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Monitoring velocity is an effective way to continuously adjust plans in a project. Velocity refers to the rate at which work is being completed by the team. By tracking velocity, project managers can assess the team's productivity and progress. If the velocity is lower than expected, it may indicate that adjustments need to be made to the project plans, such as allocating more resources or reevaluating timelines. On the other hand, if the velocity is higher, it may suggest that the team is performing well and additional tasks can be assigned. Monitoring velocity allows for proactive decision-making and helps ensure that the project stays on track.

Refining software requirements primarily helps to detect potential misunderstandings in your product before it is built. By spending time on this process, it allows for a thorough analysis and clarification of the requirements, ensuring that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of what needs to be developed. This helps to prevent any misinterpretations or assumptions that could lead to costly mistakes or rework during the development phase. It also allows for early identification of any gaps or conflicts in the requirements, allowing them to be addressed and resolved before the software development begins.

The correct answer is "responding to change, individuals and interactions, and working software." This is because the Manifesto for Agile Software Development emphasizes the importance of being able to adapt and respond to changes in requirements and priorities. It also values the collaboration and communication between team members and stakeholders, as well as the production of working software as a measure of progress.

Frequent client communication is important because it allows for feedback and requirements to be gathered, ensuring that the software product can be adjusted and modified according to the client's needs. Neat, commented source code is beneficial as it makes it easier for developers to understand and modify the code, facilitating future changes. Continuously reviewing and improving the project ensures that any necessary changes can be identified and implemented. An updated, prioritized list of features helps in managing changes effectively by allowing the team to focus on the most important and impactful modifications. Finally, a development team that is open to change is crucial as it ensures that they are willing to adapt and make necessary adjustments to the software product as needed.

Establishing the database is an activity and not a task because it involves creating and setting up the database system, which is a larger and more complex process compared to the other options. It requires planning, designing, and implementing the structure of the database, as well as configuring it to meet the specific requirements. In contrast, the other options involve specific actions or steps that can be considered as individual tasks within a larger project or activity.

The correct answer is that each phase happens sequentially and never loops or repeats. This means that each phase in the process model is completed one after the other in a linear fashion, without any repetition or looping back to previous phases. This approach ensures that each phase is completed before moving on to the next, allowing for a clear and organized progression of the project.

In Scrum, it is important to have a clear process for managing feature requests. By sending an email back asking for all feature requests to come through Penny, you are following the practice of having a designated person or channel for receiving and prioritizing such requests. This helps ensure that all requests are properly evaluated and considered before being added to the backlog or worked on in a specific iteration. It also promotes transparency and accountability in the decision-making process.

Both of these changes can be made in the current iteration. The question is asking which changes are possible to be made. The color change and adding popup ads are both changes that can be implemented in the current iteration. Therefore, the correct answer is both of them.

The traditional Agile methodologies mentioned in the question are Scrum, Extreme Programming, and Dynamic Systems Development Method. These methodologies are known for their iterative and incremental approach to software development, emphasizing collaboration, flexibility, and delivering high-quality products. Unified Process, on the other hand, is not considered a traditional Agile methodology but rather a more structured and formalized approach to software development.

The given answer includes two non-functional requirements of airplanes flying from YVR to PVG. The first requirement is that the airplane must be able to travel between YVR and PVG on a single tank of fuel. This implies that the airplane should have sufficient fuel efficiency to cover the entire distance without refueling. The second requirement is that a full load of passengers should be able to be evacuated in no more than 90 seconds. This emphasizes the importance of passenger safety and efficient emergency evacuation procedures.

The correct answer is "They have agreed upon certain practices to follow" and "They've decided to self-assign as they complete tasks." This suggests that a self-organizing team is one that has established a set of practices or guidelines that they all agree to follow. Additionally, they have the autonomy to assign tasks to themselves based on their own judgment and completion of tasks. This implies that the team operates without the need for a product manager or a designated leader, as they are able to organize and manage themselves.

The trigger for the use case of sending a message to a group chat is when the participant has a message they want to send to the group. This means that the participant has a specific message in mind and intends to share it with the entire group. The other actions mentioned in the question (typing out the message, opening the group chat, and tapping the send button) are steps that follow the initial trigger of having a message to send.

