Respiratory Infections! Microbiology Final Exam

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a diphtheroid, causes infection in the throat. This bacterium is responsible for causing diphtheria, a potentially serious respiratory illness characterized by a thick grayish coating in the throat and swollen glands. By infecting the throat, Corynebacterium diphtheriae can easily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

A cold is a viral infection caused by coronaviruses. Coronaviruses are a type of virus that can cause respiratory illnesses, including the common cold. These viruses are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face. Symptoms of a cold caused by coronaviruses include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, and mild body aches. Treatment for a cold caused by coronaviruses usually involves rest, staying hydrated, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms.

Dormant disease does not occur when a microbe is first acquired. Dormancy refers to a period of inactivity or latency in which the microbe remains within the host without causing any symptoms or harm. It can occur after the initial acquisition of the microbe, but it can also happen at any point during the course of the infection. Therefore, the statement that dormant disease occurs when a microbe is first acquired is false.

While camping, you are most likely to catch Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This infection is characterized by symptoms such as muscle aches, wheezing, headaches, and chills. It is important to be aware of these symptoms and seek medical attention if they occur while camping to ensure timely treatment and prevent any complications.

Influenza belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. This is because Orthomyxoviridae is the correct family for the influenza virus. It is a viral disease that primarily affects the lower respiratory tract.

The Quellung reaction is not used to diagnose Legionnaire's Disease. The Quellung reaction is a laboratory test used to identify specific types of bacteria, particularly those causing pneumonia. Legionnaire's Disease is diagnosed through a combination of clinical symptoms, chest X-rays, and laboratory tests such as urine antigen testing or culture of respiratory secretions. Therefore, the statement that Legionnaire's Disease is diagnosed if the Quellung reaction is present in the gram stain is not true.

Scarlet Fever is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, which can be infected with a specific type of virus called a phage. When the bacteria is infected with the phage, it can produce a toxin known as erythrogenic toxin, which leads to the characteristic rash and symptoms of Scarlet Fever. Therefore, the correct answer is Streptococcus pyogenes infected with a phage, Streptococcus pyogenes.

The virus causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies and the immuno-compromised.

Otitis Media (rhinosinusitis) is caused by a combination of pathogens, including Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Hemophilis Influenza, Moraxellas Catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus Aureus. These pathogens can infect the middle ear and sinuses, leading to inflammation and infection.

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a bacterial infection that can cause death due to cyanosis, which is characterized by blue skin. This occurs because the bacteria impair gas exchange in the lungs, leading to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. The coughing fits associated with pertussis can be severe and prolonged, causing the individual to struggle to breathe and leading to cyanosis. Therefore, the correct answer is pertussis, also known as whooping cough or whopping cough.

The correct answer is Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. The recommended treatment for this type of pneumonia is antibiotics, such as Cephalosporins, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, or fluoroquinolones. These antibiotics are effective in killing the bacteria and treating the infection.