Quiz EKG And Telemetry

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1. Normal duration of QRS complex?

Explanation

The normal duration of the QRS complex is 0.06 to 0.10 seconds. This represents the time it takes for the electrical impulses to travel through the ventricles of the heart, causing them to contract and pump blood. Any deviation from this range may indicate abnormalities in the conduction system of the heart, such as bundle branch blocks or ventricular hypertrophy.

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About This Quiz
Quiz EKG And Telemetry - Quiz

Telemetry monitoring and EKGs both monitor a patient's heart activity. While the two systems are similar in many ways, they vary in some key areas. As such, it's not uncommon for people to wonder about the difference between what telemetry technicians and EKG technicians do. Take the test and see... see moreif you can note the difference. see less

2. What is the normal length in PR interval in both seconds and mm?

Explanation

The normal length of the PR interval is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds (3-5 mm). This indicates the time it takes for the electrical signal to travel from the atria to the ventricles in the heart. A PR interval within this range suggests a normal conduction of the electrical impulses and proper coordination between the atria and ventricles.

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3. Choose the correct placement of V1 :

Explanation

The correct placement of V1 is in the 4th right intercostal space. This is a standard placement for the V1 electrode in an ECG (electrocardiogram) test. The intercostal spaces are the spaces between the ribs, and the 4th right intercostal space refers to the space on the right side of the chest, between the 4th and 5th ribs. This placement allows for accurate measurement of the electrical activity of the heart from this specific location.

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4. Premature atrial beat is every other beat 

Explanation

Atrial bigeminy is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by premature atrial beats occurring every other beat. This means that after every normal beat, there is a premature beat originating from the atria. This results in a pattern of alternating normal and premature beats, hence the term "bigeminy." Atrial trigeminy, on the other hand, refers to premature atrial beats occurring every third beat. Since the given description matches atrial bigeminy, it is the correct answer.

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5. Midpoint between V2 and V4

Explanation

The midpoint between V2 and V4 would be V3. The question is asking for the point that lies exactly in the middle of V2 and V4, and that point is V3.

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6. What would you typically see on EKG if a patient had Bundle Branch Block

Explanation

A bundle branch block is a condition where there is a delay or blockage in the electrical conduction through the bundle branches of the heart. This leads to a delay in the ventricles contracting, resulting in a widened QRS complex on an EKG. The QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles, and a widened QRS indicates that the electrical impulse is taking longer to travel through the ventricles. Therefore, the correct answer is "Wide QRS."

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7. Name the placement for V4

Explanation

The correct answer is 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line. This is the correct placement for V4 in an ECG (electrocardiogram). V4 is typically placed in the 5th intercostal space, which is the space between the ribs, and it is positioned along the midclavicular line, which is a vertical line drawn down from the midpoint of the clavicle. This placement allows for accurate recording of the electrical activity of the heart from this specific lead.

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8. What view of the heart does V1-V4 give ?

Explanation

V1-V4 leads in the electrocardiogram (ECG) provide a view of the anterior surface of the heart. These leads are placed on the chest in specific positions to capture electrical activity from the front of the heart. By analyzing the ECG waveform in these leads, healthcare professionals can assess the electrical conduction and function of the anterior part of the heart, including the left ventricle and the septum.

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9. What segment, if elevated or depressed, reveals a sign of serious pathology?

Explanation

Elevation or depression of the ST segment on an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a significant sign of serious pathology. The ST segment represents the interval between ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Any abnormality in this segment can indicate myocardial infarction, ischemia, or other cardiac conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is ST.

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10. What wave represents ventricular repolarization?

Explanation

The T wave represents ventricular repolarization. During ventricular repolarization, the ventricles of the heart relax and reset their electrical charge in preparation for the next heartbeat. The T wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents this phase of the cardiac cycle. It shows the electrical activity as the ventricles recover and return to their resting state.

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11. An R-R interval represents what on the EKG?

Explanation

An R-R interval represents one complete cardiac cycle on an EKG. The R-R interval is the time between two consecutive R waves, which corresponds to the contraction and relaxation of the ventricles of the heart. This interval is used to measure the heart rate and assess the regularity of the heart rhythm.

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12. Upon inspiration, your HR _________, and upon expiration, your HR ____________ ?

Explanation

Just think= I for inspiration
I for increase

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13. Vasovagal syncope is a reflex of ________response (dilates systemic arteries causing hypotension and slows SA node).

Explanation

Vasovagal syncope is a reflex that occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated. This activation leads to the dilation of systemic arteries, causing a drop in blood pressure (hypotension). Additionally, it slows down the SA node, which is responsible for initiating the electrical signals that regulate the heart's rhythm. Therefore, the correct answer is parasympathetic.

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14. This EKG finding is pathognomonic for which of the diseases below:  S1 Q3 T(inverted)3

Explanation

The EKG finding of S1 Q3 T3 inversion is pathognomonic for pulmonary embolism. This specific pattern is commonly seen in patients with acute pulmonary embolism, where there is a deep S wave in lead I, a Q wave in lead III, and an inverted T wave in lead III. This finding is believed to be caused by right ventricular strain and acute right heart overload due to the obstruction of pulmonary arteries by a blood clot. It is important to recognize this EKG pattern as it can help in the early diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment.

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15. The 4th intercostal space, right side of the sternum

Explanation

V1 refers to the first lead of the electrocardiogram (ECG) placement on the chest. The placement of V1 is in the 4th intercostal space, which is the space between the ribs, on the right side of the sternum, which is the bone in the center of the chest. This specific placement allows for the accurate recording of electrical activity in the heart from this angle.

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16. What leads are considered inferior leads?