Developers and software product managers are responsible for creating time estimates. Developers have the technical knowledge and expertise to understand the complexity of the tasks involved in a project and can provide accurate estimates based on their experience. Software product managers, on the other hand, have a holistic understanding of the project requirements and can collaborate with developers to create realistic time estimates. The client and the CEO may have input in the process, but they are not directly responsible for creating time estimates.

The specification phase is the phase in which an epic would first be created. This phase is where the requirements and goals for the project are defined and documented. It involves gathering information, analyzing the needs of the project, and creating a detailed specification document that outlines what needs to be done. Creating an epic, which is a large user story that captures a high-level requirement, is typically one of the first steps in this phase.

The user story "As an eyeglass wearer, I want to purchase new eyeglasses, so that I can get them in the mail quickly" would be considered an epic for this product because it represents a larger, high-level goal that encompasses multiple smaller user stories. It involves the entire process of purchasing new eyeglasses and emphasizes the need for quick delivery, indicating that it may require significant development effort and involve multiple features or functionalities.

The word "processed" belongs in the category of vague words because it lacks specificity and can have multiple interpretations. It does not clearly indicate how something is being processed, leaving room for ambiguity.

Pronouns may lead to ambiguous statements because it could be unclear which noun the pronoun is representing. This means that when a pronoun is used, it may not be clear to the reader or listener which specific person or thing the pronoun is referring to. This lack of clarity can result in confusion and misunderstanding in communication.

The given correct answer is the most appropriate way to write the user story because it clearly specifies the user's intention to delete the task they just created. This ensures that the user is able to remove the specific task they want to remove from the list, rather than deleting any random task or the last task created.

Following a process for software development has potential benefits such as defining responsibilities, monitoring projects, and managing risks. By clearly defining responsibilities, team members know their roles and tasks, leading to better coordination and efficiency. Monitoring projects allows for tracking progress, identifying any issues or delays, and making necessary adjustments. Managing risks involves identifying potential risks, analyzing their impact, and implementing strategies to mitigate them, which helps in avoiding or minimizing negative consequences. These benefits contribute to effective project management and successful software development.

Kevin has to complete the activity of performing estimates. This involves analyzing and predicting the time, effort, and resources required for a project or task. By performing estimates, Kevin can determine the scope and feasibility of a project, allocate resources effectively, and make informed decisions regarding timelines and budgets. It is an essential step in project planning and management.

The participating actors in this scenario would include the message sender and the message recipient. These actors are directly involved in the communication process and play a crucial role in the use case. Sally and Jack are not specifically mentioned as participating actors in the given options.

When you run your tests, you are verifying the high level design phase. This phase involves creating an overall architecture and design for the system or software being developed. Running tests during this phase helps ensure that the design is functioning as intended and meets the specified requirements. Unit testing, on the other hand, focuses on testing individual components or units of code, while operational testing evaluates the system's performance in real-world scenarios. Coding is the phase where the actual implementation of the design takes place.

During the elaboration phase, use case diagrams and class diagrams are created. Use case diagrams depict the interactions between the system and its users, while class diagrams represent the structure and relationships of the system's classes. These diagrams are essential for understanding the system's requirements, functionalities, and design. However, the other two options, identifying a strong business case for the project and creating use cases, are also important aspects of the elaboration phase, but they are not the main aspects mentioned in the question.

The correct answer is "Input: Donated money and bicycles; Output: Working bicycles." This answer aligns with the concept of using both donated money and bicycles to produce working bicycles. By combining the financial resources with the physical resources, it is possible to repair and refurbish the donated bicycles, ultimately resulting in the output of working bicycles for customers.

Rus is implementing the aspect of monitoring called "Visibility." Visibility in monitoring refers to the ability to observe and track the performance, status, and behavior of a system or process. It involves having clear and comprehensive insights into the various metrics, logs, and data points to understand the overall health and functioning of the monitored entity. By implementing visibility, Rus aims to have a clear picture of what is happening in the system and identify any issues or anomalies that may arise.

According to a survey conducted in 2013 by Scott Ambler + Associates, 58% of respondents defined project success by the criterion of "project on schedule". This means that the majority of respondents believed that a project is considered successful if it is completed within the planned timeframe. This criterion suggests that meeting the deadlines and ensuring timely completion is a crucial factor in determining the success of a project.

