.
Lactate build-up occurs faster
- B.
Lactate build-up occurs slower
- C.
Heat build-up occurs faster
- D.
Heat build-up occurs slower
Correct Answer
A. Lactate build-up occurs fasterExplanation
The anaerobic threshold is described as the point at which lactate build-up occurs faster than it can be cleared. This means that during intense exercise, the body is producing lactate at a faster rate than it can be metabolized and removed from the muscles. This leads to an accumulation of lactate in the muscles, which can contribute to fatigue and a decrease in performance.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What statement describes a short term effect of exercise?
- A.
A increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensity
- B.
A decrease in stroke volume
- C.
A increase in systolic blood pressure unrealted to exercise intensity
- D.
A decrease in systoliic blood pressure
Correct Answer
A. A increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensityExplanation
During exercise, the body requires more oxygen and nutrients to meet the increased demand of the muscles. To deliver these, the heart pumps more blood, resulting in an increase in systolic blood pressure. This increase is directly related to the intensity of the exercise, as the body needs to work harder to meet the demands. Therefore, the correct answer is "An increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensity."Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is an alternative term for the semi-lunar valve?
- A.
Aortic valve
- B.
Tricuspid valve
- C.
Bicuspid valve
- D.
Artrioventricular Valves
Correct Answer
A. Aortic valveExplanation
The alternative term for the semi-lunar valve is the Aortic valve. This valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, and it allows blood to flow from the heart to the rest of the body. It consists of three cusps or leaflets, which open and close to regulate the blood flow. The Aortic valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the heart relaxes and ensures that blood flows in one direction only.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which one of the following valves prevents backflow of blood into the Right ventricle?
- A.
C
- B.
A
- C.
B
- D.
D
Correct Answer
A. CExplanation
Valve C is the pulmonary valve, which prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts, the pulmonary valve opens to allow blood to flow into the pulmonary artery and towards the lungs. After the contraction, the pulmonary valve closes to prevent the blood from flowing back into the right ventricle. This ensures that the blood flows in one direction, from the right ventricle to the lungs, preventing any backflow.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which reaction is caused by the release of epinephrine?
- A.
Increased breathing rate
- B.
Increased body fat deposits
- C.
Decreased muscle mass
- D.
Decreased heart rate
Correct Answer
A. Increased breathing rateExplanation
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress or fear. It acts as a stimulant and triggers a "fight or flight" response in the body. One of the effects of epinephrine is an increase in breathing rate. This is because epinephrine dilates the airways in the lungs, allowing more oxygen to enter and increasing the efficiency of respiration. Therefore, increased breathing rate is the reaction caused by the release of epinephrine.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is pyruvic acid converted to when there is inadequate oxygen?
- A.
Lactic acid
- B.
Creatine Phosphate
- C.
Aednosine Diphosphate
- D.
Carbon Dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Lactic acidExplanation
Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid when there is inadequate oxygen. This process is known as anaerobic glycolysis. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. This allows the cells to continue producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell, even when oxygen is limited. Lactic acid can build up in the muscles during intense exercise, leading to muscle fatigue and soreness.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A benefit of core stability training is:
- A.
Improved balance
- B.
Increased risk of joint laxity
- C.
Increased cardiac output
- D.
Reduced bone density
Correct Answer
A. Improved balanceExplanation
Core stability training focuses on strengthening the muscles in the abdomen, back, and pelvis, which are responsible for maintaining stability and balance. By improving the strength and stability of these core muscles, individuals can enhance their overall balance. This is particularly beneficial for activities that require balance, such as sports, dance, and everyday movements. Therefore, improved balance is a well-known benefit of core stability training.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Why is it important to maintain spine alignment when lifting equipment from the floor?
- A.
Reduced stress on ligaments
- B.
Reduced sacral curvature
- C.
Reduced pressure on joints
- D.
Reduced pressure on nerves
Correct Answer
A. Reduced stress on ligamentsExplanation
Maintaining spine alignment when lifting equipment from the floor is important because it helps to reduce stress on the ligaments. When the spine is properly aligned, the weight is evenly distributed and the ligaments are not strained or overworked. This can help prevent injuries and discomfort in the back. Additionally, maintaining spine alignment can also contribute to reduced pressure on joints and nerves, as well as reduced sacral curvature.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which statement best describes the endocrine system?
- A.
It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the body
- B.
It is made up of neurons that transmit information between different parts of the body
- C.
It is made up of bones which provide support and protection to major organs
- D.
It is made up of muscles which allow movement of different parts of the body
Correct Answer
A. It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the bodyExplanation
The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones act as chemical messengers, traveling through the bloodstream to target cells and organs, where they regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. Unlike the nervous system, which uses neurons to transmit information, the endocrine system primarily relies on hormones to communicate and coordinate the activities of different parts of the body.Rate this question:
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- 26.