Explanation

II, III, and aVF leads are considered inferior leads in electrocardiography. The term "inferior" refers to the anatomical location of these leads on the body. These leads are placed on the lower part of the chest and abdomen. The inferior leads are useful for detecting abnormalities in the inferior wall of the heart, including the right ventricle and the inferior part of the left ventricle. They are particularly important in diagnosing conditions such as inferior myocardial infarction.

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17. What view of the heart does V5-V6 give ?

Explanation

V5-V6 electrodes are placed on the left side of the chest, specifically on the left anterior axillary line and left midaxillary line respectively. These positions provide a left lateral view of the heart. This view allows for the visualization of the left ventricle, left atrium, and the lateral walls of the heart. The electrical activity recorded from these electrodes helps in diagnosing conditions such as left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarction in the lateral wall of the heart.

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18. Name the correct placement of V2:

Explanation

The correct placement of V2 is in the 4th left intercostal space. This is a specific location on the chest where the electrode for lead V2 is placed during an electrocardiogram (ECG) test. The ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart and helps diagnose various heart conditions. Placing the electrode in the correct position allows for accurate readings of the heart's electrical signals.

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19. Please choose the lead placement for V5/V6
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20. What is the best match for the following definition: a barely detectable rate change in sinus pacing related to inspiration and expiration ?

Explanation

Sinus arrhythmia is the best match for the given definition. Sinus arrhythmia refers to a barely detectable rate change in the pacing of the heart's sinus node, which is influenced by the process of inspiration and expiration. This phenomenon causes the heart rate to slightly increase during inspiration and decrease during expiration. It is a normal variation in heart rhythm and is commonly observed in healthy individuals. Atrial arrhythmia, atrioventricular arrhythmia, and ventricular arrhythmia do not specifically involve rate changes related to inspiration and expiration, making them less suitable matches for the given definition.

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21. You would typically see a peaked, tent like T wave in what condition?

Explanation

T wave is a tent that holds K+ ions.
Hyperkalemia has many K+ ions so is a tall tent
Hypokalemia has little K+ ions so is a collapsed tent

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22. What part of the EKG is known as the "plateau phase", and represents the initial part of ventricular repolarization?

Explanation

The ST segment of the EKG is known as the "plateau phase" and represents the initial part of ventricular repolarization. During this phase, the ventricles are in a state of electrical recovery and preparing for the next heartbeat. The ST segment is important in diagnosing various cardiac conditions, such as myocardial infarction, as any deviations from the normal baseline can indicate abnormalities in the heart's electrical activity.

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23. One large square is equal to what amount of time (and distance) on EKG? 

Explanation

The correct answer is 0.2 sec/5mm. This means that one large square on an EKG represents a time interval of 0.2 seconds and a distance of 5 millimeters. The EKG measures the electrical activity of the heart, and each square on the EKG paper represents a specific time and distance measurement. Therefore, this answer correctly identifies the time and distance represented by one large square on the EKG.

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24. In which leads would you see a positive P wave?

Explanation

The P wave represents atrial depolarization in an electrocardiogram (ECG). It is a small upward deflection before the QRS complex. A positive P wave indicates that the electrical activity is moving towards the positive electrode. In leads I, II, AVL, AVF, V4-V6, the positive electrode is positioned in a way that it can detect the atrial depolarization moving towards it, hence resulting in a positive P wave.

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25. One small square on an EKG is equivalent to how much time ( and what  distance)?

Explanation

In an EKG, the small squares on the graph paper represent a specific amount of time. The standard measurement is that one small square equals 0.04 seconds. Additionally, the small squares also represent a specific distance, with each small square measuring 1 millimeter. Therefore, the correct answer is ".04 sec (1mm)" as it accurately represents the time and distance measurement of one small square on an EKG.

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26. _____________ is an irregular rhythm produced by pacemaker activity wandering from SA node.

Explanation

Wandering pacemaker refers to an irregular rhythm that occurs when the pacemaker activity wanders away from the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is the normal pacemaker of the heart. In this condition, the pacemaker activity shifts between the SA node and other sites within the atria. This results in an irregularity in the heart's rhythm. Therefore, the correct answer is wandering pacemaker.

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27. The 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line, left side

Explanation

V6 refers to the 6th lead on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and is placed in the 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line, on the left side of the chest. This lead provides information about the electrical activity of the heart from a specific angle, allowing for the detection of abnormalities or changes in the heart's rhythm or function. By placing V6 in this specific location, healthcare professionals can obtain a clear and accurate representation of the electrical activity in the left ventricle of the heart.

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28. In which lead is the P wave best seen?

Explanation

The P wave represents atrial depolarization in an electrocardiogram (ECG). Lead II is positioned between the right arm and left leg, providing a good view of the electrical activity in the heart's inferior region. This makes it the best lead to visualize the P wave, as it captures the atrial depolarization from a more optimal angle.

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29. The rate of Paroxysmal tachycardia is typically:

Explanation

Paroxysmal tachycardia is a condition characterized by sudden, rapid heartbeats that start and stop abruptly. The correct answer, 150-250 bpm, indicates that the typical heart rate during an episode of paroxysmal tachycardia falls within this range. This means that during an episode, the heart rate can range from 150 beats per minute to 250 beats per minute.

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30. ST segment elevation is a sign of:

Explanation

ST segment elevation on an electrocardiogram is a characteristic sign of acute ischemic injury. This elevation indicates that there is an obstruction in the blood flow to the heart, leading to inadequate oxygen supply to the affected area. This is commonly seen in conditions such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) where there is a sudden blockage in the coronary arteries supplying the heart muscle. It is an important diagnostic criterion for identifying acute ischemic injury and prompt medical intervention is required to restore blood flow and prevent further damage to the heart.

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31. The QT interval varies with heart rate,  and thus must be corrected. This corrected QT interval is also abbreviated as (QTc). This value is considered normal when it's less than half of the _____ interval at normal rates.

