Respiratory Infections! Microbiology Final Exam

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| By Kentavia W.

Kentavia W.

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Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 1,563

Questions: 16 | Attempts: 1,574 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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Respiratory infections

Questions and Answers

1.

- Does not have a peptidoglycan so it would stain pink even though it is gram pos.- Are pleomorphic: have sterols in membrane (other prokaryotes lack).- Divide by binary fission: even though they are not viruses.
2.

Which pathogen causes Scarlet Fever?

Explanation
Scarlet Fever is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, which can be infected with a specific type of virus called a phage. When the bacteria is infected with the phage, it can produce a toxin known as erythrogenic toxin, which leads to the characteristic rash and symptoms of Scarlet Fever. Therefore, the correct answer is Streptococcus pyogenes infected with a phage, Streptococcus pyogenes.

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4
3.

Where does the diphtheroid called Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause infection?
- A.
  
  Throat
- B.
  
  Pharynx
- C.
  
  Alveoli
- D.
  
  Nasal cavity
Correct Answer
A. Throat

Explanation
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a diphtheroid, causes infection in the throat. This bacterium is responsible for causing diphtheria, a potentially serious respiratory illness characterized by a thick grayish coating in the throat and swollen glands. By infecting the throat, Corynebacterium diphtheriae can easily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

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4.

Which pathogens cause Otitis Media (rhinosinusitis)?
- A.
  
  Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcus Pneumoniae
- B.
  
  Hemophilis Influenza
- C.
  
  Moraxellas Catarrhalis
- D.
  
  Staphylococcus Aureus
Correct Answer(s)
A. Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcus Pneumoniae
B. Hemophilis Influenza
C. Moraxellas Catarrhalis
D. Staphylococcus Aureus

Explanation
Otitis Media (rhinosinusitis) is caused by a combination of pathogens, including Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Hemophilis Influenza, Moraxellas Catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus Aureus. These pathogens can infect the middle ear and sinuses, leading to inflammation and infection.

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5.

A cold can be described as a ...
- A.
  
  Bacterial infection caused by rhioviruses
- B.
  
  Viral infection caused by coronaviruses
- C.
  
  Bacterial infection caused by streptococcus aureus
- D.
  
  Viral infection caused by cyanobacteria
Correct Answer
B. Viral infection caused by coronaviruses

Explanation
A cold is a viral infection caused by coronaviruses. Coronaviruses are a type of virus that can cause respiratory illnesses, including the common cold. These viruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face. Symptoms of a cold caused by coronaviruses include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, and mild body aches. Treatment for a cold caused by coronaviruses usually involves rest, staying hydrated, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms.

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6.

Treatment is antibiotics: Cephalosporins, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, or fluoroquinolones (second choice).

Correct Answer
Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial pneumoniae

Explanation
The correct answer is Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. The recommended treatment for this type of pneumonia is antibiotics, such as Cephalosporins, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, or fluoroquinolones. These antibiotics are effective in killing the bacteria and treating the infection.

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4
7.

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to Legionnaire's Disease?
- A.
  
  Is hard to grow extracellular because it requires iron salts and cysteine to replicate.
- B.
  
  Activates proteasomes to degrade proteins and release free amino acids.
- C.
  
  Diagnosed if Quellung reaction is present in the gram stain.
- D.
  
  Treated with macrolides and fluoroquinolones.
Correct Answer
C. Diagnosed if Quellung reaction is present in the gram stain.

Explanation
The Quellung reaction is not used to diagnose Legionnaire's Disease. The Quellung reaction is a laboratory test used to identify specific types of bacteria, particularly those causing pneumonia. Legionnaire's Disease is diagnosed through a combination of clinical symptoms, chest X-rays, and laboratory tests such as urine antigen testing or culture of respiratory secretions. Therefore, the statement that Legionnaire's Disease is diagnosed if the Quellung reaction is present in the gram stain is not true.

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8.

Dormant disease occurs when a microbe is first acquired.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Dormant disease does not occur when a microbe is first acquired. Dormancy refers to a period of inactivity or latency in which the microbe remains within the host without causing any symptoms or harm. It can occur after the initial acquisition of the microbe, but it can also happen at any point during the course of the infection. Therefore, the statement that dormant disease occurs when a microbe is first acquired is false.

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9.

This bacterial infection causes death due to cyanosis (blue skin). This is a result of gas exchange impairment in the lungs.

Correct Answer
Pertussis, Whooping cough, whopping cough, pertussis: whopping cough

Explanation
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a bacterial infection that can cause death due to cyanosis, which is characterized by blue skin. This occurs because the bacteria impair gas exchange in the lungs, leading to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. The coughing fits associated with pertussis can be severe and prolonged, causing the individual to struggle to breathe and leading to cyanosis. Therefore, the correct answer is pertussis, also known as whooping cough or whopping cough.

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10.

Influenza in a viral disease of the lower respiratory tract. Which family does influenza belong to?
- A.
  
  Coronaviridae
- B.
  
  Orthomyxoviridae
- C.
  
  Paramyoxoviridae
- D.
  
  Influenzidae
Correct Answer
B. Orthomyxoviridae

Explanation
Influenza belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. This is because Orthomyxoviridae is the correct family for the influenza virus. It is a viral disease that primarily affects the lower respiratory tract.

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11.

Which infection are you most likely to catch while camping and what are the symptoms?
- A.
  
  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome - muscle aches, wheezing, headaches, and chills.
- B.
  
  Tuberculosis - weight loss, night sweats, and coughing up blood.
- C.
  
  Whopping Cough - cyanosis (blue skin), powerful coughing spells, and mild cold.
- D.
  
  Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - bone necrosis, osteoporosis, and major depressive disorder.
Correct Answer
A. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome - muscle aches, wheezing, headaches, and chills.

Explanation
While camping, you are most likely to catch Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This infection is characterized by symptoms such as muscle aches, wheezing, headaches, and chills. It is important to be aware of these symptoms and seek medical attention if they occur while camping to ensure timely treatment and prevent any complications.

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12.

The leading cause of admission to a children's hospital during the winter and spring and the leading respiratory killer of children worldwide...

Correct Answer
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RSV

Explanation
The virus causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies and the immuno-compromised.

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4

Respiratory Infections! Microbiology Final Exam

- Does not have a peptidoglycan so it would stain pink even though it is gram pos.- Are pleomorphic: have sterols in membrane (other prokaryotes lack).- Divide by binary fission: even though they are not viruses.

Which pathogen causes Scarlet Fever?

Where does the diphtheroid called Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause infection?

Which pathogens cause Otitis Media (rhinosinusitis)?

A cold can be described as a ...

Treatment is antibiotics: Cephalosporins, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, or fluoroquinolones (second choice).

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to Legionnaire's Disease?

Dormant disease occurs when a microbe is first acquired.

This bacterial infection causes death due to cyanosis (blue skin). This is a result of gas exchange impairment in the lungs.

Influenza in a viral disease of the lower respiratory tract. Which family does influenza belong to?

Which infection are you most likely to catch while camping and what are the symptoms?

The leading cause of admission to a children's hospital during the winter and spring and the leading respiratory killer of children worldwide...