Microbiology Final Exam Quiz - 1

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  • 1/258 Questions

    Pandemic

    • Worldwide outbreak of disease
    • Disease outbreak
    • Disease that is easily spread
    • Vector of infection
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About This Quiz

Microbiology is the part of science that deals with microorganisms. Take this quiz and learn more about Microbial Sciences!

Microbiology Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    virluence

    • Worldwide outbreak of disease

    • Disease outbreak

    • Degree of pathogenicity

    • Inanimate object

    Correct Answer
    A. Degree of pathogenicity
    Explanation
    The term "degree of pathogenicity" refers to the measure of how likely a disease-causing agent is to cause illness in an infected individual. It indicates the severity and virulence of the pathogen in causing disease. This term is unrelated to the other options provided, which include "worldwide outbreak of disease," "disease outbreak," and "inanimate object." Therefore, the correct answer is "degree of pathogenicity."

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  • 3. 

    Involves heat, redness, swelling, and pain

    • Inflammation

    • Cell mediated response

    • Humoral response

    • Complement cascade

    Correct Answer
    A. Inflammation
    Explanation
    Inflammation is a localized response to tissue injury or infection, characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain. It is a natural defense mechanism of the body to protect and heal damaged tissues. When tissues are injured, immune cells release chemical signals that attract other immune cells to the site of injury. These immune cells release additional chemicals that increase blood flow to the area, causing redness and heat. They also cause blood vessels to become more permeable, allowing fluid and immune cells to move into the tissues, leading to swelling. The release of chemicals also stimulates nerve endings, causing pain. Overall, inflammation helps to remove harmful substances, repair damaged tissues, and initiate the healing process.

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  • 4. 

    Mucous

    • Oily goo on the skin

    • Sticky substance that traps organisms trying to enter the body

    • Kills gram positive bacteria

    • Lowers ph making it not suitable for most bacteria

    Correct Answer
    A. Sticky substance that traps organisms trying to enter the body
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "sticky substance that traps organisms trying to enter the body." Mucous is a substance secreted by the body's mucous membranes, such as those in the respiratory and digestive systems. It acts as a protective barrier by trapping foreign particles, such as dust, bacteria, and viruses, preventing them from entering the body and causing harm. Mucous also contains antibodies and enzymes that help to neutralize and eliminate these trapped organisms.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following are possible shapes of bacteria?

    • Spheres

    • Rods

    • Spirals

    • Star shapes

    • Green clovers and pink diamonds

    • All are possible

    • All except e

    Correct Answer
    A. All except e
    Explanation
    The correct answer is all except e. Bacteria can exist in various shapes such as spheres, rods, and spirals. However, star shapes, green clovers, and pink diamonds are not possible shapes for bacteria.

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  • 6. 

    A bacterium has a monotirchous flagellar arrangment if they are

    • One at end of the cell

    • Surrounded by flagella

    • At both ends of cell

    • Able to bend them in both directions at once

    Correct Answer
    A. One at end of the cell
    Explanation
    A bacterium has a monotrichous flagellar arrangement when there is only one flagellum located at the end of the cell. This means that the bacterium has a single flagellum that is positioned at one end of its body.

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  • 7. 

    The two major drawbacks to the use of penicillin are

    • Kidney damage and immune complex formation

    • Allergic reactions and development of drug resistant bacteria

    • Aplastic anemia and anaphylactic hypersensitivity

    • Loss of hearing and cytotoxic hypersensitivity

    Correct Answer
    A. Allergic reactions and development of drug resistant bacteria
    Explanation
    Penicillin, although an effective antibiotic, has two major drawbacks. Firstly, it can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, ranging from mild rashes to severe anaphylactic reactions. Secondly, the prolonged use of penicillin can lead to the development of drug-resistant bacteria. This occurs when bacteria mutate and become resistant to the effects of penicillin, making the antibiotic less effective over time. These two drawbacks highlight the importance of careful monitoring and appropriate use of penicillin to minimize these risks.

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  • 8. 

    A 45 year old construction site worker recieves a deep puncture wound from a piece of sheet metal sticking out of the ground.  The wound does not seem to be that bad and is not bleeding very much.  2 days later the wound is sore and red and patient is having muscle cramps in legs, neck, back and arms.  what should she do?