Explanation

The QT interval is a measure of the time it takes for the ventricles of the heart to contract and then recover. It is influenced by the heart rate, with shorter QT intervals at faster heart rates and longer QT intervals at slower heart rates. To account for this variability, the QT interval is corrected using the R-R interval, which represents the time between consecutive ventricular contractions. The corrected QT interval (QTc) is considered normal when it is less than half of the R-R interval at normal heart rates.

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32. What is another name for an automaticity focus that transiently escapes overdrive suppression to emit one beat (atrial, junctional, or ventricular)?

Explanation

An escape beat is another name for an automaticity focus that transiently escapes overdrive suppression to emit one beat. It refers to a single beat that occurs when the normal pacemaker fails to fire or is suppressed, and another pacemaker site takes over temporarily. This can happen in the atria, junctional area, or ventricles, resulting in an escape beat.

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33. What does the Sympathetic system do to the heart, and what receptors are associated with it?

Explanation

The sympathetic system constricts arteries through the activation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors. These receptors are responsible for causing vasoconstriction, which leads to a narrowing of the arteries. This response increases blood pressure and redirects blood flow to vital organs during times of stress or danger.

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34. 1. a _____ escape beat produces a large QRS. 2.a _______escape beat may produce a retrograde P' before/after/buried within QRS,  3. A______escape beat is followed by P',

Explanation

A ventricular escape beat produces a large QRS complex because it originates from the ventricles, which have a larger muscle mass compared to the atria. A junctional escape beat may produce a retrograde P' wave before, after, or buried within the QRS complex because it originates from the AV junction, which can cause the electrical signal to travel backwards towards the atria. An atrial escape beat is followed by a P' wave because it originates from the atria, which results in a normal atrial depolarization before the ventricles contract.

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35. Which would you expect to see on EKG of a patient with normal axis?

Explanation

A patient with normal axis would be expected to have a positive QRS in lead I and a positive QRS in lead AVF. This is because the electrical activity of the heart is normally directed towards the left ventricle, which generates a positive deflection in lead I. Additionally, the electrical activity is also directed towards the inferior part of the heart, which generates a positive deflection in lead AVF. Therefore, a patient with normal axis would exhibit positive QRS complexes in both lead I and lead AVF.

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36. If you see an inverted, symmetric T wave on an EKG, especially in V2-V6, what does the pt most likely have?

Explanation

If an inverted, symmetric T wave is observed on an EKG, particularly in leads V2-V6, it is most likely indicative of ischemia. Ischemia refers to inadequate blood flow to the heart, which can be caused by a blockage or narrowing of the coronary arteries. This can lead to a lack of oxygen and nutrients reaching the heart muscle, resulting in changes in the EKG waveform, such as an inverted T wave. MI (myocardial infarction) and Brugada syndrome can also cause abnormal EKG findings, but in this case, the most likely cause is ischemia. Digitalis toxicity is not typically associated with inverted T waves.

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37. Which of the following best represents the normal height of the T WAVE?

Explanation

The T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles in the heart. It is typically a positive deflection on an ECG waveform. The normal height of the T wave is usually between 1/3 and 2/3 of the height of the corresponding R wave. This means that the T wave is generally smaller in amplitude compared to the R wave.

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38. What disease shows  a HR > 100 bpm·and P' waves of various shape?      

Explanation

Different atrial foci firing= different p wave morphologies

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39. What leads are considered (left) lateral leads?

Explanation

The leads I and aVL are considered (left) lateral leads because they are positioned on the left side of the heart. These leads provide a view of the lateral wall of the left ventricle and help in diagnosing conditions such as myocardial infarction or ischemia affecting this area. The other leads mentioned, aVR, V5, V6, II, and III, are not considered lateral leads as they do not provide a direct view of the lateral wall.

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40.  What would you most likely see in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy?

Explanation

In Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, there is an enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart. This causes changes in the electrical activity of the heart, which can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG). One of the characteristic findings in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy is a deep S wave in lead V1 and a large R wave in lead V5. This pattern is indicative of the changes in ventricular depolarization that occur in this condition.

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41. In what leads do you see an "R wave progression"?

Explanation

The correct answer is v1 to v6. R wave progression refers to the gradual increase in the amplitude of R waves from lead V1 to V6 on an electrocardiogram (ECG). In a normal ECG, the R wave should progressively increase in amplitude from V1 to V6, indicating normal ventricular depolarization. This pattern can be disrupted in certain cardiac conditions such as myocardial infarction or ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, the presence of R wave progression in leads V1 to V6 suggests a normal cardiac electrical conduction.

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42. Horizontal heart is most typically found in slender patients.

Explanation

*Vertical heart = found in tall/slender patients

*Horizontal heart = found in obese patients due to abdomen pressure pushing up on diaphragm

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43. In an anterior hemiblock you would typically see_____ In a posterior hemiblock you would typically see ______

Explanation

In an anterior hemiblock, the left anterior fascicle of the bundle branch is blocked, leading to delayed conduction of electrical signals in the left ventricle. This results in a characteristic pattern on an electrocardiogram (ECG) known as left axis deviation (LAD). On the other hand, in a posterior hemiblock, the right posterior fascicle of the bundle branch is blocked, causing delayed conduction in the right ventricle. This leads to right axis deviation (RAD) on the ECG. Therefore, the correct answer is LAD; RAD.

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44. What disease do you see QRS complexes of small amplitude in all leads?

Explanation

In COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), the QRS complexes of small amplitude can be seen in all leads. This is due to the hyperinflation of the lungs, which causes the heart to be positioned more horizontally and further away from the chest leads. As a result, the electrical activity of the heart is attenuated, leading to smaller QRS complexes on the ECG. This finding is commonly observed in patients with COPD.

