Ms3 Final Review Part 3

The clitoris is involved in sexual arousal. It is a highly sensitive organ located at the top of the vulva, above the urethra. It contains a large number of nerve endings, making it highly sensitive to touch and stimulation. When sexually aroused, the clitoris becomes engorged with blood, leading to increased sensitivity and pleasure.

To ensure a thorough baseline history, the nurse needs to gather information about the patient's drug, allergy, substance abuse, and smoking history. This information is important as it helps the nurse assess the patient's overall health, identify any potential risks or contraindications for certain treatments or medications, and understand the patient's lifestyle choices that may impact their health. By knowing about the patient's drug, allergy, substance abuse, and smoking history, the nurse can provide appropriate care and interventions tailored to the patient's needs and circumstances.

The best response by the nurse is to suggest testing for gonorrhea because it can be asymptomatic in women. This is important because even though the patient does not have any symptoms, she may still be infected and could potentially transmit the infection to others if left untreated. Testing is the only way to confirm the presence of the infection and initiate appropriate treatment if necessary.

Elevating the arm above the level of the heart would discourage the development of edema in the arm after a mastectomy. This position helps to promote venous return and prevent fluid accumulation in the affected arm. By elevating the arm, gravity assists in draining excess fluid and reducing swelling. This intervention can help improve circulation and prevent edema from occurring.

The nurse would recommend visually inspecting the breast while standing in front of a mirror and then palpating each breast using the fingertips of the hands to feel for lumps. This method allows for a thorough examination of the breasts, both visually and through touch, to detect any abnormalities or lumps. It is important to visually inspect the breasts to look for changes in size, shape, or skin texture, and then use the fingertips to feel for any lumps or abnormalities that may not be visible.

To avoid artifacts on the x-ray film during a mammogram, the nurse should teach the client to avoid using a deodorant with aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum can cause artifacts on the film, which can interfere with the accuracy of the mammogram results. It is important for the client to follow this instruction to ensure clear and accurate imaging during the procedure.

The symptom that suggests that the patient had developed a rectovaginal fistula is the passage of stool and flatus from the vagina. A rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina, which can result in the passage of stool and gas from the vagina. This can cause significant discomfort and embarrassment for the patient. Leakage of urine from the vagina is not associated with a rectovaginal fistula. Extreme pain following a bowel movement may be seen in other conditions such as anal fissures or hemorrhoids. The presence of white creamy discharge and extreme pruritus may indicate a vaginal infection, but it is not specific to a rectovaginal fistula.

The nurse suggests that the patient drink warm beverages and use heat to relieve symptoms of dysmenorrhea. This is because warm beverages can help to relax the uterine muscles and reduce cramping. Heat therapy, such as using a heating pad or taking a warm bath, can also help to alleviate pain and discomfort by increasing blood flow and relaxing the muscles.

The nurse should advise the client about caring for the wound to prevent infection and promote healing. Using a mild analgesic can help manage any pain or discomfort after the biopsy. Wearing a supportive brassiere can provide comfort and support to the breasts during the healing process. The timing of a follow-up appointment is important to monitor the client's progress and ensure proper healing.

The correct answer is Prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The American Cancer Society recommends PSA as a screening test for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland, and elevated levels of PSA in the blood may indicate the presence of prostate cancer. This blood test is commonly used to screen for prostate cancer in men, along with other diagnostic tests such as a digital rectal examination (DRE). Carcinogenic embryonic antigen (CEA) is not specific to prostate cancer and is not recommended as a screening test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a general laboratory technique and is not specific to prostate cancer screening.

The correct answer indicates that further teaching may be necessary because having visitors, especially children, near a patient with an internal radiation implant can pose a risk of radiation exposure. It is important for the patient to understand the potential dangers and precautions associated with the treatment.

The nurse should teach the client to inform the physician in case of leakage or bleeding from the biopsy site because this could indicate a complication or infection. It is important for the client to monitor the site for any abnormal signs and to report them to the physician for appropriate management. This information is crucial for the client's safety and well-being after the aspiration biopsy procedure.

