CDC 3e551 Engineering Journeyman

When creating a surface, the software groups the points into a triangle shape. This is a common approach in computer graphics and 3D modeling, where triangles are used to approximate more complex shapes. Triangles are preferred because they are simple and versatile, allowing for efficient rendering and calculations. By grouping the points into triangles, the software can create a smooth and realistic surface.

The import wizard for XML files has three windows: Page 1, Page 2, and Summary page. The question asks which window lists name conflicts. Since name conflicts usually occur when importing files, it is logical to assume that the window where these conflicts are listed would be Page 2.

The editor function that allows us to specify an angle and a length to create a line or side of a polygon is "Direction/length". This function enables us to input both the direction (angle) and the length of the line or side we want to create, giving us precise control over the shape and dimensions of the polygon.

Enumeration refers to a way of differentiating objects within the same feature class. It involves assigning unique identifiers or codes to each object in order to distinguish them from one another. This can be useful in various fields such as database management, programming, and data analysis, where it is important to identify and classify different objects within a larger group or category.

Multifile shapefiles are treated and viewed as a single file by catalog. Unlike file explorer, catalog does not treat each individual part of the shapefile separately. Instead, it recognizes and groups them together as a single entity, making it easier to manage and work with multifile shapefiles.

The engineering flight completes the constructability review. This is because the constructability review involves evaluating the feasibility and practicality of construction plans and designs. The engineering flight, being responsible for the technical aspects of construction projects, would have the expertise and knowledge to assess whether the plans can be successfully executed. The fire department, operations flight, and contract squadron may have their own roles and responsibilities in the construction process, but the constructability review specifically falls under the domain of the engineering flight.

The correct answer is AF IMT 1477. This Air Force Information Management Tool is used by the construction inspector to prove or disprove contractor performance. It likely contains a checklist or evaluation form that allows the inspector to document and assess the contractor's work.

The Marshall test is a method used to determine the stability and flow of asphalt mixtures, specifically for evaluating the performance of asphalt pavement. It involves compacting a cylindrical specimen of asphalt mixture and measuring its deformation under a load. This test is commonly used in the field of civil engineering and construction to assess the quality and durability of asphalt materials. Therefore, the Marshall test is indeed a concrete test method, making it the incorrect answer to the given question.

Exaggeration is the name given to the ability to highlight or subdue aspects of a drawing. This technique involves emphasizing certain features or elements to create a stronger impact or convey a specific message. By exaggerating certain aspects, such as size, shape, or proportions, an artist can create a sense of drama, emphasize emotions, or add a humorous or satirical effect to the artwork. Exaggeration allows artists to push the boundaries of reality and create a more expressive and dynamic representation.

The Expeditionary Airfield Lighting System (EALS) provides runway edge and approach lighting upon aircraft arrival. This system is specifically designed for temporary or remote airfields, allowing for safe landings and takeoffs even in challenging conditions. It ensures that pilots have clear visibility of the runway edges and approach path, enhancing safety and reducing the risk of accidents. The EALS is portable and can be quickly deployed in various locations, making it an ideal solution for military operations or emergency situations.

When the water at an austere location is non-potable, the system that is used to purify the water is the Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU). Reverse osmosis is a water treatment process that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove contaminants, impurities, and particles from the water. It is an effective method for purifying non-potable water and making it safe for drinking and other uses. The ROWPU system is designed specifically for this purpose and is commonly used in military and emergency response situations where clean drinking water is needed in remote or austere locations.

In vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED) explosions, the majority of fragmentation dispersal is caused by the front and rear parts of the vehicle. When an explosive device detonates, the force of the explosion pushes the vehicle's front and rear sections outward, causing them to break apart and scatter fragments in multiple directions. This fragmentation dispersal can cause significant damage and pose a grave threat to nearby individuals and structures.

The Edit Coordinate System button in the data connection window opens the Edit Spatial Contexts window. This window allows users to modify and adjust the coordinate system settings for their data. By clicking on this button, users can access and make changes to the spatial context settings, such as the coordinate system, projection, and spatial reference, which are essential for accurate spatial data analysis and visualization.

The correct answer is C280L60D40. This notation indicates that the crater is located 280 feet from the threshold, 60 feet to the left of the centerline, and has a diameter of 40 feet.

A bi-directional minimum operating surface requires two sets of major navigational aids (NAVAID) because it needs to support aircraft operations in both directions. These navigational aids are essential for providing accurate guidance and information to pilots during takeoff, landing, and navigation. Without two sets of NAVAID, it would be difficult for aircraft to safely operate on the minimum operating surface in both directions, making it a major obstacle to utilizing it.

