Mt Simulation Examination 2

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  • 1/100 Questions

    Mycobacteria  be cultured from a variety of clinical specimens, the most common being ______ specimens.

    • Urinary
    • Respiratory
    • Stool
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About This Quiz

This is a Simulated Examination for Gulf Medtech/Labtech Examinations taken from Last Month's HAAD Feedbacks.
This examination contains 100 of the most UPDATED EXAMS from Abu Dhabi, KSA, and UAE.
Take this examination for 120 minutes. You need to get 86% to pass the HAAD. 60% to pass MOH, DHA, or Prometrics.
Please text 0919-286-29-29 in the See morePhilippines or visit our website www. Rtonline. Weebly. Com THIS IS YOUR ASSESSMENT FOR ANY GULF RT EXAMINATIONS INCLUDING HAAD MT, SAUDI PROMETRICS, DUBAI DHA, AND UAE MOH. THE QUESTIONS HERE ARE TAKEN FROM THIS ACTUAL EXAMINATIONS, SO PASSING THIS ASSESSMENT EXAM WILL GIVE YOU A HIGH PROBABILITY OF PASSING THE SAID EXAMINATIONS

Mt Simulation Examination 2 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    UV light does what to bacteria?

    • No effect

    • Kills them

    • Nurtures them

    Correct Answer
    A. Kills them
    Explanation
    UV light kills bacteria so the biological safety cabinet, after cleaning with disinfectant, should have the light left on overnight

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  • 3. 

    What has the symptom of strawberry tongue?

    • Postpartum fever

    • Rheumatic fever

    • Scarlet fever

    • Streptococcal toxic syndrome

    • Necrotizing fasciitis

    Correct Answer
    A. Scarlet fever
    Explanation
    Scarlet fever has the symptom of strawberry tongue. This is characterized by a bright red, swollen tongue with a bumpy texture that resembles a strawberry. Scarlet fever is caused by the streptococcus bacteria and is accompanied by symptoms such as a red rash, high fever, sore throat, and swollen glands. The presence of strawberry tongue is a distinct characteristic of scarlet fever and helps differentiate it from other conditions with similar symptoms.

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  • 4. 

    Mycobacteria are what?

    • Thin, hook or slight bent cocci

    • Thick, straight

    • Thin, straight or slightly curved rods

    Correct Answer
    A. Thin, straight or slightly curved rods
    Explanation
    Mycobacteria are classified as thin, straight or slightly curved rods. This means that they have a long and slender shape, with some flexibility in their curvature. This characteristic shape helps in their identification and differentiation from other types of bacteria.

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  • 5. 

    A biological safety cabinet is not essential for a mycobacteria lab.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The use of a biological safety cabinet is essential; proper use of this cabinet will protect the technologist from aerosols created during specimen and culture handling

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  • 6. 

    Healthcare personnel who are carriers of resistant bacteria such as MRSA can unknowingly transmit the bacteria to others.Thus carriers of MRSA should be identified by culturing nasal swabs

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because healthcare personnel who are carriers of resistant bacteria like MRSA can unknowingly spread the bacteria to others. Culturing nasal swabs is a common method to identify carriers of MRSA, as the bacteria often colonize in the nasal passages. By identifying carriers, appropriate measures can be taken to prevent the transmission of MRSA within healthcare settings and protect vulnerable patients.

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  • 7. 

    What bacteria causes typhoid fever?

    • S. typhi

    • S. typhimurium

    • E. cloacae

    • Y. entercolitica

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. S. typhi
    Explanation
    S. typhi is the bacteria that causes typhoid fever.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is a Serratia?

    • S. dysenteriae

    • S. marcescens

    • S. typhi

    • S.boydii

    • S. aureus

    Correct Answer
    A. S. marcescens
    Explanation
    Serratia marcescens is a correct answer because it is a species of bacteria that belongs to the genus Serratia. It is commonly found in soil, water, and various other environments. S. marcescens is known for its production of a red pigment, giving it a distinctive appearance. It can also cause infections in humans, particularly in hospital settings.