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45. What is always the tail of the mean QRS vector?

Explanation

The AV node is always the tail of the mean QRS vector. The mean QRS vector represents the average direction of electrical activity during ventricular depolarization. The AV node is located at the base of the atria and is responsible for delaying the electrical impulse before it is conducted to the ventricles. Since the mean QRS vector represents ventricular depolarization, the AV node, being the last structure involved in the conduction pathway before the ventricles, is always the tail of the mean QRS vector.

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46. The 5th intercostal space, midciavicular line left side is: 

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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47. Regarding the QRS complex: In which lead(s) would you see a TALL R wave?

Explanation

The QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles during a heartbeat. A tall R wave in the QRS complex indicates a strong depolarization of the ventricles. In leads V5 and V6, the electrodes are placed over the left ventricle, which is responsible for generating a large portion of the electrical activity during depolarization. Therefore, it is expected to see a tall R wave in leads V5 and V6.

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48. What would cause an  inverted P' immediately before premature QRS?

Explanation

A premature junctional beat occurs when the electrical signals in the heart originate from the junction between the atria and the ventricles, instead of the normal site in the atria. In this case, the premature junctional beat causes an abnormal depolarization of the atria, which is conducted in a retrograde manner towards the atria. This retrograde atrial depolarization results in an inverted P' wave immediately before the premature QRS complex.

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49. The correct lead from the center of the heart to the postive pole of the right arm

Explanation

AVR stands for Augmented Vector Right, which is a lead in the electrocardiogram (ECG) that records the electrical activity of the heart. The lead is placed on the right arm, specifically the positive pole of the right arm. AVR is one of the standard leads used in a 12-lead ECG, and it provides information about the electrical activity of the heart from a different angle compared to other leads. It helps in diagnosing various cardiac conditions and abnormalities.

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50. What plane does axis rotation take place in?

Explanation

Axis rotation refers to the rotation of an object around a fixed axis. In this case, the question is asking about the plane in which this rotation takes place. The correct answer is horizontal because horizontal refers to the plane that is parallel to the ground or the horizon. Therefore, when an object rotates around its axis, it rotates in a horizontal plane.

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51. *Neurocardiogenic syncope: paradoxical __________response to prolonged _________, causing __________and slowing of the pulse, resulting in loss of consciousness.  (Tilt test that is positive confirms dx)

Explanation

The correct answer is parasympathetic; standing; vasodilation. Neurocardiogenic syncope is a condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate, leading to loss of consciousness. In this condition, the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for rest and digestion, becomes overactive. When a person stands up, the parasympathetic response causes blood vessels to dilate, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. This decrease in blood pressure and the slowing of the heart rate result in loss of consciousness. The tilt test, which reproduces the symptoms, can confirm the diagnosis.

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52. What would you most likely see in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy?

Explanation

In Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, the right ventricle becomes enlarged and the electrical activity in the heart is affected. This leads to changes in the ECG waveform. One characteristic finding is a large R wave in lead V1, which indicates increased electrical activity in the right ventricle. As we move from lead V2 to V4, the R wave gradually decreases in size. This pattern is consistent with the electrical changes seen in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy.

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53. In which lead would you see a BIPHASIC P wave?

Explanation

In lead V1, a BIPHASIC P wave can be seen.

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54. Match the definition below with its appropriate vocab term: "A continuous reentry circuit in AV node or lower atria that rapidly paces atria and ventricles (can only be eliminated by catheter ablation)"

Explanation

AVNRT stands for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) characterized by a continuous reentry circuit in the atrioventricular (AV) node or lower atria. This abnormal circuit causes rapid pacing of both the atria and ventricles, leading to a fast heart rate. AVNRT can only be eliminated by a procedure called catheter ablation, which involves destroying the abnormal electrical pathway in the heart.

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55. An abnormal Q wave is: > 1mm wide or > 0.04 sec

Explanation

An abnormal Q wave is defined as being greater than 1mm wide or greater than 0.04 seconds in duration. This abnormality can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and may indicate a previous myocardial infarction or heart attack. The Q wave represents the initial downward deflection of the QRS complex, and if it is wider or longer than normal, it may suggest damage to the heart muscle. It is important to identify and evaluate abnormal Q waves as they can provide valuable information about a patient's cardiac health.

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56. What does the Parasympathetic system do to the heart, and what receptors are associated with it?

Explanation

The parasympathetic system causes dilation of arteries through the activation of cholinergic receptors. Cholinergic receptors are associated with the release of acetylcholine, which is the neurotransmitter responsible for the parasympathetic response. When these receptors are activated, they cause relaxation of smooth muscles in the arterial walls, leading to dilation of the arteries. This dilation helps to increase blood flow and decrease blood pressure.

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57. What is another name for an automaticity focus that escapes overdrive suppression to pace at its inherent rate?

Explanation

An escape rhythm refers to the phenomenon where a specific area of the heart takes over the role of the natural pacemaker, pacing the heart at its inherent rate. This rhythm occurs when the normal pacemaker fails or is suppressed by overdrive, allowing another area of the heart to initiate the heartbeat. It is considered an automaticity focus because it originates from an ectopic site within the heart and escapes the suppression of the normal pacemaker.

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58.  If a PVC falls on a ___ wave, it could lead to serious arrhythmias. This is known as ____ on ____ phenomenon. 

Explanation

When a PVC (premature ventricular contraction) falls on a T wave, it can cause serious arrhythmias. This phenomenon is known as "R on T" phenomenon.

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59. Normal height and length of P wave? ** < stands for less than or equal to

Explanation

The normal height of a P wave is usually less than or equal to 2.5 mm, and the normal length is typically less than or equal to 0.11 seconds. These measurements are used to assess the electrical activity of the atria during an electrocardiogram (ECG). Abnormalities in the height or length of the P wave can indicate various cardiac conditions, such as atrial enlargement or conduction abnormalities.