Paula is in alignment with the values of the Agile Manifesto because she demonstrates a new prototype on a regular basis, allowing for continuous feedback and improvement. Additionally, she ensures that the development team has face-to-face time with the client, promoting effective communication and collaboration. Lastly, Paula allows the product to evolve as new needs are identified, emphasizing the importance of adaptability and customer satisfaction.

This task would occur in the specification phase of the software life cycle process. During this phase, the requirements and specifications for the software are defined. It involves gathering and documenting the needs and expectations of the stakeholders, as well as identifying the scope and constraints of the project. This phase sets the foundation for the subsequent phases of design, implementation, and testing.

This answer suggests that the improvement being referred to applies to all five aspects of Extreme Programming: Communication, Simplicity, Feedback, Respect, and Courage.

The primary task of the Product Owner is to make decisions about the product. This includes determining the features and functionalities that will be included in the product, prioritizing the product backlog, and ensuring that the development team understands the product requirements. The Product Owner acts as the bridge between the stakeholders and the development team, ensuring that the product meets the needs and expectations of the customers. They are responsible for maximizing the value of the product and making decisions that align with the overall product vision and goals.

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The Waterfall model is a linear sequential approach to software development where each phase is completed before moving on to the next. In this model, requirements gathering and analysis are done in the initial phase, followed by design in the subsequent phase. These two phases are completely separate and distinct from each other, as the requirements are finalized before the design phase begins. This approach does not allow for iterative or concurrent development, making requirements and design distinct phases in the Waterfall model.

The requirements associated with this storyboard would include the ability for the driver to enter their departure and destination locations, and for the application to calculate routes based on this information. Additionally, the application should highlight hazardous routes in red and suggest safer routes to the driver.

The Agile principles that are most related to requirements are welcoming changing requirements, encouraging face-to-face interaction, focusing on simplicity, and delivering working software frequently. Welcoming changing requirements acknowledges that requirements may change over time and emphasizes the importance of being flexible and adaptable. Encouraging face-to-face interaction promotes effective communication and collaboration between the development team and stakeholders, which helps in understanding and gathering requirements. Focusing on simplicity emphasizes the need to keep requirements clear, concise, and easy to understand. Delivering working software frequently ensures that requirements are continuously tested and validated, allowing for quick feedback and adjustments if needed.

Agile methodology emphasizes the importance of requirements in the development process. It recognizes that requirements play a crucial role in guiding the development team and ensuring that the final product meets the needs of the stakeholders. However, Agile also acknowledges that requirements can evolve and change as the project progresses. This flexibility allows for continuous improvement and adaptation to changing circumstances, ultimately leading to a better end product. Therefore, the correct answer states that requirements are important and should be able to change throughout development.

A story map simplifies prioritization by allowing you to visually organize and prioritize user stories or tasks. It helps you understand the overall flow and development of the project by providing a clear view of the project's progress and the relationship between different tasks or user stories. However, it does not provide a detailed development plan or save time in the initial planning stages.

The given user story suggests that multiple interpretations may be true. It implies that the text document can appear somewhere else other than the desktop folder, indicating that it may be stored in a different location. It also suggests that another document appears in the desktop folder along with the text document, indicating that there may be multiple files present in the folder. Additionally, it implies that the text document was stored in the desktop folder in addition to whatever task or activity the user was performing. Therefore, all of the interpretations mentioned in the options could be true.

Incremental prototyping is distinguished from other types of prototyping by its use of a triage system, which allows for prioritization and selection of the most important features to be developed. Unlike throwaway or exploratory prototyping, incremental prototypes are not discarded after they are created. Additionally, incremental prototypes may contain working software for the end product, which sets them apart from illustrative prototypes that may not involve any code.

Ross is actively omitting the aspect of building integrity in from his project. Building integrity in is one of the key principles of Lean Software Development, which emphasizes the importance of creating a system that is reliable, robust, and maintains its integrity. By omitting this aspect, Ross may be neglecting the need for ensuring the quality and reliability of the software he is developing. This can lead to potential issues and problems in the long run, affecting the overall success of the project.

The requirement for the product to be able to communicate with a customer database and an ad server is considered an external interface requirement because it involves the product's interaction with external systems or entities. This requirement implies that the product needs to have the capability to send and receive data to and from these external systems, indicating a need for integration and interoperability with external interfaces.