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  • 9. 

    Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pnuemoniae are two examples of bacteria that causes pneumonia (an inflammatory condition of the lung) that can be isolated from the sputum of affected individuals

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are indeed two examples of bacteria that can cause pneumonia. These bacteria can be isolated from the sputum of individuals who are affected by this inflammatory lung condition.

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  • 10. 

    The Mycobacteria lab should be separated from the rest of the microbacteriology lab

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The Mycobacteria lab should be separated from the rest of the microbacteriology lab because Mycobacteria are a unique group of bacteria that require special handling and precautions. They are known to cause diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy, which can be highly contagious. By separating the Mycobacteria lab from the rest of the microbacteriology lab, the risk of cross-contamination and spreading of these potentially dangerous bacteria can be minimized. This separation ensures a safer working environment for laboratory personnel and prevents the accidental release of Mycobacteria into the surrounding area.

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  • 11. 

    Gastric aspirates are collected in the morning after an overnight fast. How many specimens are collected within 3 days?

    • 3

    • 1

    • 2

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    Gastric aspirates are collected in the morning after an overnight fast. This means that one specimen is collected each day. Since we are considering a time frame of 3 days, the number of specimens collected within 3 days would be 3.

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  • 12. 

    Larger volumes of specimens does what to the recovery of mycobacteria?

    • Improves the recovery

    • Decreases the recovery

    Correct Answer
    A. Improves the recovery
    Explanation
    Increasing the volume of specimens improves the recovery of mycobacteria. This means that when larger volumes of specimens are used, there is a higher likelihood of successfully isolating and detecting mycobacteria. This could be due to the fact that larger volumes provide more opportunities for the bacteria to be present, increasing the chances of their recovery.

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  • 13. 

    What causes rice eating related food poisoning?

    • B. anthracis

    • B. pertussis

    • B. polymyxa

    • B. cereus

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. B. cereus
    Explanation
    B. cereus causes rice eating related food poisoning. This bacterium is commonly found in soil and can contaminate rice during cultivation, harvesting, or storage. When rice is cooked and left at room temperature for an extended period, B. cereus can multiply and produce toxins that cause food poisoning when consumed. Symptoms of B. cereus food poisoning include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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  • 14. 

    What forms swarming colonies?

    • P. mirabilis

    • C. freundii

    • C. diversus

    • C. diptheria

    • K. pneumoniae

    Correct Answer
    A. P. mirabilis
    Explanation
    P. mirabilis forms swarming colonies.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following causes peptic ulcer disease?

    • H. influenzae

    • N. meningitidis

    • H. pylori

    • T. pallidum

    • V. cholerae

    Correct Answer
    A. H. pylori
    Explanation
    H. pylori is the correct answer because it is a bacterium that is known to cause peptic ulcer disease. It is able to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach and can lead to inflammation and damage to the lining of the stomach or small intestine, resulting in the formation of ulcers.

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  • 16. 

    What will infection patients with compromised immune systems?

    • Alpha-haemolytic

    • Beta-haemolytic

    • Saprophyte

    • Opportunistic infection

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Opportunistic infection
    Explanation
    Patients with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections are caused by pathogens that take advantage of a weakened immune system to cause disease. These infections typically do not affect individuals with healthy immune systems but can be severe and even life-threatening for those with compromised immune systems. Therefore, the correct answer is "opportunistic infection."

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  • 17. 

    What causes lyme disease?

    • B. pertussis

    • B. recurrentis

    • B. burgdorferi

    • B. cereus

    • L. interrogans

    Correct Answer
    A. B. burgdorferi
    Explanation
    Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium B. burgdorferi. This bacterium is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. These ticks are commonly found in wooded and grassy areas. When an infected tick bites a person, the bacterium enters the bloodstream and can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes. If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to more serious complications, affecting the joints, heart, and nervous system. Therefore, B. burgdorferi is the correct answer for the cause of Lyme disease.