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60. Regarding the QRS complex: In which leads would you see a Deep S wave ?

Explanation

In leads V1 and V2, a deep S wave is typically seen in the QRS complex. This is because these leads are positioned over the right ventricle, which is responsible for generating the S wave. Leads V3, V4, V5, and V6 are positioned over the left ventricle, and therefore typically show a taller R wave rather than a deep S wave.

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61. _______________ is seen in : subendocardial infarct and digitalis toxicity.

Explanation

Subendocardial infarct causes flat depression of ST segment, can be horizontal or downsloping

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62. Regarding the QRS complex: In which lead(s) would you see a biphasic complex, reflection a "transition zone"?

Explanation

In the QRS complex, a biphasic complex refers to a waveform that has both positive and negative deflections. The "transition zone" refers to the point where the QRS complex changes from predominantly negative to predominantly positive. In this case, leads V3 and V4 would show a biphasic complex with a transition zone, indicating a change in the direction of the electrical activity.

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63. If you see a gradual downward curve of ST segment , what disease would you think of?

Explanation

If there is a gradual downward curve of the ST segment, it is indicative of digitalis toxicity. Digitalis is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions, but an overdose or toxicity can lead to various cardiac abnormalities, including changes in the ST segment. This downward curve can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and is a characteristic finding in digitalis toxicity. It is important to recognize this pattern as it can help diagnose and manage the condition appropriately.

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64. If you see a patient with a positive QRS in lead I, and a negative QRS in lead aVF, what sort of axis do they have?

Explanation

A patient with a positive QRS in lead I and a negative QRS in lead aVF indicates a Left Axis Deviation (LAD). In a normal axis, the QRS complex would be predominantly positive in lead I and aVF. However, in LAD, the electrical activity of the heart is shifted towards the left side. This can be caused by conditions such as left ventricular hypertrophy or conduction abnormalities.

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65. When would it be NORMAL to see two p waves on every EKG?

Explanation

In a patient with a heart transplant, it would be normal to see two P waves on every EKG. This is because during a heart transplant, the patient's native heart is replaced with a donor heart. The donor heart is connected to the recipient's own atria, resulting in the presence of two sets of P waves on the EKG. One set of P waves represents the electrical activity of the donor heart, while the other set represents the electrical activity of the recipient's own atria. Therefore, seeing two P waves on every EKG in a patient with a heart transplant is a normal finding.

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66. If you see  that the ST segment is elevated, flat or concave elevation AND the entire T wave is elevated off baseline, what disease would most likely be happening?

Explanation

Pericarditis is the most likely disease that would be happening if the ST segment is elevated, flat or concave elevation, and the entire T wave is elevated off baseline. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. In pericarditis, the inflammation can cause changes in the ECG, including ST segment elevation and elevated T waves. These ECG findings, along with clinical symptoms such as chest pain and friction rub, are consistent with the diagnosis of pericarditis.

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67. Cardiac parasympathetic innervation cannot inhibit SA node/atrial foci/junctional foci, but it can inhibit ventricular foci.

Explanation

ardiac parasympathetic innervation can inhibit SA node/atrial foci/junctional foci producing a pause, but it cannot inhibit ventricular foci

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68. Check all leads except ______to look for presence of significant Q waves.

Explanation

The correct answer is AVR. In an ECG, Q waves are indicative of myocardial infarction. To check for the presence of significant Q waves, leads V1, AVF, and AVL are typically examined. However, AVR is not a lead that is commonly used to assess for Q waves.

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69. You think your hot, How about this ?

Explanation

The T wave is a part of the cardiac cycle that represents ventricular repolarization. It occurs after the ventricles have contracted and is responsible for resetting the electrical state of the heart. The T wave is typically positive in leads that are facing the ventricles, but can be negative in some leads. It is important to note any abnormalities in the T wave as they can indicate various cardiac conditions.

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70. Name this part.

Explanation

The QRS complex refers to the combination of the Q, R, and S waves on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It represents the depolarization of the ventricles, which is the electrical activation that causes the ventricles to contract and pump blood. The QRS complex is an important indicator of the electrical activity and function of the heart.

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71. True or False: ·       The wandering pacemaker has an  abnormal rate range, and its cycle length varies.

Explanation

The wandering pacemaker has a NORMAL rate range- it's cycle length varies

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72. The term used to describe the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minutes called

Explanation

Cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It is a measure of the heart's efficiency in delivering oxygenated blood to the body's organs and tissues. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (number of heartbeats per minute) by the stroke volume (amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat). This measurement is essential in assessing cardiac function and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.

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73. What portion of the EKG represents the duration of ventricular systole?       

Explanation

The QT interval on an EKG represents the duration of ventricular systole. It measures the time it takes for the ventricles to contract and then relax. This interval includes the depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles, which is crucial for proper heart function. Monitoring the QT interval can help identify any abnormalities in ventricular systole, such as a prolonged QT interval which may indicate an increased risk of arrhythmias. Therefore, the correct answer is QT interval.

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74. Name this part of the EKG

Explanation

The ST segment is a part of the EKG that represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization. It is a flat, isoelectric line that connects the QRS complex to the T wave. The ST segment is important in diagnosing myocardial infarction and ischemia, as changes in its shape or elevation can indicate cardiac abnormalities.

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75. Name this part of the EKG.

Explanation

The PR interval is the time interval on an EKG that represents the electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles. It begins at the start of the P wave and ends at the start of the QRS complex. It is measured from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex. The PR interval is important in assessing the conduction system of the heart and can help diagnose certain heart conditions such as heart block.