The correct answer is "From the room overview screen, select 'mark room as clean'". This option describes the specific action that needs to be taken to mark a room as clean, which aligns with the user story. The other options are either too general or do not provide a clear action to be performed.

Clear expressions of software requirements are important to help avoid confusion between the client and developers. When the requirements are clearly expressed, there is less room for misinterpretation or misunderstanding. This helps ensure that both the client and developers are on the same page and have a clear understanding of what needs to be done. It also reduces the likelihood of errors or delays in the development process. By avoiding confusion, the project can proceed smoothly and efficiently.

According to just-in-time manufacturing, the best strategy for developing the product is to prioritize the basic features of the mobile app first, followed by the basic features of the database. This allows for the development of the core functionality of the product before moving on to more advanced features. By focusing on the mobile app first, the product can be quickly launched and tested in the market, while the development of the database can be done simultaneously. Once the basic features are in place, the development can progress to advanced features for both the mobile app and the database.

Developers can achieve better software by reviewing the requirements to ensure clarity and consistency. This helps to prevent misunderstandings and ensures that the development team has a clear understanding of what needs to be done. Additionally, developers can run tests to check whether the product conforms to the specified requirements. This helps to identify any deviations or issues early on, allowing for timely corrections and ensuring that the final product meets the desired standards.

Timing is the most important factor for having a successful project because it refers to the ability to launch the project at the right moment, taking into consideration market trends, competition, and customer demand. A project launched at the wrong time may face difficulties in gaining traction or may miss out on valuable opportunities. On the other hand, launching a project at the right time can lead to a competitive advantage, increased customer interest, and higher chances of success. Therefore, timing plays a crucial role in determining the fate of a project.

A 'guest' role typically refers to a user who is not logged in or does not have an account. Therefore, they would be able to perform tasks such as creating an account, searching recipes, and browsing recipes. However, they would not be able to add optional information to their profile or post recipes, as these actions usually require a user to be logged in and have an account.

The input work product for this activity would be a backlog of requirements. This is because a backlog of requirements is a list of all the features, functionalities, and tasks that need to be completed for a project. It serves as a prioritized list of work items that the team will work on during the project. It helps in organizing and planning the project activities and ensures that all the necessary requirements are captured and addressed.

The practices of having an iteration duration in hours and using a system metaphor on a whiteboard are considered extreme. Having an iteration duration in hours suggests that the team is working in very short time frames, which can be intense and demanding. Using a system metaphor on a whiteboard indicates that the team is employing a highly visual and immersive approach to understanding and designing their system. Both of these practices go beyond traditional or more common approaches, making them extreme in comparison.

The acceptance tests in this case would be the ones that confirm whether the expected behavior is achieved. In the given options, the tests that confirm when a user buys a ticket, a valid ticket appears and when a user selects a show time, movies playing at that time appear, are the acceptance tests. These tests validate that the system is functioning correctly and meeting the requirements by ensuring that the expected outputs are produced when specific actions are performed by the user.

The question asks who is to blame for the error, and the correct answer includes all the options listed: Danielle, Timmy, Maria, Steven, and the other two developers on the team. This suggests that the error is a result of the collective actions or inactions of all the individuals mentioned.

To have Extreme Programming running precisely in this office, there are several areas of development that need to be changed. Firstly, the workspace needs to be modified to accommodate the collaborative nature of pair programming. Secondly, client availability is crucial as their active involvement and timely feedback are essential for the success of Extreme Programming. Lastly, developer versatility is necessary to ensure that team members can adapt to different roles and tasks, promoting flexibility and efficiency in the development process.

The principles of Lean focus on eliminating waste and optimizing processes. Delivering as late as possible goes against the principle of efficiency and timely delivery. Deciding as early as possible is also not a principle of Lean as it may lead to premature decision-making without considering all relevant information. Lean encourages deciding as late as possible to allow for more accurate and informed decision-making.

By asking her team to focus on one aspect of the project at a time, Audrey is implementing the principle of eliminating waste in Lean. This principle aims to identify and eliminate any activities or processes that do not add value to the final product or service. By focusing on one aspect at a time, Audrey is ensuring that the team's efforts are not wasted on unnecessary tasks or distractions, leading to a more efficient and streamlined project execution.

