Engineering Quiz Questions

The efficiency of a machine is defined as the ratio of the power output to the power input. This means that it measures how effectively a machine converts input power into useful output power. A higher efficiency indicates that the machine is able to minimize energy losses and maximize the output for a given input.

The low-temperature reservoir of a heat reservoir system is referred to as the "sink reservoir". This term is used to describe the component that absorbs heat from the system, typically at a lower temperature, and dissipates it to the surroundings. In a heat transfer process, heat flows from the high-temperature source reservoir to the low-temperature sink reservoir.

Friction refers to the actual force that arises to oppose relative motion between contacting forces. It occurs when two surfaces are in contact and trying to move relative to each other. Friction acts in the opposite direction of the applied force, preventing or slowing down the motion. It is caused by the roughness of surfaces and the interlocking of microscopic irregularities. Friction is present in various everyday situations, such as walking, driving, and using tools.

An isentropic process is a process in which the entropy remains constant. In other words, it is a process that does not involve any change in entropy. This term is commonly used in thermodynamics to describe a process that is adiabatic (no heat transfer) and reversible (no irreversibilities) at the same time. During an isentropic process, the system undergoes a change in state while maintaining a constant entropy level.

Diffusion is the process by which gases mix due to the random motion of their molecules. As the gas molecules move, they collide with each other and spread out, resulting in the mixing of gases. This process occurs until the concentration of the gases becomes uniform throughout the space they occupy. Effusion, fusion, and fission are not related to the mixing of gases due to molecular motion.

Polyamide is the generic name for the class of polymer that is commercially known as nylon. Nylon is a type of synthetic polymer that is known for its strength, durability, and resistance to wear and tear. It is commonly used in the production of textiles, carpets, and various other products. The term "polyamide" refers to the chemical structure of the polymer, which consists of repeating amide groups.

ASTM test A370 is designated for standard methods of tension testing for steel products. This test determines the mechanical properties of steel, including yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area. It is used to ensure the quality and performance of steel products in various industries such as construction and manufacturing.

The reciprocal of the bulk modulus is compressibility. Compressibility is a measure of how easily a substance can be compressed or squeezed. The bulk modulus is a measure of the resistance of a substance to compression. Therefore, the reciprocal of the bulk modulus, which is 1 divided by the bulk modulus, represents the compressibility of the substance.

The Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible for any heat engine to have a thermal efficiency of 100 percent. This means that no engine can convert all of the heat it receives into useful work without any waste heat being produced. This statement highlights the fundamental principle that some energy will always be lost as waste heat in any heat engine, and it is impossible to achieve perfect efficiency.

Kinematics deals with the geometry of motion. It focuses on describing the position, velocity, and acceleration of objects without considering the forces that cause the motion. Kinematics is concerned with the study of motion in terms of displacement, time, and velocity, and it does not take into account the factors that affect the motion, such as mass or forces.

A fixed support is the only type of support that has one moment. A fixed support is a connection that does not allow any movement or rotation at the point of support. This means that it can resist both vertical and horizontal forces, as well as moments or rotational forces. The other options, such as frictionless guide, pin connection, and roller, do not provide the same level of restraint and do not have the ability to resist moments. Therefore, the correct answer is fixed support.

The use of acids to remove oxides and scale on hot-worked steels is known as picking.

Elements numbered 58 to 71 in the periodic table are called lanthanons. Lanthanons are a group of elements that belong to the Lanthanide series. They are characterized by their similar properties and location in the periodic table. These elements are known for their high reactivity and are commonly used in various industrial and technological applications.

A substance is a form of matter that has a constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components by physical separation methods. When all atoms or molecules are the same, the substance is considered pure, as it consists of only one type of particle. Examples include elements like gold (Au) or compounds like water (H2O).

A concurrent force system refers to a situation where all the forces involved act on the same point or have a common point of intersection. In other words, the forces have the same point of application. This means that the forces are applied at the same location or have a common point of contact, resulting in a concurrent force system.