    • Emergency room for tetanus treatment

    • Emergency room for gangrene treatment

    • Doctor office for wound cleaning and maybe stitches

    • Take some tylenol and rest for 1 day

    Correct Answer
    A. Emergency room for tetanus treatment
    Explanation
    The correct answer is emergency room for tetanus treatment. This is because the deep puncture wound from the sheet metal could potentially introduce tetanus bacteria into the body. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and can lead to muscle stiffness and spasms. The symptoms of soreness, redness, and muscle cramps in the legs, neck, back, and arms are indicative of tetanus infection. Therefore, immediate medical attention is necessary to receive tetanus treatment, which usually involves a tetanus shot and wound cleaning.

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  • 9. 

    Tuberculosis

    • Respiratory

    • Urogential

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Respiratory
    Explanation
    Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and commonly affects the lungs. Symptoms of tuberculosis include coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. The bacteria can be spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making the respiratory system the main route of transmission. Therefore, the correct answer is respiratory.

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  • 10. 

    salmonellosis

    • Respiratory

    • Urogenital

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastrointestinal
    Explanation
    Salmonellosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella. It primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The bacteria can be ingested through contaminated food or water, and once in the gastrointestinal tract, it can cause inflammation and infection. Other systems of the body, such as the respiratory, urogenital, nervous, and skin systems, may also be affected to some extent, but the primary manifestation of salmonellosis is in the gastrointestinal system.

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  • 11. 

    Mumps is a viral infection that affects what part of the body?

    • My humps

    • The ears

    • The reproductive organs

    • The parotid glands

    Correct Answer
    A. The parotid glands
    Explanation
    Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid glands. The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands located on either side of the face, just below and in front of the ears. When infected with the mumps virus, these glands become swollen and painful, causing symptoms such as fever, headache, and difficulty swallowing. Mumps can also affect other parts of the body, but the parotid glands are the most commonly affected.

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  • 12. 

    The microscope with high resolution and low maginification is better than a microscope with low resolution and high magnification

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    A microscope with high resolution and low magnification is better than a microscope with low resolution and high magnification because high resolution allows for clear and detailed imaging, while low magnification provides a wider field of view. This combination allows for better overall visualization and understanding of the specimen being observed.

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  • 13. 

    Peptic ulcers

    • Respiratory

    • Urogenital

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastrointestinal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is gastrointestinal because peptic ulcers are a type of ulcer that occur in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine, which are both part of the gastrointestinal system. Peptic ulcers are typically caused by a bacterial infection or the overuse of certain medications, and they can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and indigestion. Therefore, the gastrointestinal system is directly involved in the development and manifestation of peptic ulcers.

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  • 14. 

    E Coli 0157:H7

    • Respiratory

    • Urogenital

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastrointestinal
    Explanation
    E. coli O157:H7 is a strain of bacteria that primarily causes gastrointestinal infections. It is commonly associated with foodborne illnesses and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. This strain of E. coli produces toxins that can damage the lining of the intestines, leading to the gastrointestinal symptoms. While E. coli O157:H7 can potentially cause infections in other parts of the body, such as the urinary tract or respiratory system, the most common and characteristic manifestation is gastrointestinal.

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  • 15. 

    Syphilis

    • Respiratory

    • Urogenital

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Urogenital
    Explanation
    Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It can affect various parts of the body, including the urogenital system. The urogenital symptoms of syphilis can include genital sores, pain during urination, and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. Other symptoms of syphilis can affect the respiratory, nervous, gastrointestinal, skin, and muscular systems. However, the urogenital system is commonly affected in syphilis, making it the most likely answer.

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  • 16. 

    Meninogococcal meningitis

    • Respiratory

    • Urogenital

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Nervous, fever, eyes
    Explanation
    Meningococcal meningitis is an infection that affects the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis and can lead to inflammation, fever, and symptoms affecting the nervous system. The bacteria can also cause infection in the eyes, leading to redness, irritation, and potentially vision problems. Therefore, the symptoms mentioned in the answer - nervous, fever, eyes - are associated with meningococcal meningitis.

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  • 17. 

    Streptococcal pneumonia

    • Respiratory

    • Urogential

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Respiratory
    Explanation
    Streptococcal pneumonia is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and primarily affects the respiratory system. It commonly presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. The bacteria can infect the lungs and cause inflammation and fluid accumulation, leading to pneumonia. It can also spread to other parts of the body, but the respiratory system is the most commonly affected.

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  • 18. 

