Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 20

The correct answer is Base of skull. A ring fracture refers to a type of fracture that occurs in the base of the skull. This type of fracture typically involves a break in the bones that form a ring-like structure at the bottom of the skull. It can be caused by severe head trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a height. Ring fractures are considered serious injuries and can be associated with other complications, such as brain damage or bleeding. Prompt medical attention is necessary to diagnose and treat this type of fracture.

Surfactants are responsible for keeping alveoli dry. These substances reduce the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing and sticking together. By lowering the surface tension, surfactants allow for easier expansion and contraction of the alveoli during breathing, promoting efficient gas exchange. This helps to maintain the structural integrity of the alveoli and prevents the accumulation of fluid, keeping them dry. Glycoproteins, buffers, and the Bohr effect are not directly involved in keeping alveoli dry.

The lens capsule is thinnest at the posterior pole. The lens capsule is a transparent structure that surrounds the lens of the eye. It is thickest at the equator, where it provides support and stability to the lens. However, at the posterior pole, the lens capsule becomes thinner, allowing for the transmission of light and the focusing of images on the retina. This thinning of the lens capsule at the posterior pole helps to optimize visual acuity and clarity.

Rhinosporidiosis is caused by a fungal infection. It is a chronic disease that primarily affects the mucous membranes of the nose and the eyes. The causative agent is a fungus called Rhinosporidium seeberi. This fungus is commonly found in stagnant water and soil. It enters the body through the mucous membranes and causes the formation of polyp-like growths. These growths can lead to symptoms such as nasal congestion, nosebleeds, and ocular discomfort. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the growths, followed by antifungal medication to prevent recurrence.

Minoxidil is not an adrenergic neuron blocking drug. It is actually a potent vasodilator that works by relaxing and widening blood vessels. It is commonly used to treat high blood pressure and promote hair growth. Adrenergic neuron blocking drugs, on the other hand, inhibit the release or uptake of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals, thereby reducing sympathetic activity. Examples of adrenergic neuron blocking drugs include reserpine, guanethidine, and bretylium.

Cabot's ring is a pathological finding in the red blood cells that appears as a twisted or figure-eight shape. It is typically seen in megaloblastic anemia, a condition characterized by impaired DNA synthesis and maturation of red blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia is commonly caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid. In contrast, iron deficiency anemia is characterized by small, pale red blood cells without Cabot's ring. Therefore, the correct answer is megaloblastic anemia.

Short gastric arteries are branches of the splenic artery. The splenic artery is responsible for supplying blood to the spleen, and it gives off several branches, including the short gastric arteries. These arteries travel from the splenic artery to the stomach, providing blood supply to the fundus and upper part of the greater curvature of the stomach. Therefore, the correct answer is the splenic artery.

Gaucher's disease is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of beta glucosidase enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down a fatty substance called glucocerebroside. In Gaucher's disease, the deficiency of beta glucosidase leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in certain cells, particularly in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. This buildup of glucocerebroside results in the characteristic symptoms of Gaucher's disease, including enlarged organs, anemia, easy bruising, and bone pain. Treatment for Gaucher's disease often involves enzyme replacement therapy to supplement the deficient beta glucosidase enzyme.

The correct answer is 10-14 days. This refers to the time it takes for the bacteria that causes leprosy to multiply and cause visible symptoms after infection. Leprosy has a relatively long incubation period compared to other infectious diseases. The range of 10-14 days suggests that symptoms can appear within two weeks of exposure to the bacteria. It is important to note that this is just the generation time, and the overall progression and severity of the disease can vary greatly among individuals.

The boxcar appearance refers to the characteristic shape of the bacteria Clostridium perfringens when viewed under a microscope. The bacteria appear as rectangular or box-like structures, hence the term "boxcar appearance". This unique appearance helps in the identification and differentiation of Clostridium perfringens from other bacteria such as Streptococcal infn, Toxoplasma, and Treponema.