Midterm Examination Number 3 Marine Environment

Port state control is responsible for inspecting ships in their ports to ensure compliance with international maritime regulations. If there are clear grounds for believing that the Master or crew are not familiar with essential procedures relating to the prevention of air pollution from ships, it is the role of the port state control to conduct an inspection and take appropriate actions to address any non-compliance. The port state control authority has the power to detain or take other enforcement measures against the ship if necessary.

The correct answer is Annex V. Annex V of the regulations for the control of pollution by garbage from ships specifically addresses the control and management of garbage disposal at sea. This annex provides guidelines and regulations for the proper handling, storage, and disposal of different types of garbage generated on ships, including plastics, food waste, and cargo residues. It aims to minimize marine pollution and protect the marine environment by ensuring that ships comply with proper waste management practices.

If a ship arrives at a port with an expired certificate, it is likely to be detained by the port authorities. This means that the ship will not be allowed to sail until the necessary certificates are renewed. Additionally, the ship's departure may be delayed or put on hold until the necessary inspections and paperwork are completed. Therefore, all of the above options are correct as they describe the possible consequences for a ship with an expired certificate.

The regulation for the control of air pollution from ships is being discussed in Annex VI.

MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI focuses on regulations for controlling air pollution from ships. This annex specifically addresses the prevention of air pollution by limiting the emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ship exhausts. It also includes guidelines for the use of alternative fuels, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the correct answer is "air."

Port state control is responsible for inspecting ships in the port to ensure compliance with international regulations, including those related to the prevention of air pollution. If there are clear grounds for believing that the Master or crew are not familiar with essential procedures relating to the prevention of air pollution, it is the port state control's responsibility to carry out the necessary inspections and take appropriate actions to rectify the situation.

MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI focuses on the regulation for controlling air pollution from ships. It addresses the emissions of harmful substances such as sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ship exhausts. The annex sets limits on these emissions and also introduces requirements for the use of cleaner fuels, such as low sulfur fuel oils, and the installation of emission control devices, like scrubbers, to reduce air pollution caused by ships. By regulating air pollution, Annex VI aims to protect the environment and human health from the harmful effects of ship emissions.

Regulation 13 of Annex VI sets the limit for emission being measured from a diesel engine of a ship, and in this case, the correct answer is nitrogen oxides. This means that the regulation specifies the maximum amount of nitrogen oxides that can be emitted from a ship's diesel engine.

The Garbage Record Book is used to record the disposal of garbage from a ship into the sea. It includes entries such as the date and time of discharge, category of garbage, and amount in cubic meters. However, the port facility or name of the ship is not recorded in the Garbage Record Book when discharged into the sea. This information is not relevant to the disposal process and is therefore not included in the book.

The ship's crew is responsible for preventing or slowing down the heavy oils from escaping downstream and reducing pollution damages. They are trained to handle and manage the ship's operations, including the proper containment and handling of oils to prevent environmental pollution. The crew members are equipped with the knowledge and skills to respond quickly and effectively in case of any oil spill or leakage, implementing necessary measures to minimize the impact on the environment.

Regulation 13 of Annex VI of the given question refers to nitrogen oxides. This regulation likely focuses on the detection, enforcement, and control requirements related to nitrogen oxide emissions. It may outline guidelines and measures to monitor and reduce the release of nitrogen oxides into the environment.

Sludge oil refers to the waste oil that is generated from the bilge water separator. This separator is responsible for removing oil and other contaminants from the bilge water. Therefore, sludge oil is the correct term to describe the waste oil from this specific machinery.

A fire extinguisher is not typically used for carrying pollution response. Fire extinguishers are designed specifically for extinguishing fires and are not typically used for containing or cleaning up pollution. On the other hand, absorbent materials, hand scoops, and buckets are commonly used in pollution response to contain and remove pollutants from the environment.

The correct answer is "sludge oil". Sludge oil refers to waste lubricating oil from main and auxiliary machinery, as well as waste oil from a bilge water separator. This type of oil is typically a thick, viscous substance that contains impurities and is considered a waste product. It is important to properly dispose of sludge oil to prevent environmental pollution.

The entries in the Garbage Record Book include the date and time of discharge, category of garbage, and amount in cubic meters. These details are necessary to track and monitor the disposal of garbage into the sea. However, the port facility or name of the ship is not included in the Garbage Record Book as it is not relevant to the tracking and monitoring process.