The nurse should advise the client to wear gloves and protective clothing to avoid any injuries. This is because after a mastectomy, the client may be at risk for lymphedema, which is swelling in the arm due to a buildup of fluid. By wearing gloves and protective clothing, the client can minimize the risk of injury and infection while doing household work or working in the backyard. This advice promotes the client's safety and well-being.

After extensive surgical treatment for prostatic cancer, a nurse should assess for signs of infection, urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction. Infection can occur as a result of the surgery and may present with symptoms such as fever, pain, and redness. Urinary incontinence can occur due to damage or disruption of the urinary system during surgery. Sexual dysfunction may also occur as a result of the surgery, affecting the client's ability to engage in sexual activity. Assessing for these signs is important to monitor the client's recovery and provide appropriate interventions if needed.

Having the patient void before positioning on the exam table would increase the comfort of the patient during the gynecological exam. Voiding before the procedure can help reduce discomfort and pressure on the bladder, making the patient more comfortable during the examination.

Endometriosis is the correct answer because the symptoms described (metrorrhagia and dyspareunia) are commonly associated with endometriosis. Additionally, the presence of endometrial-like cells growing outside of the uterus (in the pelvic cavity) is a characteristic feature of endometriosis. Endometritis refers to inflammation of the endometrium, endopthalmitis is inflammation of the eye, and endomoebisis is not a recognized medical condition.

The correct instruction to the client before examination is to refrain from douching for 48 hours before the exam. Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and increase the risk of infection. By refraining from douching, the client can ensure that the examination results are accurate and not influenced by any potential changes in the vaginal flora caused by douching.

Bowel preparation is necessary for the client before a hysterosalpingogram. This is because a clear visualization of the uterus and fallopian tubes is required during the procedure, and any stool in the colon can obstruct the view. Bowel preparation usually involves a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure and the use of laxatives or enemas to empty the colon.

Men retain the ability to fertilize ova irrespective of age. This means that men can still impregnate a woman and father a child regardless of their age. Age does not affect a man's fertility or his ability to produce healthy sperm that can fertilize an egg. This is an important fact for the nurse to educate the client about the reproductive system of males and the aging process.

The nurse will assist the patient in achieving the lithotomy position. This position is commonly used during gynecologic exams as it allows for easy access to the genital area. In the lithotomy position, the patient lies on their back with their legs flexed and thighs abducted and externally rotated. This position provides optimal visibility and access for the healthcare provider during the exam.

After undergoing a hysterectomy, it is common for patients to have a catheter inserted. This is because the surgery involves the removal of the uterus, which can cause temporary bladder dysfunction. The catheter helps in draining urine from the bladder until normal bladder function is restored. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to caution the patient about the presence of a catheter after the surgery.

Early postoperative nursing care for a patient who had a posterior colporrhaphy includes administering a stool softener. This is because after surgery, patients may experience constipation or difficulty in passing stools due to the use of anesthesia, pain medications, and immobility. A stool softener helps to prevent or relieve constipation by increasing the water content in the stool, making it easier to pass. This intervention promotes patient comfort and prevents complications such as straining or the development of hemorrhoids.

The nurse should ask the client if they have had any abnormal vaginal bleeding because this symptom is commonly associated with ovarian cancer. Vaginal bleeding can occur due to the presence of a tumor in the ovaries, which can cause changes in the menstrual cycle or lead to irregular bleeding. Therefore, this question would help the nurse gather information that is specifically related to the suspected disorder.

Arm edema on the operative side indicates a complication related to the surgery. Edema, or swelling, can occur as a result of lymphatic obstruction or damage during the mastectomy procedure. This can lead to impaired lymphatic drainage and fluid accumulation in the arm. It is important to monitor and address this complication to prevent further complications such as infection or lymphedema.