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76. Peculiar down sloping shape of ST seen in leads V1, V2 is pathognomonic for what disease 

Explanation

Brugada also has R BBB and ST elevation in leads V1-V3

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77. The correct lead from the center of heart to the positive pole of the left leg is 

Explanation

The lead from the center of the heart to the positive pole of the left leg is called AVF. AVF stands for Augmented Vector Foot and is one of the standard leads used in electrocardiography. It is placed on the left leg and provides information about the electrical activity of the heart.

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78. What is the best lead for determining RAD?

Explanation

Lead I is the best lead for determining RAD because it provides a view of the electrical activity between the right and left arm electrodes. This lead is helpful in assessing the axis deviation of the heart, as it shows the electrical flow from the right arm to the left arm. By analyzing the QRS complex in Lead I, healthcare professionals can determine if there is right axis deviation present.

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79. Here is another.

Explanation

The S wave is the third wave in the normal cardiac electrical conduction sequence, following the P wave and Q wave. It represents the depolarization of the ventricles and is seen as a downward deflection on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The S wave is important in assessing the health and function of the ventricles, as abnormalities in its shape, duration, or amplitude can indicate various cardiac conditions.

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80. Name this part?

Explanation

The ST segment is a part of the electrocardiogram (ECG) that represents the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization. It is the flat, isoelectric line that follows the S wave and precedes the T wave. The ST segment is important in diagnosing various cardiac conditions, such as myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, and pericarditis. Changes in the ST segment can indicate abnormalities in the heart's electrical activity and can help healthcare professionals identify and treat these conditions.

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81. Which limb sensor is the reference or ground electrode?

Explanation

The right leg is the reference or ground electrode in limb sensors because it is commonly used as a reference point in electrocardiography (ECG) and other medical monitoring systems. The right leg electrode serves as a stable point of reference for measuring the electrical activity of the heart and other limb muscles. By using the right leg as the reference, any unwanted electrical noise or interference can be minimized, resulting in more accurate and reliable measurements.

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82. 3 or more PVC's in a row is also known as what? Use full answer, or standard abbreviation.

Explanation

When a person experiences 3 or more premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in a row, it is referred to as Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). VT is a condition characterized by a rapid heart rate originating from the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart. It can be potentially life-threatening and may require medical intervention. The abbreviation "VT" is commonly used to represent Ventricular Tachycardia.

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83.  Name this part of the EKG segment.


       

Explanation

The P wave in an EKG segment represents atrial depolarization, which is the electrical activation of the atria. This wave is typically small and rounded, indicating the spread of electrical impulses through the atria. It is followed by the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization. The P wave is important in determining the regularity and origin of the heart's electrical impulses.

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84. Ok, now try this

Explanation

The R wave is a graphical representation of the depolarization of the ventricles during an electrocardiogram (ECG). It represents the contraction of the ventricles and is the largest positive deflection on the ECG waveform. The R wave is important in determining the overall health and function of the heart, as abnormalities in its shape, size, or timing can indicate various cardiac conditions.

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85. The stylus marks the EKG paper by: 

Explanation

The stylus marks the EKG paper by applying heat. Heat is used to generate the marks on the paper, which represent the electrical activity of the heart. This is a common method used in electrocardiography to record and analyze the heart's electrical signals.

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86. Name this part of the EKG segment.

Explanation

The R to R Interval refers to the time between two consecutive R waves on an EKG. It represents the duration of one complete cardiac cycle, including both the depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles. This interval is used to measure the heart rate and assess the regularity of the heart rhythm.

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87. If a Q wave is present it is always

Explanation

If a Q wave is present, it indicates a loss of electrical activity in the heart muscle. Q waves are typically seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) following a heart attack or myocardial infarction. These waves represent scar tissue in the heart, which is associated with a negative deflection on the ECG. Therefore, if a Q wave is present, it is always negative.

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88. Each heart beat consists of the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle. What is this called ?

Explanation

The correct answer is "cardiac cycle" because it accurately describes the process of a heart beat, which involves the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle. The cardiac cycle includes all the events that occur during one complete heartbeat, including the filling and emptying of the heart chambers and the opening and closing of the heart valves.

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89. Name this part of the EKG.

Explanation

The R wave is a part of the EKG that represents the depolarization of the ventricles. It is a positive deflection on the EKG tracing that occurs after the Q wave. The R wave is an important component in analyzing the electrical activity of the heart and can provide information about the size and function of the ventricles.

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90. Electrodes are also referred to as: 

Explanation

Electrodes are referred to as sensors because they are devices that detect and measure physical or chemical properties such as temperature, pressure, pH, or the presence of certain substances. Electrodes are specifically designed to convert these properties into electrical signals that can be measured and analyzed. Therefore, the term "sensors" accurately describes the function of electrodes in detecting and sensing various parameters.

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91. An EKG records the: 

Explanation

An EKG, also known as an electrocardiogram, is a medical test that measures and records the electrical activity of the heart. It is a non-invasive procedure that helps in diagnosing various heart conditions by detecting abnormal rhythms, irregularities, and other abnormalities in the heart's electrical signals. The electrical activity recorded by an EKG provides valuable information about the heart's overall health and function, helping healthcare professionals in diagnosing and monitoring cardiac conditions.

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92. The normal standardization mark should measure:

Explanation

The normal standardization mark should measure 5mm. This means that when measuring the standardization mark, it should be exactly 5mm in length. The standardization mark is used as a reference point for measurements and is typically a line or mark on a ruler or measuring instrument. It ensures accuracy and consistency in measurements by providing a fixed point of reference.

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93. The normail running speed of the EKG paper is:

Explanation

The normal running speed of the EKG paper is 25mm/sec. This means that the paper moves at a rate of 25 millimeters per second, allowing for accurate measurements and recording of the electrical activity of the heart. This speed is commonly used in medical settings to ensure that the EKG readings are clear and reliable.

