Anesthesia Technology: Final Exam Review For Anesthesia Equipment 202

As an Anesthesia Technician, it is part of your duties to assist with various types of fires that may occur in a medical setting. This can include airway fires, OR fires, surgical fires, and even facility fires. It is important for an Anesthesia Technician to be prepared and knowledgeable on how to respond and assist in these situations to ensure the safety of patients and staff.

In the event of a fire in the operating room, it is crucial to turn off the flow of oxygen. Oxygen supports combustion, so if there is a fire, it can intensify and spread rapidly if the oxygen supply is not cut off. By turning off the flow of oxygen, the fire can be deprived of this fuel source, helping to control and extinguish the fire more effectively.

There is no need to do a test dose in a spinal because the CSF coming back out into the syringe is basically the test dose.

Local Anesthetics will actually move with gravity so patient positioning is very important to ensure the patient is properly anesthetized.

During the placement of a routine peripheral nerve block, X-ray equipment (e.g., fluoroscopy) would not be required. Peripheral nerve blocks are typically performed using ultrasound guidance, which provides real-time visualization of the nerves and surrounding structures. Ultrasound machines with gel are necessary to create the images. Sterile prep is essential to maintain a sterile environment during the procedure. Basic monitoring equipment is needed to monitor the patient's vital signs. A peripheral nerve stimulator may be used to confirm the correct placement of the needle and nerve block. However, X-ray equipment is not necessary for routine peripheral nerve blocks as ultrasound guidance is sufficient.

The correct answer is fuel, oxidizing source, and ignition source. In order for a fire to occur in the operating room, there needs to be a fuel source, such as flammable materials or gases, an oxidizing source, which provides oxygen to support combustion, and an ignition source, which could be a spark or heat. Without any of these three components, a fire cannot start or sustain itself.

M&M Ch 45 page 959

An N95 mask is used when treating patients with TB because it is designed to filter out at least 95% of airborne particles, including bacteria and viruses. TB is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and it can be spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The N95 mask provides a high level of protection for healthcare workers by preventing the inhalation of TB bacteria and reducing the risk of transmission.

The primary reason to pad peripheral nerves when positioning patients is to distribute point pressure. By using a pad, the pressure is evenly spread across the area, reducing the concentration of pressure on a single point. This helps to prevent nerve damage or discomfort that can occur when excessive pressure is applied to a specific area.

Vasoconstrictors are substances that constrict or narrow blood vessels. When used in spinal blocks, vasoconstrictors can help prolong the duration of the block. This is because vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to the area, which in turn slows down the absorption and metabolism of the anesthetic agent used in the block. As a result, the effects of the spinal block last longer.

The given answer is correct because femoral nerve blocks are not commonly used for hand surgeries. Femoral nerve blocks are typically used for knee surgeries to provide pain relief in the lower extremity. Hand surgeries usually require different types of nerve blocks, such as digital nerve blocks or ulnar nerve blocks.

All of the above may increase the risk of perioperative neuropathy. Elbow flexion can compress the ulnar nerve, leading to neuropathy. Improperly positioned operating room equipment can cause nerve compression or damage. Shoulder abduction can stretch or compress the brachial plexus, resulting in neuropathy. A head that has fallen off the pillow can cause nerve compression or stretching, leading to neuropathy. Therefore, all of these factors can contribute to an increased risk of perioperative neuropathy.

M&M Ch 48 page 1095

LIM do not help to protect against microshock.

The dispersive pad for electrosurgery should be placed over a well-muscled area, such as the thigh. This is because a well-muscled area provides better conduction and dispersion of the electrical current, ensuring that the energy is evenly distributed and minimizing the risk of burns or tissue damage. Placing the pad over a bony prominence or a total hip replacement may not provide sufficient conduction, while placing it over the hairiest possible part of the body may interfere with the pad's adherence. The statement that the dispersive pad is not necessary most of the time is incorrect, as it is an essential safety measure in electrosurgery.

All of the options listed, including bleeding or infections, seizures, pneumothorax or diaphragm dysfunction, and nerve injury, are potential complications of nerve blocks. Nerve blocks involve the injection of medication near or directly into nerves to block pain signals. While nerve blocks can be effective in managing pain, there are risks associated with the procedure. Bleeding or infections can occur at the injection site, seizures can be triggered in some individuals, pneumothorax or diaphragm dysfunction can result from incorrect needle placement, and nerve injury can occur if the needle damages the nerves. Therefore, all of the options mentioned can be potential complications.