In which anatomical plane does lordosis occur?
- A.
Sagittal
- B.
Frontal
- C.
Transverse
- D.
Medial
Correct Answer
A. SagittalExplanation
Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the spine, commonly seen in the lower back. This abnormal curvature occurs in the sagittal plane, which divides the body into left and right halves. The sagittal plane runs parallel to the body's midline and allows for flexion and extension movements. Therefore, lordosis occurs in the sagittal plane as it involves the exaggerated inward curvature of the spine in the anterior-posterior direction.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the name of the valve that is located between the right ventrcle and right atrium?
- A.
Tricuspid
- B.
Aortic
- C.
Pulmonary
- D.
Bicuspid
Correct Answer
A. TricuspidExplanation
The valve that is located between the right ventricle and right atrium is called the tricuspid valve. This valve has three cusps or leaflets that open and close to regulate the flow of blood between the two chambers. It prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during the contraction of the ventricle, ensuring that blood only flows in one direction, from the atrium to the ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which activity will predominantly recruit 'slow oxidative' motor units?
- A.
Walking
- B.
Jogging
- C.
Sprinting
- D.
Jumping
Correct Answer
A. WalkingExplanation
Walking predominantly recruits 'slow oxidative' motor units because it is a low-intensity, endurance-based activity that relies on the aerobic energy system. Slow oxidative motor units are responsible for sustained, low-force contractions and have a high resistance to fatigue. Walking involves a steady and continuous movement, which requires the recruitment of slow oxidative motor units to maintain a constant level of muscle activation over an extended period of time. In contrast, activities like jogging, sprinting, and jumping involve higher intensities and shorter durations, leading to the recruitment of fast-twitch motor units.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which muscle is NOT part of the lower leg​
- A.
Biceps Femoris
- B.
Tibialis anterior
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Soleus
Correct Answer
A. Biceps FemorisExplanation
The biceps femoris is not part of the lower leg. It is actually a muscle located in the back of the thigh. The lower leg consists of muscles such as the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus, which are responsible for movements and stability in the lower leg and foot.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which statement describes a motor unit?
- A.
A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres to which it connects
- B.
A motor neuron that transmits information to the central nervous system
- C.
A sensory neuron that detects muscle movement
- D.
A group of muscles working together to create movement
Correct Answer
A. A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres to which it connectsExplanation
A motor unit refers to a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates. When a motor neuron is activated, it stimulates all the muscle fibers it connects to contract simultaneously. This coordinated contraction allows for precise control and movement of muscles.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following would speed up breathing rate?
- A.
Sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system
- B.
Parasympathetic action of the somatic nervous system
- C.
Sympathetic action of the somatic nervous system
- D.
Parasympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer
A. Sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous systemExplanation
The sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system would speed up breathing rate. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, including breathing. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for action. This response includes an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate to provide more oxygen to the muscles and organs. Therefore, the sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system would increase breathing rate.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which quadricep muscle crosses two joints?
- A.
Rectus femoris
- B.
Vastus intermedius
- C.
Vastus medialis
- D.
Vastus lateralis
Correct Answer
A. Rectus femorisExplanation
The rectus femoris is the quadricep muscle that crosses two joints. It originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon. It crosses both the hip joint and the knee joint, allowing it to flex the hip and extend the knee. The vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis are also quadricep muscles, but they only cross the knee joint.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The structure of collagen fibres in a synovial joint capsule can be described as:
- A.
Dense, elastic, irregular
- B.
Dense, elastic, regular
- C.
Dense, inelastic, irregular
- D.
Dense, inelastic, regular
Correct Answer
A. Dense, elastic, irregularExplanation
The correct answer is dense, elastic, irregular. Collagen fibers in a synovial joint capsule are dense, meaning they are tightly packed together. They are also elastic, which allows the joint to stretch and recoil. The fibers are irregular in arrangement, meaning they are not organized in a specific pattern. This irregularity allows for flexibility and movement in the joint.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which gland labelled below releases hormones that stimulate promotes growth in children and young adults
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
A. AExplanation
The gland labelled "a" releases hormones that stimulate growth in children and young adults. This gland is most likely referring to the pituitary gland, which is responsible for the secretion of growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in promoting growth and development during childhood and adolescence.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Arteriosclerosis can be defined as:
- A.
Diseases that cause hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries
- B.
Increased high density lipoprotein levels within the blood
- C.
Dilation of the aterial walls during aerobic activity
- D.