The correct answers are "As a hotel manager, I want to be able to check guests in" and "Account holders will enter their banking PIN into a numeric keypad." These statements describe specific functionalities or features that the software should have. The first statement represents a requirement for a hotel management system to include a check-in feature, while the second statement represents a requirement for a banking system to have a numeric keypad for entering PINs.

The question is asking about the type of requirement being created, and the correct answer is "Business rule". A business rule is a specific statement that defines or constrains some aspect of the business. It provides guidance on how the business operates and helps in making decisions. On the other hand, a business requirement is a broader statement that describes what the business needs or wants to achieve. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is "Business rule".

The practices of minimal code that satisfies the desired functionality and essential documentation over elaborate documentation follow the concept of simplicity from the Agile Manifesto. Minimal code focuses on writing only the necessary code to achieve the desired functionality, avoiding unnecessary complexity. Similarly, essential documentation emphasizes on providing concise and relevant documentation rather than excessive and detailed documentation, which aligns with the principle of simplicity in Agile development.

The ways to defend against scope creep include having the client prioritize requirements, making expectations clear, drawing the scope with the client, and asking "is this in scope?". These strategies help to establish clear boundaries and prevent the project from expanding beyond its original scope. By involving the client in the decision-making process and regularly checking if new requests align with the project's scope, the team can effectively manage and control scope creep.

The primary users of the system are the receptionists and the customers. The receptionists use the system to book appointments for customers, whether it is done over the phone or in person. The customers have the option to either have the receptionist book their appointments or create an online account and book appointments themselves. Therefore, both the receptionists and the customers are the primary users of the system.

Adding voice command and large text features to the product would better accommodate its end-users. Voice command allows users to interact with the product using their voice, making it more accessible for individuals with mobility or dexterity limitations. Large text feature enables users with visual impairments to easily read the content displayed on the product. These features enhance the usability and accessibility of the product, ensuring that a wider range of users can comfortably and effectively use it.

The potential risks to the project include product implementation errors that may not be detected until software coding is completed and tested, which can lead to delays and additional costs. Another risk is that the product may not meet the expectations or needs of the end users, resulting in dissatisfaction and potential loss of customers. Additionally, if the people involved in the project are not collaborative and there is a drop in morale, it can negatively impact the project's progress and overall success.

The product backlog is a prioritized list of user stories, features, and bugs that need to be developed or fixed in a product. User requirements and bugs are both important items that can be included in a product backlog. User requirements help to define the functionality and features that the product should have, while bugs represent issues or defects that need to be addressed. Non work-related duties, on the other hand, are unrelated to the development of the product and should not be included in the backlog. Product vision, although important for guiding the overall direction of the product, is not a specific item that can be included in the backlog.

The Scrum backlog consists of various components that help prioritize and manage the work. Bugs are included in the backlog to track and prioritize the resolution of software defects. Knowledge tasks are added to the backlog to capture any research or learning activities required for the project. Work tasks are included to represent the actual work items that need to be completed. These can include development tasks, testing tasks, or any other activities required to deliver the project. Business requirements are also part of the backlog as they help define the scope and objectives of the project. Client emails, however, are not typically considered as components of the Scrum backlog as they are not directly related to the work items or deliverables of the project.

The given answer is correct because it includes two user stories that clearly state the needs and desires of the customer. The first user story addresses the customer's desire to browse the menu and see the available dishes and prices, which is a common expectation when visiting a restaurant. The second user story addresses the customer's need to communicate their dietary restrictions to the kitchen, ensuring that their dishes are prepared correctly and do not contain any ingredients they need to avoid. Both of these user stories focus on the customer's experience and satisfaction.

Scott will solve the problems of adapting to changing product requirements and meeting project plan deadlines through monitoring. By monitoring the progress of the project and keeping track of any changes in product requirements, Scott can ensure that the team is able to adapt and make necessary adjustments to meet the changing needs. Additionally, by monitoring the project plan and tracking the progress of tasks, Scott can identify any potential delays or issues that may arise, allowing him to take proactive measures and ensure that the project is completed on time.

The correct answer is "As an end user, I want to access my own guest account, so that I don't need to create a personal account." This is the best way to write the user story because it clearly states the role (end user), the action they want to perform (access their own guest account), and the reason for wanting to do so (to avoid creating a personal account). It is specific and focuses on the needs of the end user, which is the main purpose of a user story.