Neodymium is commonly used in making lasers because it has unique optical properties that make it ideal for producing high-powered, efficient laser beams. It is often used as a dopant in solid-state lasers, where it is added to a host material to enhance its laser properties. Neodymium-doped lasers can emit light in a wide range of wavelengths and are widely used in various applications, including telecommunications, medical devices, and scientific research.

Intensive properties are thermodynamic properties that are independent of the size of the system. They only depend on the state of the system and not on the amount of substance present. Examples of intensive properties include temperature, pressure, and density. These properties are useful for comparing and describing different systems, regardless of their size. Extensive properties, on the other hand, do depend on the size of the system and increase or decrease in proportion to the amount of substance present.

The type of steel that has 0.8% carbon and 100% pearlite is eutectoid. Eutectoid steel is a type of steel that has a specific composition and undergoes a specific transformation known as eutectoid reaction. In this reaction, the steel transforms from austenite to pearlite when it is cooled. The pearlite structure consists of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite, and in eutectoid steel, the entire microstructure is composed of pearlite.

During a steady-flow process, both mass and energy content of the control volume remain constant. This means that there is no net transfer of mass or energy across the boundaries of the control volume. The amount of mass within the control volume remains the same, and the total energy within the control volume is also constant. This implies that there is no accumulation or depletion of mass or energy within the system, resulting in a steady state.

The unit of work is one Newton meter or one Joule. This is because work is defined as the product of force and displacement, and the unit of force is the Newton and the unit of displacement is the meter. Therefore, when a force of one Newton is applied over a distance of one meter, the work done is one Newton meter or one Joule.

The emissivity of a black body is a value that represents the efficiency with which it emits thermal radiation. A black body is an idealized object that absorbs all incident radiation and emits radiation with maximum efficiency at all wavelengths. The emissivity of a black body is therefore 1, indicating that it emits radiation perfectly.

The correct answer is "Linear momentum of a body." Linear momentum is a vector quantity that is assumed to be the sum of the linear momentum of all the particles within a body. It is a measure of the motion of an object and depends on both its mass and velocity.

The symbol "pH" stands for the power of hydrogen ion. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, based on the concentration of hydrogen ions present. It is a logarithmic scale ranging from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity. The term "power" in this context refers to the concentration or activity of hydrogen ions in the solution.

Strain is the dimensionless parameter that describes deformation. It quantifies the amount of deformation experienced by a material due to stress. It is calculated as the ratio of the change in length or shape of a material to its original length or shape. Strain is an important concept in the field of elasticity, as it helps to understand the behavior of materials under different loads and stresses.

The ratio of the elongation to force is referred to as the compliance of the spring. Compliance is a measure of how much a spring stretches or compresses under a given force. It indicates the spring's ability to deform in response to an applied force. Therefore, the correct answer is compliance of the spring.

Nitriding is the lowest-temperature diffusion hardening process that does not require a quench. During nitriding, nitrogen is diffused into the surface of a metal to create a hardened layer. This process is typically done at lower temperatures compared to other hardening methods, such as carburizing or quenching, which helps to minimize distortion or warping of the metal. Additionally, nitriding does not involve a quenching step, where the metal is rapidly cooled, making it a more convenient and cost-effective process.

Paramagnetic materials have permeabilities slightly greater than that of free space. Paramagnetism is a property exhibited by certain materials that are weakly attracted to a magnetic field. In these materials, the individual atoms or molecules have unpaired electrons, which align with an external magnetic field, resulting in a small positive magnetic susceptibility. This alignment causes a slight increase in the permeability of the material compared to free space. Ferromagnetic materials, on the other hand, have much higher permeabilities, while diamagnetic materials have permeabilities slightly lower than free space. The term "magnetic materials" is too broad and does not specifically refer to materials with permeabilities slightly greater than free space.

Black plate refers to tin mill steel that does not have a coating. It is called black plate because it appears black in color due to the absence of any coating. This type of steel is often used in applications where a coating is not necessary or desired, such as in the manufacturing of cans or containers.

One newton is equal to 100,000 dynes.