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  • 18. 

    A postivie coagulase test indicates the presences of what?

    • Clostridium

    • Bacillus

    • Streptococcus

    • Staphylococcus

    • Listeria

    Correct Answer
    A. Staphylococcus
    Explanation
    A positive coagulase test indicates the presence of Staphylococcus. Coagulase is an enzyme produced by Staphylococcus bacteria that causes blood plasma to clot. This test is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus, which is coagulase-positive, from other species of Staphylococcus, which are coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that can cause a variety of infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, and bloodstream infections. Therefore, a positive coagulase test is indicative of the presence of Staphylococcus bacteria.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is a Edwardsiella?

    • E. coli

    • E. cloacae

    • E. aerogenes

    • E. tarda

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. E. tarda
    Explanation
    E. tarda is a species of bacteria known as Edwardsiella tarda. It is a member of the Edwardsiella genus and is commonly found in aquatic environments. Unlike the other options listed, E. tarda is the only species that belongs to the Edwardsiella genus, making it the correct answer.

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  • 20. 

    M.leprae will not grow on artificial media

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    M.leprae is the bacterium that causes leprosy. It is an obligate intracellular bacterium, which means it can only survive and replicate inside host cells. It cannot grow on artificial media or laboratory culture conditions. This is one of the reasons why it has been difficult to study and develop effective treatments for leprosy. Therefore, the given statement is true.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is not a Shigella?

    • S. boydii

    • S. flexneri

    • S. sonnei

    • S. marcescens

    • S. dysenteriae

    Correct Answer
    A. S. marcescens
    Explanation
    S. marcescens is not a Shigella because it belongs to a different bacterial genus called Enterobacter. Shigella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that causes shigellosis, a type of bacterial dysentery. The other options listed (S. boydii, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, and S. dysenteriae) are all Shigella species that can cause shigellosis in humans.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is a Salmonella?

    • S. typhimurium

    • S. flexneri

    • S. marcescens

    • S. boydii

    • S. pyogenes

    Correct Answer
    A. S. typhimurium
    Explanation
    S. typhimurium is a type of Salmonella bacteria. Salmonella is a genus of bacteria that can cause food poisoning and other infections in humans and animals. S. typhimurium is one of the most common serotypes of Salmonella and is often associated with foodborne illnesses. It can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. Proper food handling and hygiene practices are important in preventing Salmonella infections.

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  • 23. 

    What means that a bacteria that induces the fermation of a pus-like discharge containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes?

    • Pyogenic

    • Opportunistic

    • Epidemic

    • Necrotic

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyogenic
    Explanation
    A bacteria that induces the fermentation of a pus-like discharge containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes is referred to as pyogenic. Pyogenic bacteria are capable of causing the formation of pus, which is a thick fluid containing dead cells and bacteria. The presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the discharge indicates an inflammatory response to the infection caused by the bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is pyogenic.

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  • 24. 

    How many specimens of sputum is typically needed to make a diagnosis?

    • 3

    • 5

    • 2

    • 1

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    Typically, three specimens of sputum are needed to make a diagnosis. This is because multiple samples increase the chances of detecting any potential pathogens or abnormalities. By analyzing multiple specimens, healthcare professionals can ensure a more accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment.

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  • 25. 

    No AF smear is performed with Urine specimens.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    No AF smear is performed due to fewer organisms present and the potential for contamination

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  • 26. 
    This is a complete UA and microbiology kit that can be purchased from BD. which of the three is the patient sample urine collection with screw cap equipped with transfer device  to transfer urine - ProProfs

    This is a complete UA and microbiology kit that can be purchased from BD. which of the three is the patient sample urine collection with screw cap equipped with transfer device  to transfer urine

    • Mt Simulation Examination 2 - Quiz

    • Answer option2

      Mt Simulation Examination 2 - Quiz

    • Answer option3

      Mt Simulation Examination 2 - Quiz
    Correct Answer
    A. Answer option3
    Explanation
    The correct answer is option 3 because it mentions a patient sample urine collection with a screw cap equipped with a transfer device to transfer urine. This indicates that option 3 is the correct answer as it specifically mentions the required features for urine collection and transfer.