    Tuberculosis is transmitted through

    • Person to person contract

    • Aerosolized droplets

    • Blood transfussions and sex

    • Animal vector

    Correct Answer
    A. Aerosolized droplets
    Explanation
    Tuberculosis is transmitted through aerosolized droplets, which means that the bacteria responsible for the disease can be spread through tiny droplets that are released into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can then be inhaled by others, leading to the transmission of tuberculosis. Other modes of transmission mentioned in the options, such as person to person contact, blood transfusions, and animal vectors, are not the primary means of spreading tuberculosis.

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  • 19. 

    Is a protein subunit of the capsid

    • The capsid

    • The genome

    • The envelope

    • The capsomere

    Correct Answer
    A. The capsomere
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the capsomere. A capsomere is a protein subunit that makes up the capsid of a virus. The capsid is the outer protein coat that surrounds the viral genome. It provides protection to the genetic material of the virus and helps in its attachment to host cells. The capsomere is responsible for the structural integrity of the capsid and plays a crucial role in the overall structure and function of the virus.

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  • 20. 

    Animal viruses have several stages in viral replication.  put these stages in order a.penetration b.envelope acquisition c.uncoating d.attachement e.replication of nucleic acid

    • Abcde

    • Dceba

    • Daceb

    • Bcade

    Correct Answer
    A. Daceb
    Explanation
    The correct order of stages in viral replication for animal viruses is as follows:

    d. Attachment - The virus attaches to the host cell's surface receptors.
    a. Penetration - The virus enters the host cell, either through direct fusion with the cell membrane or by endocytosis.
    c. Uncoating - The viral genetic material is released from its protein coat.
    e. Replication of nucleic acid - The viral genetic material is replicated within the host cell.
    b. Envelope acquisition - Some viruses acquire an envelope derived from the host cell's membrane.

    This order allows the virus to successfully enter the host cell, release its genetic material, replicate it, and potentially acquire an envelope for protection and further infection.

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  • 21. 

    Nonsocomial

    • Spread while staying at hospital

    • Disease that is easily spread

    • Disease that is spread by direct contact

    • Disease outbreak

    Correct Answer
    A. Spread while staying at hospital
    Explanation
    The term "nosocomial" refers to infections that are acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting. These infections are typically spread from person to person within the hospital environment. Therefore, the correct answer "spread while staying at hospital" accurately describes the transmission of the disease within the hospital setting.

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  • 22. 

    Pyrogens

    • Kills cells infected with virus

    • Stimulates fever

    • Oily goo on the skin

    • Kills gram positive bacateria

    Correct Answer
    A. Stimulates fever
    Explanation
    Pyrogens are substances that stimulate the body to increase its temperature, resulting in fever. When pyrogens are present in the body, they trigger the release of certain chemicals that act on the hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature. This causes the body to raise its temperature in an attempt to fight off infections or other harmful agents. Therefore, the correct answer is "stimulates fever."

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  • 23. 

    MMR protects against what three diseases?

    • Measles, malaria, and rabies

    • Monkey pox, mumps, rabies

    • Measles, mumps, rubella

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Measles, mumps, rubella
    Explanation
    The correct answer is measles, mumps, rubella. MMR is an abbreviation for the combined vaccine that protects against these three diseases. Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, rash, and respiratory symptoms. Mumps is also a viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, causing swelling and pain. Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection that causes a rash and flu-like symptoms. The MMR vaccine is typically given in childhood to provide immunity against these diseases.

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  • 24. 

    Consists of nucleic acids and protein only

    • Fungus

    • Bacteria

    • Protozoa

    • Algae

    • Virus

    Correct Answer
    A. Virus
    Explanation
    Viruses consist of nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA) and proteins. Unlike other organisms, viruses are not considered living as they cannot reproduce or carry out metabolic activities on their own. Instead, they rely on host cells to replicate and cause infections. The genetic material of viruses is enclosed within a protein coat, known as a capsid. Some viruses may also have an outer envelope made up of lipids. Therefore, the correct answer is virus.

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  • 25. 

    Why are diseases that are caused by endospore producing organisms so difficult to control?

    • Spores are highly resistant to chemicals, heat and radiation

    • Spores are responsible for antibiotic resisitance

    • Spores often are associated with toxin proteins

    • Spores allow bacteria to reproduce even faster than normal

    Correct Answer
    A. Spores are highly resistant to chemicals, heat and radiation
    Explanation
    Spores produced by endospore producing organisms are highly resistant to chemicals, heat, and radiation. This makes it difficult to control diseases caused by these organisms because the spores can survive in harsh conditions and remain viable for long periods of time. They can withstand disinfectants, antibiotics, and other treatments, making it challenging to eliminate them from the environment. Additionally, the resistance of spores allows them to persist and spread, leading to the continued reproduction and proliferation of the bacteria, further complicating disease control efforts.