Paraffins is another term for alkanes. Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons that consist of only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are also referred to as paraffins due to their low reactivity and lack of functional groups.

When ice is heated at 0°C to become water at the same temperature, it undergoes a phase change known as melting. During this process, the energy supplied to the ice is used to break the intermolecular forces between the water molecules in the solid state and convert them into the liquid state. The internal energy of a substance is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies. In this case, the internal energy of the ice increases as it absorbs heat energy during the phase change. The correct answer of 1.67 kJ represents the amount of energy required to convert 1 mole of ice at 0°C to water at the same temperature.

The principles of kinetic particles are derived from Newton's second law. This law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. It explains how the motion of an object changes when a force is applied to it. In the context of kinetic particles, this law helps us understand how the particles move and interact with each other when forces are applied to them.

The correct answer is 4 because it suggests that all stations must promote Filipino music by playing OPM (Original Pilipino Music) every hour. This indicates that the stations should prioritize playing music that is created and performed by Filipino artists, showcasing and supporting the local music industry.

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in nature. It is widely distributed in the Earth's crust and can be found in various minerals. It is also highly recyclable and has many industrial applications, making it a commonly used metal.

The combination of cutting and scratch test of a material is called the file hardness test. This test involves using a file to cut or scratch the surface of a material to determine its hardness. The file is pressed against the material and if it is able to cut or scratch the surface, it indicates that the material is relatively soft. On the other hand, if the file does not leave a mark or only leaves a faint mark, it suggests that the material is harder. This test is commonly used to assess the hardness of materials in various industries.

Brass is an alloy made by combining copper and zinc. Copper provides the base metal while zinc is added to improve the strength, durability, and corrosion resistance of the alloy. This combination creates a material that is widely used in various applications, including plumbing fittings, musical instruments, and decorative items, due to its attractive golden color and malleability.

The prime time block for FM radio in Metro Manila is from 6:00 AM to 8 PM. This is the longest time period among the given options and covers the morning rush hour, the workday, and the evening commute, which are typically the times when radio listenership is highest.

Staff authority refers to the authority given to individuals who provide advice, support, and expertise to those in line or top authority positions. In this scenario, the consultant or specialist is providing advice to his superior, indicating that he is using staff authority. Staff authority allows these individuals to influence decisions and provide guidance based on their specialized knowledge and expertise.

The measure of rigidity refers to how resistant a material is to deformation under applied stress. The modulus of elasticity, also known as Young's modulus, is a measure of how much a material can deform elastically when subjected to a given stress. It represents the stiffness or rigidity of the material. Therefore, the modulus of elasticity is the correct answer for the measure of rigidity.

The body in the recent ITU structure that took the place of CCITT is ITU-T.

A substance that has a fixed chemical composition is known as a pure substance. This means that it consists of only one type of molecule or atom and does not contain any impurities or other substances mixed in. Pure substances have definite and consistent properties, such as melting and boiling points, and can be classified as elements or compounds.

Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains a minimum of 10% chromium. Chromium is added to steel to enhance its corrosion resistance and other properties. Therefore, a steel cannot be classified as stainless steel unless it has at least 10% chromium content.

The term "force constant" refers to the ratio of force to elongation. It represents the proportionality between the force applied to an object and the resulting elongation or deformation of that object. The force constant is a measure of the stiffness or rigidity of a material, indicating how much force is required to produce a certain amount of elongation.

The term "stock" represents the share of participation in business organizations. Stocks are units of ownership in a corporation, and owning stock in a company means that you have a share of ownership in that company. Stockholders have the right to vote on important company decisions and may receive dividends, which are a portion of the company's profits. Therefore, stock is the correct answer as it directly represents the share of participation in business organizations.

Hydrofluoric acid is used in glass etching because it is a strong acid that can dissolve the surface of glass. It reacts with the silicon dioxide in glass to form silicon tetrafluoride gas and water, resulting in a frosted or etched appearance on the glass. Other acids like acetylsalicylic acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid are not commonly used for glass etching purposes.