If a ship arrives at a port with an expired certificate, it is likely to be detained by the authorities. This means that the ship will not be allowed to sail until the necessary certificates are renewed. Additionally, the departure of the ship may be delayed as the necessary inspections and paperwork will need to be completed before it can set sail again. Therefore, all of the options mentioned (detained, cannot sail, her departure to be held) are correct outcomes for a ship with an expired certificate.

Absorbent materials are used to soak up residual products and any deck spillage during pollution recovery. These materials have the ability to absorb and contain liquids, preventing them from spreading further and causing more pollution. They are commonly used in situations where there is a spill or leak of hazardous substances, such as oil or chemicals, on a deck or surface. By using absorbent materials, the spill can be effectively contained and cleaned up, helping to minimize the environmental impact and prevent further contamination.

Food wastes (not ground) can be discharged within special areas no less than 12 nautical miles. This means that food waste, as long as it is not ground or processed, can be disposed of in designated areas at a certain distance from the shore. This is likely due to the fact that food waste is biodegradable and can break down naturally without causing harm to the marine environment.

MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI came into force on September 1997. This international treaty, developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), sets regulations to prevent air pollution from ships. It aims to control emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ships, as well as restrict the release of ozone-depleting substances. The treaty also includes guidelines for energy efficiency and the use of alternative fuels. By implementing Annex VI, countries strive to reduce the environmental impact of shipping activities and promote sustainable practices in the maritime industry.

A garbage management plan is a requirement for vessels with a gross tonnage of 400 or above. This means that the vessel in question must have a gross tonnage of 400 in order to have a garbage management plan on board.

The IOPP Certificate, which stands for International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate, will cease to be valid in any of the following situations: if the relevant surveys are completed within a period specified, if the certificate is not endorsed, and upon transfer of the ship to another flag. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above." This means that all three situations mentioned will result in the IOPP Certificate no longer being valid.

Absorbent materials are used to soak up residual products in the event of a deck spillage during pollution recovery. These materials have the ability to absorb and contain liquids, preventing them from spreading further and causing more pollution. They are commonly used in environmental cleanup operations to minimize the impact of spills and to facilitate the recovery process.

MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI came into force on September 1997.

Regulation 13 of Annex VI sets the limit for emissions from diesel engines of ships, specifically addressing nitrogen oxides. This regulation aims to control and reduce the release of nitrogen oxides, which are harmful pollutants that contribute to air pollution and have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, the correct answer is nitrogen oxides.

Regulation 13 of Annex VI is titled "Nitrogen Oxides." This regulation specifically focuses on the control and reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from ships. It sets out the requirements and standards for the limitation of nitrogen oxide emissions, aiming to protect the environment and human health from the harmful effects of these pollutants.

Annex III of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code discusses the prevention of pollution of harmful substances carried in packaged form. This annex provides guidelines and regulations for the safe transportation of dangerous goods by sea, including the packaging, labeling, and handling of these substances to prevent pollution and ensure the safety of the crew, vessel, and environment.

The initial survey is conducted before a ship is put into service or before the certificate is issued. This survey ensures that the ship meets the necessary standards and requirements for safety and operation. It includes checking the ship's structure, equipment, and systems to ensure they are in compliance with regulations. Therefore, the initial survey is the appropriate kind of survey to be conducted in this scenario.

The ship's crew will prevent and slow down the heavy oils from escaping downstream, reducing pollution damages. They are responsible for maintaining the ship's systems and ensuring proper containment and handling of hazardous materials. This includes implementing safety measures, conducting regular inspections, and responding quickly to any spills or leaks. By effectively managing these situations, the ship's crew plays a crucial role in minimizing pollution and protecting the environment.

OPA 90, or the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, creates a system in which private parties would supply the bulk of equipment and personnel needed to respond to and clean up an oil spill. This act was passed in response to the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 and aims to prevent and respond to oil spills in US waters. It establishes the requirements for oil spill response plans, liability and compensation, and the use of private contractors in oil spill cleanup efforts. Therefore, OPA 90 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "none of the above." This means that all of the options listed, including protective gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection, are worn by a ship's response team as part of their protective clothing.

The IOPP Certificate, which stands for International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate, will cease to be valid in any of the following scenarios: if the relevant surveys are completed within a specified period, if the certificate is not endorsed, or upon the transfer of the ship to another flag. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above," meaning that all of these scenarios will result in the IOPP Certificate becoming invalid.