The term "UM" in the context of minimum operating strip (MOS) naming refers to "Unidirectional." This means that the strip is designed for aircraft operations in a single direction only. It indicates that the strip is not suitable for use in both directions, and aircraft should only take off or land in one specific direction on this strip.

During crater profile measurement (CPM), the person holding the rod will take one additional step toward the stanchion as the last step before marking the pavement. This step is necessary to ensure that the measurement is accurate and aligned with the stanchion. By taking a step toward the stanchion, the person can position themselves correctly and make sure that the rod is in the right position for marking the pavement.

If the uncorrected PAPI distance is 765 feet and the correction is 90 feet, it means that the PAPI location is 90 feet lower than the threshold elevation. Since the elevation at the threshold is higher than the PAPI location, the corrected PAPI distance would be the sum of the uncorrected distance and the correction, which is 765 + 90 = 855 feet.

A bearing of "South 60 degrees East" indicates a direction that is 60 degrees east of south. In terms of azimuth, which is measured clockwise from north, a bearing of South 60 degrees East would correspond to an azimuth of 120 degrees.

The question states that the starting azimuth is 48 degrees after turning counterclockwise. Since the question asks for the new azimuth measurement, we need to add the starting azimuth to the turning angle. Adding 48 degrees to a counterclockwise turning angle will result in a new azimuth of 306 degrees.

A logging device would allow us to disconnect the controller after setting up the base receiver. This device would record and store data, so we can disconnect the controller and still have access to the information collected by the base receiver.

The correct answer is 6. This means that inventory on mishap survey kits is conducted every 6 months. This frequency allows for regular monitoring and assessment of the kits to ensure they are properly stocked and ready for use in case of mishaps or emergencies. Conducting inventory every 6 months strikes a balance between frequent checks and practicality, as it provides enough time to replenish and update the kits while still maintaining a reasonable level of readiness.

When converting raster or image files, we typically change the suffix. The suffix refers to the file extension at the end of the file name, such as .jpg, .png, or .gif. By changing the suffix, we can convert the file format and make it compatible with different software or devices. The suffix determines how the file is encoded and displayed, so changing it allows for easy conversion between different image formats.

The program ranks options in the "Using" dropdown list based on their suitability, with the most suitable option appearing at the top.

In the Page and Print Setup, we can adjust the size of the layout area and its orientation. This option allows us to customize the dimensions of the page and choose whether it should be in portrait or landscape orientation. By adjusting these settings, we can ensure that the layout area fits our requirements and is properly aligned for printing or exporting the map.

The correct answer is multiple buffer rings. This means that we create buffers by generating multiple rings at different distances from a specified point or feature. Each ring represents a different buffer distance, allowing for a more nuanced analysis of the surrounding area. This approach is useful when studying the impact or influence of a feature at various distances.

The technical drawing set that contains a general layout of the construction project is the Civil set. Civil engineering focuses on the design and construction of infrastructure projects such as buildings, roads, bridges, and dams. The civil drawing set includes plans, elevations, and sections that provide a comprehensive overview of the project's layout and design. This set is essential for contractors, architects, and engineers involved in the construction process.

The sheet sequence number comes last just before the file extension in the model file naming convention. This number is used to identify the specific sheet or page within the model file.

The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) guides government employees and defines limitations and areas of responsibility for all parties involved in a contract. The FAR provides a uniform set of policies and procedures for the acquisition of goods and services by federal agencies. It ensures that government contracts are awarded fairly, transparently, and in compliance with laws and regulations. The FAR covers various aspects of the acquisition process, including contract formation, administration, and termination. It is a comprehensive framework that helps government employees navigate the complexities of the procurement process and ensures accountability and efficiency in government contracting.

When sieve sizes have openings smaller than 1/4 inch, they are identified by the number of openings per inch. This means that the sieve is classified based on the number of openings it has within an inch. For example, a sieve with a higher number of openings per inch would have smaller openings compared to a sieve with a lower number of openings per inch. This method allows for precise identification and classification of sieve sizes with small openings.

The correct answer is AFPAM 10–219, Volume 5.

Shallow or standing water is undesirable for two primary reasons: it ruins construction material and attracts mosquitoes. The water can cause damage to construction materials, leading to deterioration and potential structural issues. Additionally, stagnant water serves as a breeding ground for mosquitoes, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases and making the area unpleasant for humans.