Calculate the molar mass of Al₂O₃ and then use it to find how many moles of Al₂O₃ correspond to 431 grams. We can then use the stoichiometry to find the amount of Al in grams in that quantity of Al₂O₃. Since there are 2 moles of Al per mole of Al₂O₃, we can calculate the grams of Al accordingly. Let's compute it.

The molar mass of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) is approximately 101.96 g/mol. Given 431 grams of Al₂O₃, there are about 4.23 moles of Al₂O₃. From the stoichiometry of the compound, there are 2 moles of aluminum (Al) per mole of aluminum oxide, resulting in approximately 8.45 moles of Al. These moles of aluminum correspond to about 228.10 grams of Al.

Therefore, in 431 grams of Al₂O₃, there are approximately 228.10 grams of aluminum (Al).

Alkalydes is the correct term used to denote a family of thermosetting polymers that are reaction products of alcohols and acids. Alkalydes are formed through the condensation reaction between an alcohol and an acid, resulting in the formation of ester linkages. These polymers have cross-linked structures, making them resistant to heat and chemicals. They are commonly used in the production of coatings, adhesives, and electrical insulation materials.

Earth and stone mixed with iron oxides are commonly referred to as "gauge." Gauge is a term used in geology and mining to describe a type of rock or soil that contains a mixture of earth, stone, and iron oxides. This term is often used in the context of identifying and analyzing different types of geological formations or mineral deposits.

Surface loam soil has the lowest resistance grounding on earth compared to sand, clay, and limestone. Loam soil is a mixture of sand, silt, and clay, which makes it more conductive and less resistant to electrical current flow. Sand has larger particles and poor conductivity, while clay has smaller particles and higher resistance. Limestone is a non-conductive rock, making it the least suitable for grounding. Therefore, surface loam soil is the best option for achieving low resistance grounding.

Pending motion refers to the state just before surfaces start to slip. It is the state where there is a force applied to an object but the object has not yet started moving. This term is often used in physics and engineering to describe the moment when an object is on the verge of moving but is still held in place due to the static friction between its surfaces.

The rate of interest of this investment is 3.0%. This can be calculated by taking the difference between the face value of the bond (1,000,000) and the amount it was sold for (95% of the face value, which is 950,000). The difference is 50,000. Then, divide the difference by the face value and multiply by 100 to get the percentage. So, (50,000 / 1,000,000) * 100 = 5%. However, since the bond has a 15-year maturity, the rate of interest needs to be divided by the number of years, which is 15. Therefore, 5% / 15 = 0.3333%. Rounding to the nearest tenth, the rate of interest is 3.0%.

Oxygen comprises approximately 49.5% of the mass in the earth's crust.

Cassiterite is the chief ore of tin. It is a mineral that consists of tin dioxide and is the primary source of tin. It is usually found in granite and pegmatite veins and is commonly associated with other minerals such as quartz and feldspar. Cassiterite is a valuable resource due to its high tin content and is commonly used in the production of tin metal and alloys.

Ilmenite is the correct answer because it is the chief ore of titanium. Ilmenite is a black iron-titanium oxide mineral and it is the main source of titanium. It is commonly found in beach sands and is used in the production of titanium dioxide, which is used in various industries such as paint, plastics, and paper.

An ordinary annuity is a type of annuity where payments are made at the end of each period, starting from the first period. This means that the payments are not made immediately but are deferred until the end of each period. This is in contrast to an annuity due, where payments are made at the beginning of each period. Therefore, the correct answer is ordinary annuity.

Incremental cost refers to the change in cost per unit variable change. It represents the additional cost incurred for producing one additional unit of a product or service. Incremental cost is important in decision-making processes as it helps to determine the financial impact of producing additional units and assess the profitability of such decisions.

Sodium has a silver metal appearance.

In Metro Manila, AM radio stations with airtime from 9 PM to 12 midnight are classified as Class C. Class C stations have a limited coverage area and power output, making them suitable for nighttime broadcasting when the radio waves can travel further. This classification allows for efficient use of radio frequencies and ensures that different stations do not interfere with each other's signals.