The LVN suggests placing a radiation sign on the door of the client's room in the plan of care because it is important to inform and remind staff and visitors about the presence of radiation in the room. This will help ensure that necessary precautions are taken to minimize exposure and maintain the safety of everyone involved.

The nurse can help Janice make decisions regarding medical and surgical treatment options for her endometriosis before she reaches natural menopause. This could involve discussing different treatment options, explaining the potential benefits and risks of each option, and helping Janice make an informed decision about her treatment plan.

Androgen therapy is a treatment that involves the administration of male hormones, such as testosterone, to individuals who have low levels of these hormones. One of the adverse effects of androgen therapy is increased appetite and weight gain. This can occur due to the hormonal changes caused by the therapy, which can affect metabolism and lead to an increase in hunger and food intake. Weight gain can also be a result of fluid retention or changes in body composition.

Early prenatal care is important for pregnant individuals with STIs because it can help prevent transmission of the infection to the baby. Regular prenatal care includes testing and treatment for STIs, which can reduce the risk of transmission during pregnancy and childbirth.

Hormonal changes in older women can weaken the muscles and tissues that support the bladder and urethra, leading to stress incontinence. This can cause urine leakage when there is pressure on the bladder, such as when the patient gets out of bed.

The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with a prolapsed uterus would be alteration in urinary elimination. This is because a prolapsed uterus can cause pressure on the bladder, leading to urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and difficulty emptying the bladder. Addressing this issue is important to prevent complications such as urinary tract infections and urinary retention. While alterations in body image, sexual patterns, and bowel elimination may also be concerns for the patient, they are not the priority in this case.

Bright red clots in the urine after a cystoscopy indicate active bleeding, which is a concerning finding. This could be a sign of a complication such as hemorrhage or injury to the urinary tract. The LVN should notify the RN immediately so that further assessment and appropriate interventions can be initiated to address the bleeding and prevent further complications.

During the menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum, which is formed from the remains of the ovarian follicle after ovulation, produces progesterone. Progesterone helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining. However, if the ovum is not fertilized, the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum begins to decrease. This decrease in progesterone levels causes the uterine lining to shed, resulting in menstruation.

After discontinuing the danazol or Danocrine drug therapy for fibrocystic breast disease, the nurse should inform the client to notify the healthcare provider if regular menses does not resume within 90 days. This is because danazol can disrupt the menstrual cycle and cause amenorrhea. It is important for the healthcare provider to be aware of any changes in the client's menstrual cycle to assess the effectiveness of the drug therapy and determine if any further interventions are needed.

Following the insertion of a cervical radiation implant, it is important for the client to maintain bed rest only. This is because movement and activity can dislodge or shift the implant, leading to potential complications. By remaining in bed, the client can minimize the risk of displacement and ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.

The nurse should remove the fresh peach from the tray before bringing the meal to the client. Neutropenic precautions are necessary for clients with low white blood cell (WBC) counts, as they are at a higher risk of infection. Fresh fruits, like peaches, may carry bacteria or fungi that can cause infection in individuals with compromised immune systems. Therefore, it is important to remove the fresh peach to minimize the risk of infection for the client.

Scheduling a cervical biopsy 1 week after the menstrual cycle is the correct precaution to be taken. This is because during the menstrual cycle, the cervix may be more sensitive and the presence of blood may interfere with the accuracy of the biopsy results. Waiting for 1 week after the menstrual cycle allows the cervix to return to its normal state, providing a better opportunity for an accurate biopsy.

Skin lesions on the external genitalia can be an abnormality that the nurse should observe during a physical exam. Skin lesions can indicate various conditions such as infections, sexually transmitted diseases, or skin disorders. It is important for the nurse to identify and document any abnormalities or changes in the skin to provide appropriate care and referral if needed.

The statement "I examine myself every 2 months" indicates that the client needs further teaching about testicular self-examination (TSE). Testicular self-examination should be performed monthly to ensure early detection of any abnormalities. Performing the examination less frequently increases the risk of missing any potential issues.

