NCLEX Pharmacology Quiz 5 (10 Items)

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1. Some central venous access devices (CVAD) have more than one lumen. These multi lumen catheters:

Explanation

A multilumen catheter contains separate ports and means to administer agents. An agent infusing in one port cannot mix with an agent infusing into another port. Thus. agents that would be incompatible if given together can be given in separate ports simultaneously.

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NCLEX Pharmacology Quizzes & Trivia

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2. A male patient needs a percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC) for prolonged IV therapy. He knows it can be inserted without going to the operating room. He mentions that. "at least the doctor won't be wearing surgical garb. will he?" How will the nurse answer the patient?

Explanation

Strict aseptic technique including the use of cap. mask. and sterile gown and gloves is require when placing a central venous line including a PICC. Options A. C. and D are incorrect statements. They increase the risk of infection.

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3. A male patient is to receive a percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC). He asks the nurse whether the insertion will hurt. How will the nurse reply?

Explanation

Pain related to PICC insertion occurs with puncture of the skin. When inserting PICC lines. the insertion site is anesthetized so no pain is felt. The patient will not receive general anesthesia or sedation. Statement 2 is false. Unnecessary pain should be prevented.

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4. What volume of air can safely be infused into a patient with a central venous access device (CVAD)?

Explanation

Any air entering the right heart can lead to a pulmonary embolus. All air should be purged from central venous lines; none should enter the patient.

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5. Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion. such as Intralipid. into central venous access devices (CVAD) because:

Explanation

Occlusion occurs with slow infusion rates and concurrent administration of some medications. Lipid occlusions may be treated with 70 percent ethanol or with 0.1 mmol/mL NaOH. Lipids provide essential fatty acids. It is recommended that approximately 4 percent of daily calories be EFAs. A deficiency can quickly develop. Daily essential fatty acids are necessary for constant prostaglandin production. Lipids are almost isotonic with blood.

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6. What is the purpose of "tunneling" (inserting the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin) when the surgeon inserts a Hickman central catheter device? Tunneling:

Explanation

The actual access to the subclavian vein is still just under the clavicle. but by tunneling the distal portion of the catheter several inches under the skin the risk of migratory infection is reduces compared to a catheter that enters the subclavian vein directly and is not tunneled. The catheter is tunneled to prevent infection.

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7. Central venous access devices are beneficial in pediatric therapy because:

Explanation

The child can move his extremities and function in a normal fashion. This lessens stress associated with position restriction and promotes normal activity. Fear may not be eliminated. All lines can be dislodged. Even small catheters can be readily seen.

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8. How can central venous access devices (CVADs) be of value in a patient receiving chemotherapy who has stomatitis and severe diarrhea?

Explanation

In patients unable to take oral nutrition. parenteral hyperalimentation is an option for providing nutritional support. High concentrations of dextrose. protein. minerals. vitamins. and trace elements can be provided. Dosing is not affected with options a and d. Crystalloid can provide free water but has very little nutritional benefits. Hyperalimentation can provide free water and considerable nutritional benefits.

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9. An infection in a central venous access device is not eliminated by giving antibiotics through the catheter. How would bacterial glycocalyx contribute to this?

Explanation

Glycocalyx is a viscous polysaccharide or polypeptide slime that covers microbes. It enhances adherence to surfaces. resists phagocytic engulfment by the white blood cells. and prevents antibiotics from contacting the microbe. Glycocalyx does not have the effects in options B-D.

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10. Kent a new staff nurse asks her preceptor nurse how to obtain a blood sample from a patient with a portacath device. The preceptor nurse teaches the new staff nurse:

Explanation

A special port-a-cath needle is used to access the port-a-cath device. A syringe is attached and the sample is obtained. One of the primary reasons for insertion of a portacath device is the need for frequent or long-term blood sampling. A vacutainer will exert too much suction on the central line resulting in collapse of the line. Only special portacath needles should be used to access the portacath device.

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Some central venous access devices (CVAD) have more than one lumen....
A male patient needs a percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC)...
A male patient is to receive a percutaneously inserted central...
What volume of air can safely be infused into a patient with a central...
Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion. such as Intralipid....
What is the purpose of "tunneling" (inserting the catheter 2-4 inches...
Central venous access devices are beneficial in pediatric therapy...
How can central venous access devices (CVADs) be of value in a patient...
An infection in a central venous access device is not eliminated by...
Kent a new staff nurse asks her preceptor nurse how to obtain a blood...
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