Chapter 1

Symmetry of information.

Asymmetry of information.

The possibility of complete contracts.

None of the above.

Managers becoming entrenched.

Tunnelling and transfer pricing.

Transactions between shareholders of the same political persuasion.

None of the above.

The debtholders forcing the managers to expropriate the shareholders.

Banks using proxy votes.

The shareholders expropriating the debtholders.

The large debtholder expropriating the minority debtholders.

Empire building

Investing the firm's funds in projects with a negative net present value.

Managers' on-the-job consumption of shareholder funds.

All of the above apply.

There is a residual loss if the monitoring costs exceed the bonding costs.

The residual loss consists of the loss in firm value caused by the agent not running the firm in the interest of the principal and which cannot be prevented by monitoring and bonding.

The residual loss is the difference between the monitoring costs and the bonding costs.

None of the above.

The principal-agent problem.

Excessive dividends.

The expropriation of the minority shareholders by the large, controlling shareholder.

Hostile takeovers.

The avoidance of conflicts of interests between owners and customers.

The reduced cost of capital.

The higher threat of a hostile takeover and the resulting higher pressure on the managers to perform well.

None of the above.

UK IPOs end up with fewer new large shareholders six years after the IPO.

There is a rapid separation of ownership and control in the German IPOs.

The initial shareholders of German IPOs manage to keep majority control longer than the initial shareholders of UK IPOs.

None of the above.

German banks assume a much more important role as providers of finance and management support in small- and medium-sized enterprises than in other countries.

Banks never assumed an important role in the German corporate governance system.

Germany is not a bank-based system. This is just a myth.

The German corporate governance system is not any different from the UK or US system in terms of the role of banks.

Employees should be given ownership of the firm, if their investments in their human capital are highly specific to the firm.

Firms should not be in the form of partnerships unless they operate in the financial sector.

Property rights should always confer more cash flow rights than control rights.

None of the above.

The demutualisation consists of a mutual building society converting into a stock corporation and floating on the stock exchange.

This concerns the change in control from the situation where the firm is mutually controlled by many small shareholders to the situation where the firm is controlled by a large shareholder.

Both of the above are correct.

None of the above.

Employees taking too many holidays.

Managers avoiding cognitively difficult activities.

Shareholders retiring from their day jobs to live off the revenues from their investments.

None of the above.