Double taxation is a disadvantage of a corporation. This means that the corporation's profits are taxed at the corporate level and then again at the individual level when they are distributed to shareholders as dividends. In contrast, sole proprietorships and partnerships are not subject to double taxation as their profits are only taxed at the individual level. Therefore, the correct answer is corporation.

The fundamental frequency of a vibrating string is determined by its length, tension, and mass. In this case, the length of the piano string is given as 1.17m, the tension is given as 6.4 x 10^3 N, and the mass is given as 21.0g. Using the equation for the fundamental frequency of a string, f = (1/2L) * sqrt(T/m), where L is the length, T is the tension, and m is the mass, we can calculate the frequency. Plugging in the values, we get f = (1/2 * 1.17) * sqrt(6.4 x 10^3 / 0.021) = 255 Hz.

The Kelvin scale is identical to the Ideal gas temperature scale. This scale is based on the behavior of an ideal gas, where the temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. The Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero, which is the lowest possible temperature, and has equal intervals between each degree. This makes it a convenient and consistent scale for scientific measurements and calculations.

An oligopsony is a market situation where there are few buyers and many sellers. In this scenario, the buyers have significant market power and can dictate the terms of trade, potentially leading to lower prices for the sellers. This market structure is characterized by limited competition among buyers, which allows them to exert control over the market.

The sense and slope of angles with respect to the reference axes is referred to as direction. Direction indicates the way or path in which something is moving or pointing. It is a fundamental concept in geometry and physics, used to describe the orientation or position of an object or motion. Magnitude refers to the size or quantity of something, vectors are quantities with both magnitude and direction, and displacement is the change in position of an object.

The CPM (Critical Path Method) was developed by Rand and Walker in 1957.

Soren Sorensen proposed the pH scale in 1909. The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. Sorensen introduced this scale as a way to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are alkaline. Sorensen's pH scale revolutionized the field of chemistry by providing a standardized method to measure and compare the acidity or alkalinity of different solutions.

Lauric acid is the correct answer because it is a carboxylic acid that is commonly found in coconut oil. It is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon chain and is known for its antimicrobial and moisturizing properties. Lauric acid makes up about 50% of the fatty acids in coconut oil, which is why it is the main carboxylic acid found in this oil.

The capitalized cost of a project refers to the total cost of an asset or project over its entire life cycle, including the initial investment, maintenance costs, and any future expenses. It is also known as the life cycle cost because it takes into account all the costs associated with the project from start to finish. This term is used to emphasize the importance of considering not just the upfront costs, but also the long-term costs and benefits of a project.

Tempering is the process of heating and then cooling a material, usually a metal, to increase its toughness and reduce its brittleness. Drawing or toughening is another term for tempering because it refers to the same process of heating and cooling to achieve the desired properties in the material. Skidding is not a term commonly used to describe the tempering process.

Yield stress refers to the maximum stress a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation. It is the point at which the material starts to exhibit plastic behavior and does not return to its original shape after the applied stress is removed. This is different from ultimate strength, which refers to the maximum stress a material can withstand before fracturing. Therefore, yield stress is the correct answer in this context.

Pressure is not an intensive property of thermodynamics because it depends on the size or amount of the system. Intensive properties, on the other hand, are independent of the size or amount of the system and only depend on the nature or composition of the substance. Temperature, mass, and density are examples of intensive properties as they remain the same regardless of the size or amount of the substance.

Equity refers to the claim of anyone to ownership. It represents the residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting liabilities. In other words, it is the ownership interest in a company or property. Equity can be in the form of common stock, preferred stock, or retained earnings. It represents the shareholders' stake in a company and is calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets. It is an important concept in accounting and finance as it reflects the value of an individual's or organization's ownership in an entity.

ASTM D732 is the designated test for shear strength for plastics.

The modulus of elasticity refers to the ratio of stress to strain exhibited by a specific material under external forces. It serves as a fundamental property that characterizes the material's response to deformation, providing a quantitative measure of how effectively the material can return to its original shape after undergoing stress-induced strain.