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94. With a normal sensitivity setting, 1mV of electricity elevates the standardization mark:

Explanation

At a normal sensitivity setting, 1mV of electricity causes the standardization mark to be elevated by 5mm. This suggests that there is a direct relationship between the amount of electricity (measured in mV) and the elevation of the mark (measured in mm). Therefore, for every 1mV increase in electricity, the mark is elevated by 5mm.

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95. A waveform and segment are called

Explanation

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96. A pounding or racing of the heart such that the patient is a wave of his/her heartbeast is called 

Explanation

Palpitation refers to a pounding or racing sensation in the heart, where the patient feels as if their heart is beating forcefully or irregularly. This condition can be caused by various factors such as anxiety, stress, caffeine, nicotine, certain medications, or underlying heart conditions. Palpitations are often harmless and temporary, but in some cases, they may indicate a more serious heart problem. It is important for individuals experiencing palpitations to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment if necessary.

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97. What is NOT an EKG technicians responsibilty during exercise electocardiograpy? 

Explanation

During exercise electrocardiography, an EKG technician is responsible for monitoring the patient's heart activity and recording the electrical signals produced by the heart. They also ensure that the equipment is functioning properly and that the patient is comfortable during the procedure. However, the administration of drugs is not a responsibility of an EKG technician. This task is typically performed by a healthcare professional, such as a nurse or physician, who is trained and authorized to administer medications.

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98. Several wave forms are defined as 

Explanation

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99. The vertical axis of the EKG paper measures:

Explanation

The vertical axis of the EKG paper measures voltage/amplitude. This is because an EKG (electrocardiogram) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The electrical signals generated by the heart are recorded on the EKG paper, and the vertical axis represents the voltage or amplitude of these signals. By measuring the voltage or amplitude, healthcare professionals can analyze the heart's electrical activity and identify any abnormalities or irregularities.

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100. Which of the following parts of the conduction system conducts impulses down both sides of the interventricular septum?

Explanation

The bundle branches are responsible for conducting electrical impulses down both sides of the interventricular septum. This allows for coordinated contraction of the ventricles, ensuring efficient pumping of blood throughout the body.

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101. The small square horizontally on the EKG paper equal?

Explanation

The small square on the EKG paper is equal to 0.04 seconds. This is a standard measurement used in electrocardiography to calculate the duration of various electrical events in the heart. Each small square represents a specific time interval, and in this case, it is 0.04 seconds. This measurement is crucial in analyzing the electrical activity of the heart and diagnosing any abnormalities.

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102. How many electrodes are attached to the patient for Holter Monitering?

Explanation

For Holter monitoring, three electrodes are attached to the patient. These electrodes are used to record the electrical activity of the heart continuously over a period of time, typically 24 to 48 hours. By placing electrodes on specific locations on the chest, the electrical signals produced by the heart can be detected and recorded by the Holter monitor. This allows healthcare professionals to analyze the heart's rhythm and diagnose any abnormalities or irregularities.

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103. Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction and relaxation?

Explanation

The correct answer is "myocadium." However, it should be noted that the term "myocadium" is not a correct anatomical term. The correct term for the layer of the heart responsible for contraction and relaxation is the myocardium. The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall and is composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells that contract and relax to pump blood throughout the body.

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104. Which of the following is a reason that a physician requests excerise electrocardiography?

Explanation

Exercise electrocardiography, also known as a stress test, is a diagnostic procedure that helps physicians evaluate the heart's response to physical exertion. It is commonly used to assess patients with previous symptoms of angina, such as chest pain or discomfort, during exercise. By monitoring the electrocardiogram (ECG) while the patient exercises, the test can detect any abnormalities in the heart's electrical activity, indicating potential blockages or reduced blood flow to the heart. This information helps the physician diagnose and manage coronary artery disease, determine the effectiveness of treatment, and make decisions regarding further interventions or lifestyle modifications.

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105. Movement away from the baseline is called

Explanation

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106. The correct lead from the right arm to the leg is

Explanation

The given answer "II two" suggests that the correct lead from the right arm to the leg is the second lead. The term "two" further confirms that it is the second lead. However, without any context or additional information, it is difficult to determine the specific meaning or significance of the lead from the right arm to the leg.

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107. What is the average heart rate for an adult ? 

Explanation

The average heart rate for an adult is typically between 60-100 beats per minute. This range is considered normal and healthy for most adults. However, it is important to note that individual heart rates may vary based on factors such as age, fitness level, and overall health. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help keep the heart rate within this optimal range.

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108. The correct lead from the right arm to the left arm

Explanation

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109. In automaticity, what involuntary system controls the heartbeat?

Explanation

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions, including the heartbeat. It consists of two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system, which increases heart rate and prepares the body for action, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which decreases heart rate and promotes relaxation. This system works automatically, without conscious effort or control, to regulate the heartbeat and other essential bodily processes.

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110. Blood leaves the right ventricle and passes through this valve as it enters the blood vessel

Explanation

The pulmonic semilunar valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It allows blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. This valve prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle when the ventricle relaxes. Therefore, the pulmonic semilunar valve is responsible for directing blood flow from the heart to the lungs.

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111. On the ECG waveform, what is the ventriculare repolarization?

Explanation

The T wave on an ECG waveform represents ventricular repolarization. This is the phase of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles relax and reset their electrical charge in preparation for the next contraction. During ventricular repolarization, the ventricular muscle cells regain their resting membrane potential by pumping out excess positive ions and allowing the cell to return to a negative charge. This process is essential for the heart to maintain its regular rhythm and function properly.

