Basic Economics Quiz: Exam!

Explanation
Free goods are goods that are available in abundance and can be obtained without any cost. These goods are naturally occurring and do not require any human effort or resources to produce. Examples of free goods include air, sunlight, and water from natural sources. In economics, free goods are contrasted with economic goods, which are goods that are limited in supply and have a cost associated with them. The concept of free goods is related to the concept of scarcity, which is the fundamental problem in economics where unlimited wants and needs cannot be fulfilled with limited resources.

Explanation
Economic goods are items that have value or price in the field of economics. Unlike free goods, economic goods are limited in supply and have a cost associated with them. Scarcity is the concept that drives the existence of economic goods, as it refers to the limited availability of resources compared to the unlimited wants and needs of individuals. Therefore, economic goods are the correct answer as they encompass the idea of value or price in the context of economics.

Explanation
Economics is the study of production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services. It analyzes how individuals, businesses, and governments make choices to allocate limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants and needs. Economics examines various economic systems, such as capitalism and socialism, and studies concepts like supply and demand, inflation, and economic growth. By understanding the principles of economics, individuals and societies can make informed decisions about resource allocation, trade, and policies that impact economic well-being.

Explanation
Macroeconomics is the study of the behavior of the entire economy, focusing on aggregates such as national income, unemployment, inflation, and economic growth. It examines the overall performance and trends of the economy as a whole, rather than individual markets or specific economic agents. Macroeconomics analyzes factors that affect the economy on a large scale, such as government policies, fiscal and monetary policies, and international trade. It helps in understanding the functioning of the economy as a whole and formulating policies to stabilize and promote economic growth.

Explanation
Microeconomics is the study of the small unit of the economy, such as individuals, households, and firms. It focuses on analyzing the behavior of these smaller units and how their decisions impact the allocation of resources. Microeconomics examines topics such as supply and demand, pricing, production, and market structures. It helps in understanding how individual choices and interactions shape the overall economy.

Explanation
David Ricardo is the correct answer because he is the economist who discovered the Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns. This law states that as additional units of a variable input are added to a fixed input, the marginal product of the variable input will eventually decrease. This concept is important in understanding the relationship between inputs and outputs in production processes and has significant implications for economic theory and policy.

Explanation
Karl Marx is known as the father of communism because he was the primary author of the Communist Manifesto and the founder of Marxist theory. He believed in the abolition of private property and the establishment of a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the working class. Marx's ideas greatly influenced the development of socialist and communist movements worldwide, making him a central figure in the history of communism.

Explanation
Adam Smith is known as the father of modern economics because of his groundbreaking work in the field. His book "The Wealth of Nations" published in 1776 laid the foundation for classical economics and introduced key concepts like the invisible hand and division of labor. Smith's ideas on free markets, self-interest, and the role of government in the economy have had a significant influence on economic theory and policy-making. His contributions have shaped the way economists think about markets and have had a lasting impact on the development of the field.

Explanation
John Maynard Keynes is the correct answer because he was an influential economist who developed the theory of Keynesian economics. This theory focuses on the role of aggregate demand in determining economic output and employment levels. Keynes emphasized the importance of government intervention to stimulate demand during times of economic downturns. Therefore, it is likely that he would have explained the law of supply and demand in his work.

Explanation
Thomas Robert Malthus is the correct answer because his theory is known as the Malthusian Theory. This theory, proposed in the late 18th century, suggests that population growth will outpace the availability of resources, leading to famine, poverty, and other social problems. Malthus argued that population growth should be controlled to prevent these negative consequences. His theory had a significant influence on the fields of demography, economics, and sociology, and continues to be debated and discussed today.