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  • 27. 
    Each blood culture bottle contains a sensor that responds to changes in CO2, which is released as microorganisms grow. when the bacTalert detector detects a change in the sensor, the instrument alarm goes off and stays on until the bottle has been removed. after this bottle is removed, what is next - ProProfs

    Each blood culture bottle contains a sensor that responds to changes in CO2, which is released as microorganisms grow. when the bacTalert detector detects a change in the sensor, the instrument alarm goes off and stays on until the bottle has been removed. after this bottle is removed, what is next

    • Inoculation unto agar plates and gram stain for identification

    • Inoculation into water and koh prep

    • Taste the blood for bacteria readiness

    • Immediately discard

    Correct Answer
    A. Inoculation unto agar plates and gram stain for identification
    Explanation
    After the blood culture bottle has been removed, the next step is to inoculate the sample onto agar plates and perform a gram stain for identification. This process allows for the growth of microorganisms on the agar plates, which can then be observed and identified based on their characteristics. The gram stain is used to differentiate between different types of bacteria based on their cell wall composition. This combination of inoculation onto agar plates and gram staining is a common method used in microbiology laboratories to identify and classify microorganisms.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following produces a redpigment?

    • E. tarda

    • M. luteus

    • S. marcescens

    • S. enteritidis

    • S. boydii

    Correct Answer
    A. S. marcescens
    Explanation
    S. marcescens produces a red pigment.

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  • 29. 

    What makes a patient more likely to contract gonorrhea?

    • A patient on penicillin

    • A patient overdosing on ethanol

    • A patient on a contraceptive pill

    • A patient in the hospital

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. A patient on a contraceptive pill
    Explanation
    A patient on a contraceptive pill is more likely to contract gonorrhea because certain types of contraceptives, such as hormonal birth control pills, can alter the pH balance in the vagina and make it more susceptible to infections like gonorrhea. This is because the hormones in the contraceptive pill can affect the natural protective mechanisms of the body, making it easier for bacteria to thrive and cause infection.

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  • 30. 

    Mycobacteria tend to do what compared to other pathogenic bacteria?

    • Grow faster

    • Grow slowly

    Correct Answer
    A. Grow slowly
    Explanation
    Mycobacteria tend to grow slowly compared to other pathogenic bacteria. This is because they have unique cell wall structures that make them resistant to many antibiotics and immune responses. Their slow growth rate allows them to persist and establish chronic infections in the host, making them difficult to treat and eradicate.

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  • 31. 

    Most rapidly growing species of mycobacteria grow at temperatures ______ degrees celsius

    • 10-30

    • 20-40

    • 40-60

    Correct Answer
    A. 20-40
    Explanation
    Most rapidly growing species of mycobacteria grow at temperatures between 20 and 40 degrees Celsius. This temperature range provides optimal conditions for their growth and metabolism. At lower temperatures, their growth rate is slower, while at higher temperatures, they may not be able to survive or grow efficiently. Therefore, the range of 20-40 degrees Celsius is the most suitable for the rapid growth of these mycobacteria species.

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  • 32. 

    H-Ag is a?

    • Cellular antigen

    • Capsule antigen

    • Flagella antigen

    • A and B

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Flagella antigen
    Explanation
    The correct answer is flagella antigen because flagella are whip-like structures found on the surface of certain bacteria and are responsible for bacterial motility. Flagella antigens are specific proteins located on the surface of the flagella, which can trigger an immune response in the body. Therefore, H-Ag refers to the flagella antigen.