Semi-permanent and permanent standards are used for enduring construction because these standards ensure that the construction is built to last for a long time. Semi-permanent refers to structures that are intended to be in place for a significant period of time but may require maintenance or periodic replacement, while permanent refers to structures that are built to be long-lasting without the need for frequent repairs or replacement. These standards ensure that the construction is sturdy, durable, and able to withstand the test of time.

The threshold end of the runway is marked by green lines, while the departure end is marked by red lines. These color markings help pilots identify the beginning and end of the runway, ensuring safe takeoffs and landings. Green markings are used to indicate the threshold, while red markings indicate the departure end.

The "Park" setting in the Aircraft Parking Panel, in the Aircraft tab, allows you to adjust the number of aircraft to be parked on the parking area. This setting determines the maximum number of aircraft that can be parked in the designated parking area. By adjusting this setting, you can control the number of aircraft that are allowed to park in that specific area.

The presence of ice on the runway would be written as "IR" in the runway surface condition (RSC) box on Worksheet 1.

Patch spacing is the characteristic that is defined as the distance from one patch area's center to the next patch area's center. It refers to the spatial arrangement or distribution of patches in a landscape. Patch spacing is important in understanding the connectivity and fragmentation of habitats, as well as the movement and dispersal of organisms between patches. It helps to determine the overall structure and function of the landscape.

When a repair patch and the one immediately after need to be repaired flush, it is noted by using the code "FF". This indicates that both patches should be repaired in a way that they are level and even with each other.

Taxiway intersections with the minimum operating strip (MOS) are marked by three cones, spaced three feet apart, in an equilateral triangle formation. This formation ensures that the cones are evenly distributed and clearly visible to pilots, indicating the boundaries of the intersection. The equilateral triangle formation is a standard practice in aviation to provide clear visual cues and maintain safety during taxiing operations.

When correcting magnetic north to grid north, if there is an easterly declination, we need to add it to the magnetic north. This adjustment is necessary because magnetic north and grid north are not aligned and may have a difference known as declination. By adding the easterly declination to the magnetic north, we can obtain the correct grid north direction.

The feature code library command "Starts Line" is used to begin a line at a specific point. This command is used to initiate the drawing of a line from a designated starting point, allowing the user to create lines in a desired direction or pattern.

The correct answer is 1110–1–1005. This USACE engineering manual provides comprehensive instructions on monument installation.

Bronze disk monuments are best suited for bedrock or concrete permanent structures. This is because bronze is a durable material that can withstand the test of time and weather conditions. Bedrock provides a stable foundation for the monument, ensuring its longevity. Concrete permanent structures also offer a solid base for the bronze disk monument, ensuring its stability and preservation.

The correct answer is the Contours section of the Surfaces tab. This is because the Create Contours tool is typically used to generate contour lines, which are lines that connect points of equal elevation on a surface. The Surfaces tab is where we would expect to find tools and functions related to creating and manipulating surfaces, such as contour lines. Therefore, it makes sense that the Create Contours tool would be located in the Contours section of the Surfaces tab.

The Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) reach back center is a good backup source for imagery of a mishap location. This center is responsible for providing engineering and technical support to Air Force installations worldwide. They have access to a wide range of resources and expertise, including imagery, which can be used to assess and analyze the location of a mishap. Therefore, they would be a reliable and knowledgeable source for obtaining imagery in such situations.

To install/set slope stakes, we need an auto-level to determine the level of the ground, a leveling rod to measure the height difference, and a fiberglass tape to measure the distance accurately. The auto-level ensures that the stakes are placed at the correct slope, the leveling rod helps in determining the height of the stakes, and the fiberglass tape is used for precise measurements. The other options mentioned (compass, protractor, prism rod, engineer's scale, and total station) are not necessary for this specific task.

The readme.doc file contains instructions on importing the schema. This file typically provides step-by-step guidance on how to import the schema into the desired software or system. It may include information on the necessary settings, configurations, or tools required for a successful import.

When using the "Create Feature Class from XY Table" tool, we specify the X field, Y field, and Z field as the three input fields. These fields represent the spatial coordinates of the features, where the X field represents the horizontal position, the Y field represents the vertical position, and the Z field represents the elevation or depth of the features.

The Army calls their Simplified Acquisition of Base Engineer Requirements (SABER) style system Job order contracts (JOC). This means that the Army uses job order contracts as their method for acquiring base engineer requirements in a simplified manner.