Depositing of lipids in the arterial walls
Correct Answer
A. Diseases that cause hardening and loss of elasticity in arteriesExplanation
Arteriosclerosis refers to a group of diseases that lead to the hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries. This condition occurs when the arterial walls become thick and stiff, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of various cardiovascular problems. It is typically caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the arterial walls, leading to the formation of plaques. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow and potentially causing complications such as heart attacks or strokes.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for controlling voluntary muscular activity?
- A.
Somatic system
- B.
Sympathetic system
- C.
Parasympathetic system
- D.
Autonomic system
Correct Answer
A. Somatic systemExplanation
The somatic system is responsible for controlling voluntary muscular activity. This system consists of motor neurons that transmit signals from the brain to the skeletal muscles, allowing us to consciously control our movements. Unlike the autonomic system, which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion, the somatic system is under our conscious control and allows us to perform actions like walking, talking, and writing.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which statement describes the action of supraspinatus?
- A.
Abduction of the shoulder in the frontal plane
- B.
Abduction of the shoulder in the transverse plane
- C.
External rotation of the humerus in the frontal plane
- D.
External rotation of the humerus in the frontal plane
Correct Answer
A. Abduction of the shoulder in the frontal planeExplanation
The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for the abduction of the shoulder in the frontal plane. This means that it helps to move the arm away from the midline of the body, raising it out to the side. The other statements mentioned in the options do not accurately describe the action of the supraspinatus muscle.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Complete the sentence: The............................stimulates the relaxation of muscle during PNF stretching.
- A.
Golgi tendon organ
- B.
Efferent nerve
- C.
Muscle spindles
- D.
Baroreceptors
Correct Answer
A. Golgi tendon organExplanation
The Golgi tendon organ stimulates the relaxation of muscle during PNF stretching. This is because the Golgi tendon organ is a sensory receptor located in the tendons that detects changes in muscle tension. When the muscle is stretched during PNF stretching, the Golgi tendon organ is activated and sends signals to the spinal cord, which in turn causes the muscle to relax. This mechanism helps prevent excessive muscle contraction and allows for a deeper stretch during PNF stretching.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What is the contractile unit of a muscle fibre?
- A.
Sarcomere
- B.
Tendon
- C.
Fascicle
- D.
Endomysium
Correct Answer
A. SarcomereExplanation
The contractile unit of a muscle fiber is called a sarcomere. It is the basic structural and functional unit of a muscle, responsible for muscle contraction. Sarcomeres are composed of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments, which slide past each other during muscle contraction, resulting in the shortening of the sarcomere and overall muscle contraction. Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers, and endomysium is the connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which muscle is involved in hip abduction?
- A.
Piriformis
- B.
Gracilis
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Pectineus
Correct Answer
A. PiriformisExplanation
The piriformis muscle is involved in hip abduction. Hip abduction refers to the movement of the leg away from the midline of the body. The piriformis muscle is located deep within the gluteal region and plays a key role in stabilizing the hip joint and assisting in the abduction of the hip.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which of the following training methods is most effective for improving the efficiency of fat burning pathways?
- A.
Long-duration continuous training
- B.
High-intensity Fartlek training
- C.
Anaerobic interval training
- D.
Short-duration continuous training
Correct Answer
A. Long-duration continuous trainingExplanation
Long-duration continuous training is the most effective training method for improving the efficiency of fat burning pathways. This type of training involves exercising at a steady pace for an extended period of time, typically at a low to moderate intensity. By engaging in prolonged aerobic activity, the body relies on fat as its primary source of fuel, leading to increased fat burning and improved efficiency of the fat burning pathways. This type of training is commonly associated with activities such as jogging, cycling, or swimming for longer durations.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What is the function of the semi-lunar valves?
- A.
They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
- B.
They prevent backflow of blood into the Atria
- C.
They prevent backflow of blood into the Aorta
- D.
They prevent backflow of blood into the Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer
A. They prevent backflow of blood into the ventriclesExplanation
The function of the semi-lunar valves is to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles. These valves are located between the ventricles and the major arteries (aorta and pulmonary artery) and open to allow blood to be pumped out of the heart. When the ventricles relax, the semi-lunar valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles, ensuring a one-way flow of blood through the circulatory system.Rate this question:
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- 43.
When performing a supine leg raise, what muscle is the prime mover?
- A.
Psoas major
- B.
Gluteus maximus
- C.
Vastus medialis
- D.
Rectus abdominis
Correct Answer
A. Psoas majorExplanation
The supine leg raise is a movement that involves lifting the legs while lying on the back. The prime mover muscle responsible for this action is the Psoas major. The Psoas major is a deep muscle located in the lower back and connects the spine to the thigh bone. It plays a crucial role in hip flexion, which is the movement required to lift the legs during a supine leg raise. The Gluteus maximus, Vastus medialis, and Rectus abdominis are not directly involved in hip flexion and therefore not the prime movers in this exercise.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Strengthening which muscles can help to correct lordosis?