The correct answer is "all of the above." This is because all the other options mentioned (discharge operation of garbage, date and time of discharge, and description of garbage) are entries that would typically be recorded in a garbage record book. However, the statement "all of the above" implies that none of the options mentioned are entries in the garbage record book. Therefore, "all of the above" is the entry that is not found in the garbage record book.

OPA 90, or the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, is a U.S. federal law that was enacted after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. It establishes the framework for responding to and cleaning up oil spills. OPA 90 requires the creation of a system where private entities, such as oil companies, would be responsible for providing the necessary equipment and personnel to respond to and clean up oil spills. Therefore, OPA 90 is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the creation of a system where the private sector plays a major role in oil spill response and cleanup efforts.

The Annex I takes into force on October 02, 1983.

The maximum months for the renewal survey to be completed and the existing certificate to be endorsed is 5 months. This means that the survey and endorsement process should be completed within a maximum time frame of 5 months.

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Food wastes (ground) can be discharged within special areas no less than 3 miles. This means that food wastes that have been ground or processed into smaller pieces can be discharged in designated areas that are at least 3 miles away from the shore. This is likely because ground food wastes are easier to break down and disperse in the water, reducing the potential impact on the marine environment.

An intermediate survey is conducted three months before or after the second or third anniversary date of a certificate. This survey is likely to assess the progress or performance of the certificate holder during the specified time frame. It helps to ensure that the certificate holder is meeting the required standards and maintaining compliance.

The bunker delivery note should be retained on board for 3 years after the fuel oil has been delivered for available inspections. This is important for record-keeping purposes and to ensure that the vessel remains compliant with regulations. By retaining the bunker delivery note for this duration, the ship can provide evidence of the fuel oil quality and quantity delivered, which may be required for inspections or audits.

The correct answer is 25 millimeters. This means that the size of the screen opening of food waste that can be discharged within the outside and inside of special areas should not be less than 25 millimeters. This regulation helps to prevent the discharge of larger food waste particles that could potentially harm marine life or cause pollution in the surrounding waters.

Portable pumps are used for spill mitigation and quickly vacuuming any deck spillage into cargo or slop tanks. These pumps are designed to be easily transported and can be quickly set up to remove spilled pollutants from the deck. They are efficient in recovering spilled materials and preventing further pollution.

The Oil Spill Removal Organization must be activated within 30 minutes from the time the oil spill is discovered. This is likely because prompt action is crucial in containing and minimizing the effects of an oil spill. By activating the organization within 30 minutes, they can quickly mobilize resources, equipment, and personnel to the site of the spill, allowing them to begin the necessary cleanup and remediation efforts in a timely manner.

Nitrogen oxides refer to the pollution that is being produced from the main engine of ships. These pollutants are formed when nitrogen in the fuel or air reacts with oxygen during the combustion process. Nitrogen oxides contribute to air pollution and can have harmful effects on human health and the environment. They are regulated by international and national laws to reduce their emissions from ships and other sources.

The release of substances from ships into the atmosphere or sea is commonly referred to as emissions. This can include the release of smoke, pollutants, and other substances that contribute to air pollution. Therefore, the correct answer is "emission" as it encompasses all of the mentioned options.

The correct answer is "call the Chief Engineer" because the other options are all appropriate responses that a crew would take in certain situations. Calling the Chief Engineer is not a response fold because it does not specify a specific action or task that the crew should undertake. It is more of a general instruction to contact the Chief Engineer, but it does not indicate what the purpose of the call would be or what action should be taken.

An intermediate survey is conducted three months before or after the second or third anniversary date of a certificate. This survey is likely conducted to assess the progress or performance of the certificate holder at a midpoint between the initial survey and the annual survey or renewal survey. It provides an opportunity to evaluate any changes or improvements made since the initial survey and helps ensure that the certificate holder is meeting the required standards and regulations.

The maximum months for renewal survey completion and endorsement of an existing certificate is 5 months. This means that the survey and endorsement process must be completed within this time frame. It is important to adhere to this timeline to ensure that the certificate remains valid and up to date.

The maximum limit of the sulphur content of a fuel oil used on board a ship within Sox Emission Control Areas is 1.5% micro millimeter.

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The correct answer is "both A and C" because the question is asking about the area where the garbage is being discharged. The entries of port or facility and the name of the ship are both relevant factors in determining the area where the discharge is taking place. The sea area refers to the general location in the ocean where the garbage is being discharged, while the accidental area refers to a specific location where the discharge may occur due to an accident or emergency situation. Therefore, both A (sea area) and C (accidental area) are correct answers.