The basic expeditionary airfield resources order of battle (BOB) assets are broken into personnel increments of 250. This means that the resources are organized and allocated in groups of 250 personnel, which allows for efficient deployment and management of the assets in an expeditionary airfield setting.

The correct answer is 5. A 60 kilowatt (kW) mobile electric power generator (MEP) uses 5 gallons of fuel per hour. This means that for every hour the generator is running, it consumes 5 gallons of fuel.

In a non-dispersed layout, the fire lane needs to be wide enough to accommodate emergency vehicles and provide sufficient space for maneuvering. A width of 59 feet ensures that fire trucks can easily access the area and navigate through it without any obstacles. This width allows for safe and efficient fire response, ensuring the safety of the surrounding buildings and individuals.

The standard-sized airfield map used by the minimum airfield-operating surface team is on a 1:1200 scale. This means that one unit on the map represents 1200 units in real life. This scale allows for a detailed representation of the airfield and its surrounding areas, including runways, taxiways, buildings, and other important features. It provides enough accuracy for the team to effectively plan and coordinate their operations on the airfield.

Level-loop surveys are preferred because they allow us to assess the quality of the survey. By conducting level-loop surveys, we can ensure that the measurements taken are accurate and reliable. This helps in obtaining precise and trustworthy data for various purposes such as construction, mapping, or engineering projects. By evaluating the quality of the survey, we can have confidence in the results and make informed decisions based on them.

The checkbox "Auto-measure Passive Targets" in the measure rounds options tells the instrument to measure without surveyor input. This means that the instrument will automatically measure any passive targets it detects without requiring any manual input or intervention from the surveyor.

An Engineering Journeyman in the military is typically a mid-level position involving hands-on technical work. They are responsible for a variety of tasks related to the installation, maintenance, and repair of engineering systems. This role requires a combination of technical skills and practical experience, making them adept at handling complex technical issues that go beyond routine maintenance.

The correct answer is ".18o". This file format is required by the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) Web service to process survey data. This format is commonly used for storing GPS observation data and is compatible with OPUS for accurate positioning and data analysis.

A file geodatabase allows multiple editors to work on different parts of the data. This means that multiple users can access and edit the file geodatabase simultaneously, as long as they are working on different areas or features within the database. This allows for collaboration and concurrent editing, making it a flexible and efficient option for managing geospatial data.

The .prj file contains the coordinate system information for a shapefile. This file is used to define the projection and coordinate system used by the geographic data in the shapefile. It provides important information such as the coordinate reference system (CRS), datum, and map projection. Without the .prj file, it would be difficult to accurately interpret and overlay the shapefile data onto other maps or geographic data.

A basic orthographic projection shows an object from four different views: front, top, right side, and left side. This type of projection is commonly used in technical drawings and engineering designs to accurately represent the shape and dimensions of an object. By showing the object from multiple angles, it provides a comprehensive understanding of its form and structure.

A contract progress schedule is a tool that allows contractors to divide a project into work elements over a given period. This schedule helps in planning and organizing the project by breaking it down into smaller tasks or work elements, which can then be assigned to different contractors or teams. It helps in tracking the progress of the project, ensuring that it is completed within the specified timeframe.

A three-dimensional depiction of a building provides a better picture of the final product because it gives a more realistic representation of how the building will look in real life. It allows for a better understanding of the spatial relationships, proportions, and overall design of the building compared to other types of depictions such as elevation, isometric, or floor plans. A three-dimensional depiction provides a more immersive and comprehensive view, making it easier to visualize and evaluate the final product.

BIM combines 2D and 3D drafting with GIS. GIS is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, and manages spatial or geographic data. By integrating GIS into BIM, users can access and analyze location-based information, such as terrain data, satellite imagery, and infrastructure networks. This allows for better visualization and understanding of the built environment, enabling more accurate planning, design, and construction processes.

The installation command has the final say regarding the dimensions of a minimum operating strip (MOS). This means that they have the authority and responsibility to determine the specific dimensions required for the MOS based on various factors such as the aircraft types operating in the area, the available space, and safety considerations. The installation command is in a position of authority to make decisions regarding the dimensions of the MOS, ensuring that it meets the necessary requirements for safe and efficient operations.

Centerline cones are offset 2 feet to the left when placing them along the minimum operating strip (MOS).

The DCP recorder notes the number of blows every 25 millimeters during soil strength evaluation. This means that the recorder counts the number of times the dynamic cone penetrometer is driven into the soil and records this data at 25 millimeter intervals. This information is important for assessing the strength and compaction of the soil at different depths.