Ulnar neuropathy is the most common peripheral nerve involved in perioperative neuropathy. Perioperative neuropathy refers to nerve damage that occurs during or after surgery. The ulnar nerve is a major peripheral nerve that runs from the neck to the hand, providing sensory and motor function to the forearm and hand. Damage to the ulnar nerve can result in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.

Preoperative fasting and surgical stress can lead to insulin resistance. During fasting, the body's glucose levels decrease, causing the pancreas to release glucagon and epinephrine, which stimulate the liver to produce glucose. This increased glucose production can result in insulin resistance, where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin. Surgical stress also triggers the release of stress hormones like cortisol, which can further contribute to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can impair the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels, potentially leading to hyperglycemia and other complications.

Scrubbing refers to the act of cleaning or rubbing a surface vigorously. When scrubbing, it is not permissible to keep rings on as they can get damaged or cause harm. Hence, the statement "It is permissible to scrub without removing rings" is false.

Wearing artificial or acrylic nails in the surgical setting is unacceptable because they may harbor microorganisms. This is because the surface of artificial or acrylic nails can easily trap and hold bacteria, making it difficult to effectively clean and sanitize the hands. These microorganisms can then be transferred to patients during surgical procedures, increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, it is important to avoid wearing artificial or acrylic nails in order to maintain a sterile and safe surgical environment.

M&M Ch 48 page 1093

The appropriate surgical attire for the scrub person includes headgear that covers all hair, protective eyewear, a face mask, and shoes that provide protection. This is important to ensure a sterile environment and to prevent the spread of bacteria or other contaminants during surgery. The headgear helps to prevent hair from falling into the surgical field, protective eyewear protects the eyes from any splashes or debris, the face mask helps to prevent the spread of droplets or particles from the scrub person's mouth or nose, and the shoes provide protection and help maintain a clean environment.

The correct answer is "Glove-to-glove and then skin-to-skin." This technique is used to prevent contamination when removing gloves. By grasping the outside of one glove with the gloved hand, the wearer can peel it off and hold it in the palm of the gloved hand. Then, the wearer can insert fingers of the bare hand inside the remaining glove, and peel it off, turning it inside out as it is removed. This method ensures that the contaminated surfaces of the gloves are not touched, minimizing the risk of spreading any potential pathogens.

A Thoracic Blockade (T1 - T4 Blockade) refers to the blocking of nerve impulses in the thoracic region of the spinal cord. This blockade can lead to unopposed vagal stimulation, which means that the parasympathetic nervous system is activated without any counteracting sympathetic nervous system activity. Vagal stimulation is known to slow down the heart rate, leading to bradycardia. Therefore, it is true that a Thoracic Blockade can cause unopposed vagal stimulation and bradycardia.

Jet ventilation is a technique used to provide artificial respiration during certain medical procedures. It involves delivering a high-pressure stream of gas directly into the airway. One of the risks associated with this technique is the aspiration of gastric contents. This can occur if the high-pressure gas causes the stomach to empty its contents into the airway, leading to the inhalation of stomach acid and other gastric fluids. Aspiration of gastric contents can cause lung inflammation, infection, and other complications. Therefore, it is important to carefully monitor and manage the patient's gastric contents during jet ventilation to minimize this risk.

The correct answer is "Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Evacuate." In emergency situations, the first priority is to rescue any individuals in danger. The next step is to sound the alarm to alert others and emergency services. Then, efforts are made to contain the situation and prevent further damage or harm. Finally, evacuation is carried out to ensure the safety of everyone involved.

Radiation can affect the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism. Exposure to radiation, such as during radiation therapy for cancer or nuclear accidents, can damage the cells in the thyroid gland and disrupt its normal functioning. This can lead to various thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism or an overactive thyroid. Regular monitoring and appropriate treatment are necessary for individuals who have been exposed to radiation to prevent complications related to thyroid dysfunction.

Abduction of the shoulder for greater than 90 degrees increases the risk of brachial plexopathy in a prone-positioned patient. The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that controls movement and sensation in the shoulder, arm, and hand. Abducting the shoulder beyond 90 degrees can stretch and compress the brachial plexus, leading to nerve damage and brachial plexopathy. This can result in symptoms such as pain, weakness, and numbness in the affected arm. Therefore, this maneuver should be avoided to minimize the risk of brachial plexopathy.

The proper response to a LIM alarm is to unplug the equipment, one at a time, starting with the last item plugged in. This is the correct answer because a LIM alarm indicates a grounding problem. By unplugging the equipment one at a time, starting with the last item plugged in, it allows you to identify the specific equipment causing the grounding issue and address it accordingly. This approach helps to isolate the problem and prevent any further damage or safety hazards.