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  • 26. 

    When we talk about antibiotic resistance...who is resistant?

    • Bacteria

    • Host

    • Community

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacteria
    Explanation
    Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics, rendering them ineffective in treating bacterial infections. Therefore, when discussing antibiotic resistance, it is the bacteria that are resistant to the drugs. The host (such as humans or animals) and the community (including other organisms and the environment) may be affected by antibiotic resistance, but they are not inherently resistant themselves.

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  • 27. 

    Family returning home from a safari holiday in nariobi, kenya notice that two of the children have a fever and a sore throat.  Looking in the back of the throat they notice a thick membrane that is covering the back of the throat.  This family has not vaccinated their children upon the grounds they think it is unnessassary and against their hippy beliefs.  Their children have probably gotten

    • Anthrax

    • Diptheria

    • Tetanus

    • Botulism

    Correct Answer
    A. Diptheria
    Explanation
    The correct answer is diptheria. Diptheria is a bacterial infection that can cause a thick membrane to form in the back of the throat. It can lead to symptoms such as fever and sore throat, which the children in this scenario are experiencing. Since the family has not vaccinated their children, they are at a higher risk of contracting diptheria.

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  • 28. 

    tuberculosis is transmitted through

    • Person to person contract

    • Aerosolized droplets

    • Blood transfusion and sex

    • Animal vector

    Correct Answer
    A. Aerosolized droplets
    Explanation
    Tuberculosis is transmitted through aerosolized droplets. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, tiny droplets containing the bacteria can be released into the air. These droplets can then be inhaled by another person, leading to the transmission of tuberculosis. This mode of transmission is particularly common in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces. Other modes of transmission, such as person to person contact, blood transfusion, and animal vectors, are not as common for tuberculosis.

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  • 29. 

    Gonorrhea

    • Respiratory

    • Urogenital

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Urogenital
    Explanation
    Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily affects the urogenital tract, including the urethra, cervix, and rectum. The symptoms of gonorrhea can include pain or burning during urination, increased vaginal discharge in women, and discharge from the penis in men. If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease in women and epididymitis in men. Therefore, the correct answer is urogenital.

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  • 30. 

    Pertussis

    • Respiratory

    • Urogenital

    • Nervous, fever, eyes

    • Gastrointestinal

    • Skin

    • Muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Respiratory
    Explanation
    The correct answer is respiratory because pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It primarily affects the respiratory system, causing severe coughing spells that can lead to difficulty breathing and other respiratory symptoms.

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  • 31. 

    Which techinique allows for microscopic detection of mycobacteria

    • Gram staining

    • Capsule staining

    • Acid fast staining

    • Endospore staining

    Correct Answer
    A. Acid fast staining
    Explanation
    Acid fast staining is the technique that allows for microscopic detection of mycobacteria. This staining method is specifically designed to identify bacteria that have a high lipid content in their cell walls, such as mycobacteria. Acid fast staining involves the use of a special dye called carbol fuchsin, which is resistant to decolorization by acid-alcohol. This allows the mycobacteria to retain the red color of the dye, while other bacteria are decolorized and appear blue after counterstaining with methylene blue. Therefore, acid fast staining is the most suitable technique for detecting mycobacteria in a microscopic examination.

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  • 32. 

    For many of the bacterial gastroenteritii, antidiarrheal medicines like imodium are not recommended

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Many bacterial gastroenteritis infections are caused by toxins produced by bacteria, such as E. coli or Salmonella. These toxins can cause inflammation and damage to the intestines, leading to diarrhea. Antidiarrheal medications like Imodium work by slowing down the movement of the intestines, which can prevent the toxins from being eliminated from the body. This can prolong the infection and increase the risk of complications. Therefore, it is generally not recommended to use antidiarrheal medicines for bacterial gastroenteritis.

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  • 33. 

    May be either DNA or RNA but not both

    • The capsid

    • The genome

    • The envelope

    • The capsomere

    Correct Answer
    A. The genome
    Explanation
    The genome refers to the complete set of genetic material present in an organism. In the context of viruses, the genome can be either DNA or RNA, but not both. This means that a virus can have either DNA or RNA as its genetic material, but not both at the same time. Therefore, the statement "the genome" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the genetic material of a virus.

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  • 34. 