The correct answer is Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). UTM is a projection system that is commonly used to represent the ellipsoid in two dimensions. It divides the Earth into multiple zones and uses a transverse cylindrical projection to map each zone individually. This projection is especially useful for large-scale mapping and navigation purposes, as it provides accurate measurements and preserves distances and angles relatively well within each zone.

The correct answer is simple text, Nikon code list, data dictionary file, and feature/attribute library. These four file types are commonly used for feature code libraries. Simple text files can be easily read and edited, making them a convenient format for storing feature codes. Nikon code lists are specific to surveying equipment and contain codes for different types of features. Data dictionary files provide a standardized structure for organizing and defining data elements. Feature/attribute libraries store additional information and attributes related to features in a project.

The equation mm * 0.0032808 = ft is used to convert millimeters to feet. By multiplying the length in millimeters by the conversion factor 0.0032808, we can obtain the equivalent length in feet.

The correct answer is www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/. This is the correct web address for the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) processing service. The other options provided in the question are not the correct web addresses for this service.

Uniformity in sewer pipe installation refers to the consistent and even placement of the pipes throughout the system. This characteristic ensures that there are no irregularities or deviations in the alignment, slope, or size of the pipes, which helps to prevent blockage build-up. When the pipes are uniformly installed, there are no abrupt changes or obstructions that can cause debris or waste to accumulate and create blockages. Therefore, uniformity plays a crucial role in maintaining a smooth flow of sewage and preventing blockages in sewer pipe installations.

Resolution refers to the ratio of the size of an image to the number of grids per unit. It is a measure of the level of detail or clarity in an image. A higher resolution means more grids or pixels per unit, resulting in a sharper and more detailed image.

To import a schema in the geodatabase context menu, we use the XML workspace document tool. This tool allows us to import a complete workspace, including feature classes, tables, relationships, domains, and other schema elements, from an XML file. It provides a convenient way to transfer and replicate geodatabase schemas between different environments or to restore a schema from a backup.

"Least cost routing" refers to the analysis of finding the most efficient and cost-effective route for transportation or communication. This analysis is commonly referred to as "network analysis" because it involves determining the optimal path through a network of interconnected nodes or locations. By considering factors such as distance, time, and cost, network analysis helps to identify the most economical route for transportation or communication purposes.

Simplified Acquisition of Base Engineer Requirements (SABER) is the correct answer because it allows the base civil engineer (BCE) to have a construction contractor already under contract. SABER contracts are designed to provide a streamlined process for acquiring construction services for routine and repetitive work. Under SABER, the BCE can issue task orders to the contractor for various construction projects without going through a lengthy procurement process each time. This allows for greater efficiency and cost savings.

When receiving an Air Force (AF) Form 3000 from a contractor, you should compare the material on the form to what is on site and compare what is on site to the specifications. Additionally, you should record the submittal on AF Form 66. However, you should not submit it to contracting for review, as this is not a necessary step in the process.

Architectural Engineering and Construction (A/E/C) is a common work structure used across agencies. This structure involves the integration of architectural, engineering, and construction disciplines to effectively plan, design, and construct buildings and infrastructure projects. It ensures collaboration and coordination among various professionals involved in the project, leading to efficient and successful outcomes. This work structure is widely adopted due to its ability to streamline processes, improve communication, and optimize resource utilization in the architectural engineering and construction industry.

The air damage assessment team (ADAT) will record the apparent type of crater diameter. This means that they will measure the visible or observable diameter of the crater caused by the air damage. The term "apparent" suggests that they will not be measuring the actual or true diameter of the crater, but rather the diameter that is visually apparent or evident.

When replacing pavement reference marking system (PRMS) damage coordinates with military grid reference system (MGRS) coordinates, the accuracy to which they are calculated is 8-digit, 10 meters. This means that the MGRS coordinates will provide a location accuracy of 10 meters, with the coordinates being specified up to 8 decimal places. This level of accuracy is sufficient for most applications that require precise location information.

The last action to add to the polygon when plotting spalls is marking the estimated number of spalls. This means that after connecting the beginning and ending centerpoints, connecting the end points to complete the polygon, and plotting the ending width perpendicular to the first line, the final step is to mark the estimated number of spalls. This could involve indicating the quantity or location of the spalls within the polygon.

Approach lighting marker cones are placed off the minimum operating strip (MOS) to provide visual guidance to pilots during approach and landing. The correct answer states that there are 7 cones placed at an interval of 200 feet. This means that there are a total of 7 cones placed along the approach path, with each cone placed 200 feet apart from the previous one. These cones help pilots to gauge their position and descent rate during the approach, ensuring a safe landing.