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112. The correct lead from the left arm to the left leg is

Explanation

The correct lead from the left arm to the left leg is III (3) because in a standard 12-lead ECG, the leads are labeled with Roman numerals. Lead III represents the electrical activity between the left arm and the left leg. This lead provides valuable information about the electrical conduction in the heart and can help identify any abnormalities or irregularities.

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113. On the waveform what does the ORS complex represent

Explanation

The ORS complex on a waveform represents ventricular depolarization and the resulting ventricular contraction. This is because during this phase, the electrical signals in the ventricles cause them to contract and pump blood out of the heart. The ORS complex is typically larger and wider than other parts of the waveform, indicating the strong electrical activity and muscular contraction happening in the ventricles.

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Normal duration of QRS complex?
What is the normal length in PR interval in both seconds and mm?
Choose the correct placement of V1 :
Premature atrial beat is every other beat 
Midpoint between V2 and V4
What would you typically see on EKG if a patient had Bundle...
Name the placement for V4
What view of the heart does V1-V4 give ?
What segment, if elevated or depressed, reveals a sign of serious...
What wave represents ventricular repolarization?
An R-R interval represents what on the EKG?
Upon inspiration, your HR _________, and upon expiration, your HR...
Vasovagal syncope is a reflex of ________response (dilates systemic...
This EKG finding is pathognomonic for which of the diseases below:...
The 4th intercostal space, right side of the sternum
What leads are considered inferior leads?
What view of the heart does V5-V6 give ?
Name the correct placement of V2:
Please choose the lead placement for V5/V6
What is the best match for the following definition: a barely...
You would typically see a peaked, tent like T wave in what condition?
What part of the EKG is known as the "plateau phase", and...
One large square is equal to what amount of time (and distance) on...
In which leads would you see a positive P wave?
One small square on an EKG is equivalent to how much time ( and what...
_____________ is an irregular rhythm produced by pacemaker...
The 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line, left side
In which lead is the P wave best seen?
The rate of Paroxysmal tachycardia is typically:
ST segment elevation is a sign of:
The QT interval varies with heart rate,  and thus must be...
What is another name for an automaticity focus that transiently...
What does the Sympathetic system do to the heart, and what receptors...
1. a _____ escape beat produces a large QRS....
Which would you expect to see on EKG of a patient with normal axis?
If you see an inverted, symmetric T wave on an EKG, especially in...
Which of the following best represents the normal height of the T...
What disease shows  a HR > 100 bpm·and P' waves of...
What leads are considered (left) lateral leads?
 What would you most likely see in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy?
In what leads do you see an "R wave progression"?
Horizontal heart is most typically found in slender patients.
In an anterior hemiblock you would typically see_____...
What disease do you see QRS complexes of small amplitude in all leads?
What is always the tail of the mean QRS vector?
The 5th intercostal space, midciavicular line left side is: 
Regarding the QRS complex: In which lead(s) would you see a TALL R...
What would cause an  inverted P' immediately before premature...
The correct lead from the center of the heart to the postive pole of...
What plane does axis rotation take place in?
*Neurocardiogenic syncope: paradoxical __________response to prolonged...
What would you most likely see in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy?
In which lead would you see a BIPHASIC P wave?
Match the definition below with its appropriate vocab term:...
An abnormal Q wave is: > 1mm wide or > 0.04 sec
What does the Parasympathetic system do to the heart, and what...
What is another name for an automaticity focus that escapes overdrive...
 If a PVC falls on a ___ wave, it could lead to serious...
Normal height and length of P wave?...
Regarding the QRS complex: In which leads would you see a Deep S...
_______________ is seen in : subendocardial infarct and digitalis...
Regarding the QRS complex: In which lead(s) would you see a biphasic...
If you see a gradual downward curve of ST segment , what disease would...
If you see a patient with a positive QRS in lead I, and a negative QRS...
When would it be NORMAL to see two p waves on every EKG?
If you see  that the ST segment is elevated, flat or concave...
Cardiac parasympathetic innervation cannot inhibit SA node/atrial...
Check all leads except ______to look for presence of significant Q...
You think your hot, How about this ?
Name this part.
True or False: ·      ...
The term used to describe the amount of blood pumped by the heart per...
What portion of the EKG represents the duration of ventricular...
Name this part of the EKG
Name this part of the EKG.
Peculiar down sloping shape of ST seen in leads V1, V2 is...
The correct lead from the center of heart to the positive pole of the...
What is the best lead for determining RAD?
Here is another.
Name this part?
Which limb sensor is the reference or ground electrode?
3 or more PVC's in a row is also known as what?...
 Name this part of the EKG segment. ...
Ok, now try this
The stylus marks the EKG paper by: 
Name this part of the EKG segment.
If a Q wave is present it is always
Each heart beat consists of the contraction and relaxation of the...
Name this part of the EKG.
Electrodes are also referred to as: 
An EKG records the: 
The normal standardization mark should measure:
The normail running speed of the EKG paper is:
With a normal sensitivity setting, 1mV of electricity elevates the...
A waveform and segment are called
A pounding or racing of the heart such that the patient is a wave of...
What is NOT an EKG technicians responsibilty during exercise...
Several wave forms are defined as 
The vertical axis of the EKG paper measures:
Which of the following parts of the conduction system conducts...
The small square horizontally on the EKG paper equal?
How many electrodes are attached to the patient for Holter Monitering?
Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction and...
Which of the following is a reason that a physician requests excerise...
Movement away from the baseline is called
The correct lead from the right arm to the leg is
What is the average heart rate for an adult ? 
The correct lead from the right arm to the left arm
In automaticity, what involuntary system controls the heartbeat?
Blood leaves the right ventricle and passes through this valve as it...
On the ECG waveform, what is the ventriculare repolarization?
The correct lead from the left arm to the left leg is
On the waveform what does the ORS complex represent
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