Bcid Training - Module 2 Quiz

Explanation
MALDI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) is a technique used for rapid identification of microorganisms in clinical samples. It is commonly used in microbiology laboratories to identify bacteria and fungi directly from positive blood cultures. Gram staining is a method used to classify bacteria into Gram-positive or Gram-negative based on the structure of their cell walls. While it is a useful preliminary test, it is not necessary for performing MALDI. Therefore, MALDI can indeed be performed after blood culture without a gram stain result.

Explanation
Traditional blood culture with ID & AST typically takes an average of 48-72 hours. This is because it takes time for the bacteria or fungi in the blood sample to grow and multiply in the culture medium. After the growth, further tests are conducted to identify the specific microorganism causing the infection and determine its antibiotic susceptibility. This process usually takes a couple of days to complete, hence the 48-72 hour timeframe.

Explanation
MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) is a technology used in Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrometry is a technique used to analyze the mass-to-charge ratio of ions in a sample. In MALDI-TOF, a laser is used to ionize and desorb molecules from a sample, which are then accelerated in an electric field and separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio. This technology is commonly used in various fields such as proteomics, drug discovery, and forensic analysis to identify and analyze molecules based on their mass and charge.

Explanation
During the MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) process, proteins are detected. MALDI-TOF is a mass spectrometry technique used to analyze and identify proteins. It involves the ionization of protein samples, followed by their separation based on their mass-to-charge ratio. The resulting mass spectrum provides information about the protein's molecular weight, which can be used to identify the protein and analyze its structure and function. Therefore, proteins are the target analytes detected during the MALDI-TOF process.

Explanation
MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) results are not manually read by analyzing peaks of the spectrum. Instead, the results are obtained through automated software analysis. This technology uses laser pulses to ionize and desorb molecules from a sample, which are then accelerated and separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio. The resulting spectrum is then processed by specialized software to identify the peaks and determine the molecular composition of the sample. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation
MALDI-TOF testing is a rapid and accurate method used to identify microorganisms in clinical samples. This statement suggests that a sample for MALDI-TOF testing can be taken directly from the blood culture bottle, similar to molecular tests. This is true because MALDI-TOF testing allows for direct identification of microorganisms from the blood culture bottle, without the need for further culturing or isolation steps. This saves time and allows for quicker diagnosis and appropriate treatment of infections.

Explanation
The average time to result to organism ID using a MALDI-TOF system is 12-24 hours. This means that on average, it takes between 12 and 24 hours to identify the organism using this system.

Explanation
The statement is false because the Bruker MALDI Biotyper is not FDA cleared for gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial colonies cultured from human specimens.

Explanation
The statement is true because lysate preparation or extraction is indeed required for some bacteria and yeast on the Bruker Biotyper. This process is necessary to obtain the proteins or genetic material from the microorganisms, which can then be analyzed using the Bruker Biotyper system. Lysate preparation involves breaking open the cells to release their contents, allowing for further identification and characterization of the microorganisms.

Explanation
For each hour that appropriate targeted antimicrobial treatment is delayed, a sepsis patient's mortality rate increases by 8%. This means that the longer the delay in administering the treatment, the higher the chances of the patient dying due to sepsis. Prompt and timely administration of antimicrobial treatment is crucial in sepsis cases to effectively combat the infection and prevent further complications.

Explanation
Blood Culture ID/AST is not commonly performed with MALDI. MALDI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) is a technique used in microbiology to identify microorganisms and determine their antibiotic susceptibility. While MALDI is commonly used for microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, blood culture ID/AST is typically performed using other methods such as automated systems or manual methods like disk diffusion or broth microdilution. Therefore, the statement is false.

Explanation
Using MALDI for AST (Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) cannot significantly improve susceptibility TAT (Turnaround Time) compared to traditional methods. This statement suggests that MALDI is not more efficient in providing results for AST than traditional methods.