The World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) is used in the Air Force as the reference ellipsoid surface. This system is widely used for GPS positioning and navigation. It provides a consistent and accurate representation of the Earth's shape and size, which is crucial for air operations. The WGS84 reference ellipsoid is used to define the coordinates and measurements used in various Air Force applications, including mapping, surveying, and geospatial intelligence.

The figure 2-65 shows the placement of the Mobile Aircraft Arresting System (MAAS) exit sheave. The distance from the minimum operating strip (MOS)/runway edge to the MAAS exit sheave is indicated as 200 feet. Therefore, the maximum distance from the MOS/runway edge that the MAAS exit sheave can be placed is 200 feet.

According to the information on the OPUS Website, Rapid-Static surveys take less than 24 hours, while Static surveys take more than 24 hours. Therefore, the correct answer is 24.

In the "Export Map" window, the two settings that adjust the quality of the output image are Output Image Quality and Resolution. Output Image Quality determines the level of compression applied to the image, with higher quality resulting in less compression and better image detail. Resolution refers to the number of pixels per inch in the output image, with higher resolution resulting in a clearer and more detailed image. By adjusting these two settings, users can optimize the quality of the exported map image.

The correct answer is "Data Management" because the Merge tool is a data management tool used to combine multiple datasets into a single dataset. It allows users to merge features, attributes, and tables from different sources or layers into one cohesive dataset. Therefore, it makes sense for the Merge tool to be located under the Data Management list in the Toolbox, as it is primarily used for managing and manipulating data.

The correct answer is "Initials of project draftsperson." The project code portion of the model file naming convention typically includes a base specific designator, fiscal year the project was developed, and sequence number of projects developed at the same time. However, it does not include the initials of the project draftsperson.

When creating a bill of materials (BOM), the main source of information is usually the construction drawings. These drawings provide detailed information about the project, including measurements, materials, and specifications. They serve as a visual representation of the project, allowing the creator of the BOM to accurately identify and list all the necessary materials and components required for construction. The construction drawings provide a comprehensive and reliable source of information that ensures the accuracy and completeness of the bill of materials.

Rounded soil subdivision is the correct answer because it refers to soil particles that are smooth and rounded in shape. This type of soil is commonly found near streambeds or beaches due to the constant action of water and erosion, which causes the soil particles to be worn down and rounded over time. The rounded shape of the particles allows for better drainage and water flow through the soil, making it suitable for these environments.

The tool that allows you to select an object or overall model and rotate it throughout the X, Y, and Z-axes is the Three-dimensional (3D) Orbit tool. This tool provides the ability to view the object or model from different angles and perspectives by rotating it in three dimensions. It is commonly used in 3D modeling and design software to manipulate and examine objects from various viewpoints.

Jet aircraft require distance-to-go marker lights to indicate the remaining distance to the end of the runway during takeoff and landing. These lights help pilots determine the available runway length and make critical decisions. Additionally, jet aircraft also require arresting system marker lights to indicate the location of the arresting system, which is used for emergency landings or to stop an aircraft in case of a failed takeoff. These lights help pilots identify the correct location for engaging the arresting system.

The tool that allows you to change a polygon into a GeoExPT airfield surface, such as a runway, is the "Convert" tool. This tool likely has the capability to transform the shape and attributes of the polygon into the specific format and characteristics required for a GeoExPT airfield surface.

Area and linear arrays can be used to quickly layout beddown components. Area arrays allow for the placement of components in a specific region or area, while linear arrays allow for components to be arranged in a straight line. By using both types of arrays, beddown components can be efficiently and effectively organized and positioned.

Back-taxi is not a primary access/egress limitation because it refers to the act of an aircraft taxiing on a runway in the opposite direction of takeoff or landing. It is a maneuver used to reach a specific point on the runway and is not directly related to access or egress limitations. On the other hand, cul-de-sac, taxi distance, and only one access route are all examples of primary access/egress limitations as they restrict the movement or availability of access routes for aircraft.

The tangent function is used to calculate the uncorrected precision approach path indicator (PAPI) distance. The PAPI is a visual aid used in aviation to help pilots maintain the correct glide slope during approach and landing. The angle of the PAPI lights can be used to determine the aircraft's position relative to the glide slope. By using the tangent function, the distance to the PAPI lights can be calculated based on the angle of the lights and the height of the aircraft.