Nervous System And Speech Motor System Interact

1.

The final common pathway is referred to as a
- A.
  
  Upper motor system
- B.
  
  Lower motor system
Correct Answer
B. Lower motor system

Explanation
The final common pathway refers to the neural pathway that connects the motor cortex in the brain to the muscles in the body. It is responsible for transmitting motor signals from the brain to the muscles, allowing for voluntary movement. The lower motor system specifically refers to the motor neurons located in the spinal cord and brainstem, which directly innervate the muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is lower motor system.

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2.

The four major divisions of the motor system are
- A.
  
  Extrapyramid, corticospinal, corticorubial, tectcospinal
- B.
  
  Final common pathway, direct activation pathway, indirect activation pathway, control circuits
- C.
  
  Red nucleus, striated muscle, motor cortex, spinal column
Correct Answer
B. Final common pathway, direct activation pathway, indirect activation pathway, control circuits

Explanation
The correct answer is final common pathway, direct activation pathway, indirect activation pathway, control circuits. These divisions of the motor system are responsible for different aspects of motor control. The final common pathway refers to the pathway that directly controls the muscles and produces movement. The direct activation pathway is responsible for voluntary, conscious movements, while the indirect activation pathway is involved in involuntary, reflexive movements. Control circuits are responsible for coordinating and modulating motor activity.

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3.

What does the cerebellum do?
- A.
  
  Integrates and coordinates smooth directed movements
- B.
  
  Mediates subconsious controlled motor movements
- C.
  
  Mediates consious controlled motor movements
- D.
  
  Plans and programs postural and supportive components of motor activity
Correct Answer
A. Integrates and coordinates smooth directed movements

Explanation
The cerebellum is responsible for integrating and coordinating smooth directed movements. It helps in maintaining balance and posture, and ensures that movements are executed accurately and smoothly. It receives information from various parts of the body and the brain, and uses this information to fine-tune motor commands, resulting in precise and coordinated movements.

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4.

The lower motor neuron system is made up of
- A.
  
  Corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
- B.
  
  Cranial and spinal nerves
- C.
  
  Pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems
Correct Answer
B. Cranial and spinal nerves

Explanation
The lower motor neuron system is made up of cranial and spinal nerves. These nerves are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, allowing for voluntary movement. The cranial nerves originate in the brain and control the muscles of the head and neck, while the spinal nerves originate in the spinal cord and control the muscles of the rest of the body. This system is essential for motor function and coordination.

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5.

The indirect activation pathway
- A.
  
  Mediates contolled voluntary movements
- B.
  
  Mediates subconsious automatic muscle activities (posture, muscle tone, etc)
Correct Answer
B. Mediates subconsious automatic muscle activities (posture, muscle tone, etc)

Explanation
The indirect activation pathway is responsible for mediating subconscious automatic muscle activities such as maintaining posture and muscle tone. This pathway operates without conscious control and helps to regulate the body's movements and maintain stability. It is distinct from the direct activation pathway, which is involved in controlled voluntary movements.

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6.

The indirect activation pathway is a
- A.
  
  Lower motor neuron system
- B.
  
  Upper motor neuron system
Correct Answer
B. Upper motor neuron system

Explanation
The given correct answer is "upper motor neuron system." The upper motor neuron system refers to the pathway responsible for conveying signals from the brain to the lower motor neurons, which in turn control muscle movement. This system consists of neurons located in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. It plays a crucial role in initiating and coordinating voluntary movements.

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7.

The extrapyramidal tracts is made up of
- A.
  
  Corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
- B.
  
  Corticorubral,corticoreticular, rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and vestibulospinal tracts
Correct Answer
B. Corticorubral,corticoreticular, rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and vestibulospinal tracts

Explanation
The extrapyramidal tracts are a collection of neural pathways that are involved in motor control and coordination. These tracts are responsible for regulating involuntary movements, posture, and muscle tone. The corticorubral tract connects the cerebral cortex to the red nucleus in the midbrain, while the corticoreticular tract connects the cortex to the reticular formation in the brainstem. The rubrospinal tract originates in the red nucleus and controls voluntary movements. The reticulospinal tract originates in the reticular formation and modulates muscle tone and reflexes. The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei and helps maintain balance and posture.

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8.

The control circuitry system is all about the
- A.
  
  Pyramidal system - corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
- B.
  
  The extrapyramidal system - basal ganglia
Correct Answer
B. The extrapyramidal system - basal ganglia

Explanation
The control circuitry system consists of two main components: the pyramidal system and the extrapyramidal system. The pyramidal system includes the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts, which are responsible for voluntary movements and motor control. On the other hand, the extrapyramidal system involves the basal ganglia, which plays a crucial role in regulating movement, posture, and muscle tone. Therefore, the correct answer is the extrapyramidal system - basal ganglia.

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9.

Broca's area
- A.
  
  Believed to be important for the storage and retrieval of mental representations of words and word meanings
- B.
  
  Important for planning and organizing speech movements to be executed by the primary motor cortex
Correct Answer
B. Important for planning and organizing speech movements to be executed by the primary motor cortex

Explanation
Broca's area is responsible for planning and organizing speech movements that are to be executed by the primary motor cortex. This area is crucial for the production of speech and plays a vital role in coordinating the movements of the muscles involved in speech production. It is not directly involved in the storage and retrieval of mental representations of words and word meanings, but rather in the physical execution of speech movements.

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10.

What is also known as the auditory association cortex?
- A.
  
  Broca's area
- B.
  
  Wernicke's area
Correct Answer
B. Wernicke's area

Explanation
Wernicke's area is also known as the auditory association cortex. This area of the brain is responsible for language comprehension and is involved in the processing and understanding of spoken and written language. It plays a crucial role in the ability to understand and produce meaningful speech. Broca's area, on the other hand, is involved in the production of speech and is not directly associated with auditory processing or language comprehension.

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11.

Broca's area (motor speech area) is located in
- A.
  
  Occipital lobe
- B.
  
  Posterior inferior frontal lobe
- C.
  
  Superior left temporal lobe
Correct Answer
B. Posterior inferior frontal lobe

Explanation
Broca's area, also known as the motor speech area, is responsible for the production of speech. It is located in the posterior inferior frontal lobe of the brain. This area plays a crucial role in coordinating the muscles involved in speech production, such as the tongue, lips, and vocal cords. Damage to Broca's area can result in a condition known as Broca's aphasia, where individuals have difficulty speaking fluently but can still understand language. Therefore, the correct answer is the posterior inferior frontal lobe.

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12.

Wernicke's area is important for
- A.
  
  Planning and organizing speech
- B.
  
  Knowledge and use of grammatic and linguistic rules
Correct Answer
B. Knowledge and use of grammatic and linguistic rules

Explanation
Wernicke's area is a region in the brain that is responsible for language comprehension and production. It is specifically involved in the understanding and use of grammatical and linguistic rules. This area plays a crucial role in processing and interpreting language, allowing individuals to comprehend and produce coherent speech.

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Nervous System And Speech Motor System Interact

The final common pathway is referred to as a

The four major divisions of the motor system are

What does the cerebellum do?

The lower motor neuron system is made up of

The indirect activation pathway

The indirect activation pathway is a

The extrapyramidal tracts is made up of

The control circuitry system is all about the

Broca's area

What is also known as the auditory association cortex?

Broca's area (motor speech area) is located in

Wernicke's area is important for