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  • 33. 

    What is swelling of the lymph nodes?

    • Bubo

    • R-plasmids

    • Gummas

    • Chacre

    • Globi

    Correct Answer
    A. Bubo
    Explanation
    Swelling of the lymph nodes, also known as bubo, refers to the enlargement of the lymph nodes due to an infection or inflammation. It is a common symptom of various infections, such as bacterial or viral infections. When the body's immune system detects an infection, the lymph nodes produce more immune cells to help fight off the infection, leading to swelling. Bubo can occur in different parts of the body, such as the neck, armpits, or groin, and is often tender and painful to touch.

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  • 34. 

    Swabs can be used for sputum specimens.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Swabs are not used for sputum specimens. Sputum specimens are usually collected by asking the patient to cough deeply and produce phlegm from their lungs. Swabs, on the other hand, are typically used to collect samples from surfaces or body cavities, such as the throat or nose. Therefore, the statement that swabs can be used for sputum specimens is false.

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  • 35. 

    Cell wall has a high what?

    • Protein content

    • Lipid content

    • Glucose content

    Correct Answer
    A. Lipid content
    Explanation
    The cell wall has a high lipid content. Lipids are a major component of the cell wall, providing structural support and acting as a barrier to protect the cell from external factors. Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that form a lipid bilayer, which gives the cell wall its strength and flexibility. This lipid content helps maintain the integrity of the cell wall and contributes to its function in maintaining cell shape and protecting the cell from mechanical stress and environmental changes.

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  • 36. 

    Most rapidly growing species of mycobacteria will grow in less than how many days?

    • 14

    • 3

    • 7

    Correct Answer
    A. 7
    Explanation
    Most rapidly growing species of mycobacteria will grow in less than 7 days.

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  • 37. 

    No AF smear is preformed with Stool specimens.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    AF smears are not done due to the low numbers of organisms present

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  • 38. 

    What causes relapsing fever?

    • B. pertussis

    • B. recurrentis

    • B. burgdorferi

    • B. cereus

    • B. polymyxa

    Correct Answer
    A. B. recurrentis
    Explanation
    Relapsing fever is caused by the bacterium Borrelia recurrentis. This bacterium is transmitted to humans through the bites of lice or ticks. The infection causes recurring episodes of fever, headache, muscle aches, and other flu-like symptoms. B. recurrentis is the specific bacterium responsible for this particular type of fever, making it the correct answer.

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  • 39. 

    What is the waxy exterior coating unigue to myocbacteria?

    • Globi

    • Lepromatous

    • Tuberculoid

    • Mycolic acid

    • Borderline leprosy

    Correct Answer
    A. Mycolic acid
    Explanation
    Mycolic acid is a waxy exterior coating that is unique to mycobacteria. It is a major component of the cell wall of these bacteria and plays a crucial role in their survival and pathogenesis. The presence of mycolic acid contributes to the acid-fast staining property of mycobacteria, which is used for their identification. This waxy coating helps to protect the bacteria from the host's immune system and allows them to resist the effects of antibiotics. Therefore, mycolic acid is a characteristic feature of mycobacteria, distinguishing them from other bacteria.

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  • 40. 

    What type of organism that grows on and derives nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter?

    • Facultative anaerobes

    • Strict aerobes

    • Opportunistic pathogen

    • Saprophyte

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Saprophyte
    Explanation
    A saprophyte is an organism that grows on and obtains nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter. It plays a crucial role in the decomposition process by breaking down complex organic compounds into simpler forms. Unlike facultative anaerobes, strict aerobes, and opportunistic pathogens, saprophytes do not require specific environmental conditions or cause harm to living organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is saprophyte.

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  • 41. 

    What causes the bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic plagues?