    The diploid form of fungi is refered to as a zygospore

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The diploid form of fungi is referred to as a zygospore because during sexual reproduction, two haploid cells (gametes) fuse together to form a diploid zygote. The zygote then undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores, which eventually develop into new individuals. The zygospore is a temporary diploid stage in the fungal life cycle.

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  • 35. 

    Long term effects of strep throat can include

    • Rheumatic fever

    • Glomerulonephritis

    • Encephalitis

    • Death

    Correct Answer
    A. Rheumatic fever
    Explanation
    Strep throat is caused by the streptococcus bacteria and if left untreated, it can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain. It occurs as a result of an autoimmune response to the streptococcus bacteria. Glomerulonephritis, another potential long-term effect of strep throat, is a condition where the kidneys become inflamed. Encephalitis, inflammation of the brain, can also occur as a rare complication of strep throat. In severe cases, if the infection spreads and is not properly treated, it can even lead to death.

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  • 36. 

    A substance that has been pasterized could also be considered to be steralized

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Pasteurization and sterilization are two different processes used to kill microorganisms in substances. Pasteurization involves heating the substance to a specific temperature to kill harmful bacteria, but it may not eliminate all types of microorganisms. On the other hand, sterilization is a more intense process that aims to kill or eliminate all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Therefore, a substance that has been pasteurized cannot be considered sterilized because it may still contain some types of microorganisms.

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  • 37. 

    Acids

    • Kills cells infected with virus

    • Stimulates fever

    • Kills gram positive bacteria

    • Lowers ph making it not suitable for most bacteria

    Correct Answer
    A. Lowers ph making it not suitable for most bacteria
    Explanation
    Acids have the ability to lower the pH of their surroundings, which creates an acidic environment. This acidic environment is not suitable for most bacteria to survive and grow in. Bacteria typically thrive in a neutral or slightly alkaline pH. Therefore, the statement that acids lower the pH, making it not suitable for most bacteria, is a correct explanation.

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  • 38. 

    DTP protects against what three diseases

    • Diaper rash, tetanus, polio

    • Dengue, tetanus, pertusis

    • Diphtheria, tonsilitis, pertussis

    • Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

    Correct Answer
    A. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
    Explanation
    DTP stands for Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis, which are three diseases that the DTP vaccine protects against. Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that affects the throat and nose, while tetanus is a bacterial infection that affects the muscles and nerves. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection. The DTP vaccine is given in multiple doses to provide immunity against these three diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

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  • 39. 

    Local hunter ill with fever after skinning rabbits all weekend

    • Outbreak

    • Epidemic

    • Endemic

    • Pandemic

    Correct Answer
    A. Outbreak
    Explanation
    The term "outbreak" refers to the sudden occurrence of cases of a particular disease in a specific population or area, indicating a higher number of cases than what is normally expected. In this scenario, the local hunter falling ill with a fever after skinning rabbits all weekend suggests a sudden increase in cases of a potential disease. However, without more information, it cannot be determined whether the outbreak is limited to the hunter or if it has spread to others in the community.

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  • 40. 

    What techinque allow for microscopic detection of mycrobacteria?

    • Gram staining

    • Capsule staining

    • Acid fast staining

    • Endospore staining

    Correct Answer
    A. Acid fast staining
    Explanation
    Acid fast staining is a technique that allows for the microscopic detection of mycobacteria. This technique involves staining the bacteria with a combination of a primary stain (such as carbol fuchsin) and a counterstain (such as methylene blue). Mycobacteria have a unique cell wall composition that makes them resistant to the decolorization step in the staining process, allowing them to retain the primary stain. This results in the mycobacteria appearing as bright red or pink rods under a microscope, while other bacteria appear blue or purple. This technique is commonly used to identify and diagnose diseases caused by mycobacteria, such as tuberculosis.

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  • 41. 

    One of the reasons for sharp incrase in the number of cases of pertusis is due to

    • Its an emerging infection

    • Parents refusing to vaccinate

    • There is no vaccine

    • It is antibiotic resistant

    Correct Answer
    A. Parents refusing to vaccinate
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "parents refusing to vaccinate." One of the reasons for the sharp increase in the number of pertussis cases is due to parents choosing not to vaccinate their children. Vaccination is a crucial preventive measure against pertussis, and when parents refuse to vaccinate, it can lead to a higher risk of transmission and outbreaks of the disease. This is a concerning trend as it puts not only unvaccinated children at risk but also those who cannot receive the vaccine due to medical reasons.

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  • 42. 