- A.
Muscles that tilt the pelvis backwards
- B.
Muscles that tilt the pelvis forwards
- C.
Muscles that retract the scapula
- D.
Muscles that protract the scapula
Correct Answer
A. Muscles that tilt the pelvis backwardsExplanation
Strengthening the muscles that tilt the pelvis backwards can help to correct lordosis. Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lower spine, causing the pelvis to tilt forward. By strengthening the muscles that tilt the pelvis backwards, such as the gluteus maximus and hamstrings, it can help to counteract the excessive forward tilt of the pelvis and bring it back to a more neutral position. This can help to alleviate the symptoms and improve the posture associated with lordosis.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What effect does atherosclerosis have on blood flow through arteries?
- A.
It increases resistance to blood flow, thus increasing blood pressure
- B.
It decreases resistance to blood flow, thus increasing blood pressure
- C.
It decreases resistance to blood flow, thus decreasing blood pressure
- D.
It increases resistance to blood flow, thus decreasing blood pressure
Correct Answer
A. It increases resistance to blood flow, thus increasing blood pressureExplanation
Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing the blood vessels and reducing their elasticity. This narrowing increases the resistance to blood flow, making it harder for blood to pass through the arteries. As a result, the heart has to work harder to pump blood, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is that atherosclerosis increases resistance to blood flow, thus increasing blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following developmental postural adaptations has the greatest impact upon normal breathing patterns?
- A.
Kyphosis
- B.
Flat back
- C.
Lordosis
- D.
Scoliosis
Correct Answer
A. KyphosisExplanation
Kyphosis is a postural adaptation characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the upper back. This condition can significantly impact normal breathing patterns because it restricts the expansion of the chest and limits the movement of the ribcage. The increased curvature of the upper back compresses the lungs and reduces their ability to fully expand during inhalation, leading to shallow breathing and decreased oxygen intake. Therefore, kyphosis has the greatest impact on normal breathing patterns compared to flat back, lordosis, and scoliosis.Rate this question:
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- 47.
For clients with mild hypertension, what type of training can lead to a long-term reduction in resting blood pressure?
- A.
Cardiovascular
- B.
Motor skills
- C.
Flexibility
- D.
Muscular strength
Correct Answer
A. CardiovascularExplanation
Cardiovascular training can lead to a long-term reduction in resting blood pressure for clients with mild hypertension. This type of training involves activities that increase the heart rate and promote cardiovascular health, such as running, swimming, or cycling. Regular cardiovascular exercise improves the efficiency of the heart and blood vessels, leading to lower blood pressure levels even at rest. This is because the heart becomes stronger and more efficient at pumping blood, reducing the pressure on the arteries. Therefore, cardiovascular training is recommended for individuals with mild hypertension to help manage and reduce their blood pressure levels.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following is a health risk associated with hypertension?
- A.
Coronary heart disease
- B.
Reduced bone density
- C.
Osteoarthritis
- D.
Type 1 diabetes
Correct Answer
A. Coronary heart diseaseExplanation
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is too high. This can lead to various health risks, including coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients become narrow or blocked, leading to chest pain, heart attacks, and other complications. Hypertension is a major risk factor for developing coronary heart disease as it puts extra strain on the heart and increases the chances of damage to the blood vessels.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following is the smallest layer of connective tissue within skeletal muscle?
- A.
Epimysium
- B.
Periosteum
- C.
Perimysium
- D.
Endomysium
Correct Answer
D. EndomysiumExplanation
The endomysium is the smallest layer of connective tissue within skeletal muscle. It surrounds individual muscle fibers and provides support and protection to the muscle cells. The other options listed are not the smallest layer of connective tissue within skeletal muscle. Epimysium is the outermost layer that surrounds the entire muscle, periosteum is a connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, and perimysium is a layer that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following will result in retraction of the shoulder girdle
- A.
Concentric contraction of the rhomboids
- B.
Eccentric contraction of the rhomboids
- C.
Eccentric contraction of the Pectoralis Major
- D.
Concentric contraction of the Pectoralis Major
Correct Answer
A. Concentric contraction of the rhomboidsExplanation
Concentric contraction of the rhomboids will result in retraction of the shoulder girdle. The rhomboids are a group of muscles located between the shoulder blades. When they contract concentrically, they pull the shoulder blades towards the spine, causing the shoulder girdle to retract or move backward.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Apr 19, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Dec 07, 2015Quiz Created by
Thomas Gallivan
applied anatomy and physiology practice test questions
applied anatomy and physiology practice test questions
Anatomy and physiology questions - The respiratory system
Anatomy and physiology questions - The respiratory system
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