    • S. dysenteriae

    • E. tarda

    • S. marcescens

    • Y. enterocolitica

    • Y. pestis

    Correct Answer
    A. Y. pestis
    Explanation
    Y. pestis is the correct answer because it is the bacterium that causes the bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plagues. These plagues are highly infectious and have caused devastating pandemics throughout history, such as the Black Death. Y. pestis is primarily transmitted through fleas that infest rats, which can then spread the disease to humans through bites. The bubonic plague is characterized by swollen lymph nodes, while the pneumonic plague affects the lungs, and the septicemic plague affects the bloodstream. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the spread of these deadly diseases.

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  • 42. 

    Mycobacteria are motile and can produce spores

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    They are nonmotile and do not produce spores.

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  • 43. 

    Mycobacteria resist decolorization with acid alcohol

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Mycobacteria resist decolorization with acid alcohol. This statement is true because mycobacteria have a unique cell wall composition that includes high amounts of mycolic acids. These mycolic acids make the cell wall impermeable to many chemicals, including acid alcohol used in the decolorization step of acid-fast staining. As a result, mycobacteria retain the primary stain (carbol fuchsin) and appear red under a microscope, while other bacteria are decolorized and appear blue after counterstaining with methylene blue. This characteristic is a key feature used in the identification of mycobacteria.

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  • 44. 
    Can cary blair    or      be used to preserve stool specimen for C & S - ProProfs

    Can cary blair    or      be used to preserve stool specimen for C & S

    • Yes

    • No

    Correct Answer
    A. Yes
    Explanation
    Cary Blair can be used to preserve stool specimens for culture and sensitivity testing.

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  • 45. 

    What is an infection caused by a deadly strain of group a Streptococcus that attacks the deep layers of tissues?

    • Postpartum fever

    • Rheumatic fever

    • Scarlet fever

    • Sreptococcal toxic syndrome

    • Necrotizing fasciitis

    Correct Answer
    A. Necrotizing fasciitis
    Explanation
    Necrotizing fasciitis is an infection caused by a deadly strain of group A Streptococcus that attacks the deep layers of tissues. This infection is characterized by rapid destruction of skin, muscle, and underlying tissue, leading to tissue death. It is a severe and life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention, including surgical removal of infected tissue and administration of antibiotics.

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  • 46. 

    What can ferment glucose into lactose?

    • Bacillus

    • Lactobacillus

    • Micrococcus

    • A and B

    • B and C

    Correct Answer
    A. Lactobacillus
    Explanation
    Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria that is capable of fermenting glucose into lactose. This process is known as lactose fermentation. Bacillus and Micrococcus are not capable of fermenting glucose into lactose. Therefore, the correct answer is Lactobacillus.

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  • 47. 

    Are mycobacteria strictly aerobic or anaerobic?

    • Aerobic

    • Anaerobic

    Correct Answer
    A. Aerobic
    Explanation
    Mycobacteria are strictly aerobic, meaning they require oxygen to survive and grow. They cannot survive in the absence of oxygen. This is an important characteristic of mycobacteria and helps in their identification and differentiation from other bacteria that may be anaerobic or facultative anaerobic.

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  • 48. 

    When using a winged infusion set (butterfly needles) to draw blood culture bottle set, which tube gets drawn first

    • Aerobic

    • Anaerobic

    • Parasite

    Correct Answer
    A. Aerobic
    Explanation
    When using a winged infusion set (butterfly needles) to draw blood culture bottle set, the aerobic tube is drawn first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow, and by drawing blood into the aerobic tube first, it ensures that any aerobic bacteria present in the blood sample have access to oxygen. This helps to promote the growth of aerobic bacteria in the culture, making it easier to identify and diagnose any potential infections caused by aerobic bacteria.

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  • 49. 

    Delay in specimen processing can lead to what?

    • False negatives

    • False positives

    Correct Answer
    A. False negatives
    Explanation
    Delays in processing may lead to false negative culture due to increased bacterial contamination

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  • Mar 21, 2023
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