    Why is tb commonly referred to as consumption?

    • When you are infected you are very hungary

    • The bacterium basically consumes your body

    • Infection consumes most of the energy in the body making you weak

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The bacterium basically consumes your body
    Explanation
    TB is commonly referred to as consumption because the bacterium responsible for causing TB essentially consumes the body. When a person is infected with TB, the bacterium multiplies and spreads throughout the body, feeding on the nutrients and resources of the host. This consumption of the body's resources leads to the weakening of the infected individual, as most of the energy in the body is consumed by the infection. Therefore, the term "consumption" is used to describe the process by which the bacterium consumes the body's resources during a TB infection.

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  • 43. 

    Helper t cells and killer t cells

    • Inflammation

    • Cell mediated response

    • Humoral response

    • Complement cascade

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell mediated response
    Explanation
    The cell-mediated response is a type of immune response that involves the activation of helper T cells and killer T cells. These cells play a crucial role in defending the body against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and certain bacteria. Helper T cells recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells and release cytokines to activate killer T cells. Killer T cells, in turn, directly attack and destroy infected cells. This response is important in eliminating infected cells and controlling the spread of pathogens.

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  • 44. 

    Which one of these staining methods is a differential staining technique?

    • Gram staining

    • Capsule staining

    • Simple staining

    • Negative staining

    Correct Answer
    A. Gram staining
    Explanation
    Gram staining is a differential staining technique because it differentiates bacteria into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This technique involves the application of crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, and safranin to the bacterial cells. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain, appearing purple, while Gram-negative bacteria do not retain the stain and appear pink after counterstaining with safranin. This staining method is widely used in microbiology to identify and classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition.

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  • 45. 

    Put these steps in the progression of TB in order a.macrophages attack bacteria b.bacteria spread through the rest of the body c.bacteria multiply within macrophage which from granuloma d.inhalation of bacteria e.macrophages form tubercules

    • Edcba

    • Dbcae

    • Daceb

    • Decab

    Correct Answer
    A. Daceb
  • 46. 

    Why is treatment of TB so difficult?

    • Long time period of treatment

    • Drugs are expensive

    • MDR-TB is not treatable

    • Drugs have serious side effects which prevent many from completing treatment

    Correct Answer
    A. Long time period of treatment
    Explanation
    The treatment of TB is difficult because it requires a long time period of treatment. TB is caused by bacteria that grow slowly, and it takes several months of consistent medication to effectively kill all the bacteria. This long duration of treatment can be challenging for patients to adhere to, as it requires a significant commitment and can be mentally and physically exhausting. Additionally, the lengthy treatment period increases the risk of non-compliance, which can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure.

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  • 47. 

    What is one of the biggest problems in preventing the spread of gonorrheal and chlamydia?

    • People hate condoms

    • It is mainly spread by young irresponible teenagers

    • Asymptomatic people dont realize they have it

    • Highly antibitoic resistant

    Correct Answer
    A. Asymptomatic people dont realize they have it
    Explanation
    Asymptomatic people not realizing they have gonorrhea and chlamydia is one of the biggest problems in preventing their spread. This is because these individuals do not show any symptoms of the infection, making it difficult for them to seek medical attention and get tested. As a result, they continue to engage in sexual activities, unknowingly transmitting the infections to others. This highlights the importance of regular testing and education about the risks of asymptomatic infections in order to effectively prevent the spread of gonorrhea and chlamydia.

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  • 48. 

    When we talk about antibiotic resistance, who is resistant?

    • Bacteria

    • Host

    • Community

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacteria
    Explanation
    Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics, rendering them ineffective in treating bacterial infections. Therefore, the correct answer is bacteria, as they are the ones that can develop resistance to antibiotics. The host (such as humans or animals) and the community (population of bacteria in a specific environment) are not resistant themselves, but they can be affected by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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  • 49. 

    Sebum

    • Lowers ph making it not suitable for most bacteria

    • Oily goo on the skin

    • Kills cells infected with virus

    • Stimulates fever

    Correct Answer
    A. Oily goo on the skin
    Explanation
    Sebum is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It acts as a natural moisturizer and lubricant, keeping the skin hydrated and protected. The presence of sebum creates a slightly acidic environment on the skin, which lowers its pH. This acidic pH makes it unfavorable for the growth of most bacteria, as they thrive in a more alkaline environment. Therefore, the statement "oily goo on the skin" is an accurate description of sebum.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • May 06, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Rocio1
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