If a male patient is diagnosed with Chlamydia, the physician would suspect the patient to complain about urethritis. Urethritis refers to the inflammation of the urethra, which is a common symptom of Chlamydia infection in males. It can cause symptoms such as pain or a burning sensation during urination, as well as discharge from the penis. Therefore, the presence of urethritis would lead the physician to suspect that the patient is experiencing these symptoms.

The correct advice is to stop the vitamin supplement. This is because there is no scientific evidence to support the use of vitamin B6 for relieving symptoms of severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Therefore, continuing to take the supplement is unlikely to provide any relief from the pain.

The client's statement indicates a need for further instruction because after a mastectomy, it is important to avoid strenuous activities and exercises that could strain the surgical site. Starting full range-of-motion exercises immediately after getting home could potentially disrupt the healing process and increase the risk of complications.

The nurse should respond by documenting the client's statement and completing a body map indicating the size, color, shape, location, and type of injury. This is important for accurate documentation and future reference. The nurse should also report suspicions of abuse to the local authorities to ensure the client's safety and well-being. Additionally, providing the client with telephone numbers of local shelters and safe houses can offer support and resources for leaving the abusive situation.

The statement "If I see clots in my urine, I should call the physician immediately" indicates an understanding of instructions because it shows that the client recognizes the potential complication of clot formation after a TURP and knows to seek medical attention promptly. This is important as clots in the urine can indicate bleeding and may require immediate intervention.

Maintaining an ideal weight is the most appropriate advice for preventing breast cancer. Research has shown that obesity increases the risk of developing breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. By maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise, individuals can reduce their risk of breast cancer.

A lumpectomy is a surgical procedure that removes only the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue, while preserving the majority of the breast tissue. This procedure is typically performed in the early stages of breast cancer when the tumor is small and localized. It is considered a breast-conserving surgery and allows the patient to retain their breast shape and size to a large extent. Mastectomy, on the other hand, involves the complete removal of the breast tissue and is usually performed in more advanced stages of breast cancer. Needle biopsy is a diagnostic procedure to obtain a tissue sample for further testing, and oophorectomy is the removal of the ovaries, which is not directly related to preserving breast tissue.

Laser therapy is a safe treatment option for Condyloma acuminatum (human papilloma virus) in prenatal clients. It involves using a laser to remove or destroy the infected tissue. This treatment is considered safe because it is non-invasive and does not involve the use of medications that may be harmful to the fetus. Laser therapy can effectively remove the warts caused by the virus and help prevent transmission to the baby during childbirth. Therefore, the nurse should reinforce information about laser therapy as a safe treatment option for the client.

Stool softeners are necessary for a client with prostatitis because being constipated can increase the risk of developing complications of prostatitis. Constipation can lead to increased pressure on the prostate gland, worsening inflammation and symptoms. By keeping the bowel free of feces, stool softeners can help prevent constipation and reduce the risk of complications.

Leutinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the production of testosterone and the maturation of sperm. Abnormal levels of LH can indicate problems with sperm production and fertility. Testicular biopsy involves the removal of a small sample of testicular tissue to examine it under a microscope. This can help identify any abnormalities or issues with sperm production. Therefore, both LH and testicular biopsy can be performed to determine infertility in men.

Assisting the patient off the table to the wheelchair is the most appropriate nursing action immediately following a cystoscopy. This is because the procedure involves inserting a scope into the bladder through the urethra, which can cause discomfort and potential dizziness or weakness in the patient. Assisting the patient off the table to the wheelchair ensures their safety and helps prevent any falls or injuries.

The client receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer develops myelosuppression, which is a decrease in the production of blood cells. To prevent infection and bleeding, the nurse should include the following instructions in the discharge teaching plan:
- Avoid people who recently have recently received attenuated vaccines, as they may shed the virus and pose a risk of infection to the client.
- Avoid activities that may cause bleeding, such as contact sports or using sharp objects.
- Wash hands frequently to prevent the spread of infection.
- Avoid crowded places such as shopping malls, where the risk of exposure to infections is higher.