During gowning, the circulating nurse can assist the scrub person by pulling the bottom edge of the front of the gown to eliminate blousing. This helps to ensure that the gown fits properly and reduces the risk of contamination. The circulating nurse can also help by pulling the shoulders up to get the creases out of the gown's sleeves, which again helps to maintain a proper fit and prevent contamination. Additionally, the circulating nurse can reach inside the gown and pull the inside seam, ensuring that the gown is properly aligned and secure. Therefore, all of the above options are correct ways in which the circulating nurse can assist the scrub person during gowning.

Compression of the peroneal nerve by a leg holder as the nerve wraps around the fibular head is the most common cause of perioperative peroneal neuropathy in a patient positioned in lithotomy position. The peroneal nerve is vulnerable to compression at this site due to its superficial location and proximity to the fibular head. Prolonged compression can lead to nerve injury and subsequent neuropathy. Hyperextension of the knee and ankle simultaneously, prolonged dorsiflexion of the foot, and excessive hip flexion are not typically associated with perioperative peroneal neuropathy.

The benefits of laser over other surgical techniques include decreased pain, decreased swelling, decreased bleeding, and the ability to target difficult-to-reach regions of the body. However, the one benefit that laser does not have over other surgical techniques is expense. Laser surgery can be more expensive compared to traditional surgical methods due to the cost of the laser equipment and specialized training required for its use.

CO2 fire extinguishers are recommended for use in an operating room (OR) because they are effective in extinguishing fires caused by electrical equipment and flammable liquids, which are commonly found in an OR setting. CO2 extinguishers work by displacing oxygen, smothering the fire and preventing it from spreading. Additionally, CO2 extinguishers do not leave any residue behind, making them suitable for use in sensitive environments like an OR where cleanliness is crucial.

Baricity refers to the density of a substance compared to the density of human cerebrospinal fluid. This means that baricity determines whether a substance is more or less dense than cerebrospinal fluid. It is often used in medical procedures such as spinal anesthesia, where the baricity of the anesthetic agent is important to ensure proper distribution and effectiveness.

M&M Ch 48, page 1092

M&M Ch 48 page 1096

The statement "The spine should be as straight as possible to facilitate needle placement" is false regarding spinal anesthesia. In reality, the spine should be flexed or curved in order to create more space between the vertebrae, making it easier to insert the needle into the desired location. A straight spine would make needle placement more difficult.

The essential equipment in the operating room should be plugged into red sockets because red sockets are typically connected to emergency power sources. This ensures that the equipment will continue to function in case of a power outage or loss of power.

When lifting up the gown to don it, the scrubbed person should hold onto the inside front of the gown just below the neckband. This ensures that the sterile exterior of the gown remains untouched and uncontaminated. Holding onto the inside front of the gown also allows for easy and proper positioning of the gown on the body, ensuring maximum protection and maintaining a sterile environment.

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Persistent postsurgical pain is a term used to describe chronic pain that persists beyond the expected healing period after surgery. This pain continues for more than 1-2 months following the surgical procedure, or beyond the normal post-operative follow-up period. It is recognized as a common and significant problem that can occur after surgery. The term "persistent postsurgical" accurately describes this type of pain.

During a surgical scrub with an antimicrobial agent, it is necessary for an individual to scrub up to two inches above the elbow. This ensures that the entire forearm, including the area where the surgical gown ends, is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Scrubbing up to this point helps to minimize the risk of introducing any harmful microorganisms into the surgical field, promoting a sterile environment for the procedure.

M&M Ch 48 page 1098

M&M ch 45 page 951

The A-line transducer bracket should be at the level of the patient's heart. This is important because it allows for accurate measurements of blood pressure and waveform. Placing the bracket at the heart level ensures that the transducer is at the same height as the heart, allowing for proper alignment and minimizing errors in pressure readings.

Microshock occurs in the electrically susceptible patient. This refers to a small amount of electric current that passes through the body during a medical procedure, such as during the insertion of a catheter or during cardiac surgery. The electrically susceptible patient is more vulnerable to the effects of this small amount of current, which can potentially cause harm or even death.

Volatile anesthetics can cause spontaneous abortions if a pregnant woman comes in contact with them accidentally, especially during the first trimester. These anesthetics are inhaled gases or vapors that are used to induce and maintain anesthesia during surgery. They can cross the placenta and potentially harm the developing fetus. It is important for pregnant women to avoid exposure to volatile anesthetics to prevent any potential risks to their pregnancy.