Year 7 Revision EcoSystem & Classification

A vertebrate is defined as an organism that has a backbone. The backbone, also known as the vertebral column, is a series of bones that run along the dorsal side of the body and provides support and protection for the spinal cord. Vertebrates include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. This characteristic sets them apart from invertebrates, which do not have a backbone.

Abiotic refers to the non-living components of an ecosystem. This includes physical factors such as temperature, sunlight, soil, water, and air. These abiotic factors play a crucial role in shaping the environment and determining the types of organisms that can survive in a particular ecosystem. Unlike biotic factors, which are living organisms, abiotic factors do not possess life functions or biological processes. Understanding the abiotic components of an ecosystem is essential for studying and managing ecological systems.

An organism is defined as an individual living thing. It refers to a single, complete living entity that can carry out all the essential functions of life, such as growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. Organisms can be as simple as a single-celled organism or as complex as a multi-cellular organism. This definition distinguishes organisms from groups of living things, which are not considered individual entities, and from other terms like species or ecosystem, which have different meanings in the context of biology.

The correct answer is "An organism that has no backbone." Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column, or backbone. This means that they do not have a spinal column made up of individual vertebrae. Examples of invertebrates include insects, worms, mollusks, and crustaceans. They have a wide range of body structures and adaptations, but the defining characteristic is the absence of a backbone.

The correct order of taxonomy is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. This order is based on the hierarchical classification system used in biology to categorize and organize living organisms. Starting with the broadest category, Kingdom, and moving down to the most specific category, Species, this order allows for the classification of organisms based on their shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is facilitated by the green pigment called chlorophyll. Through photosynthesis, plants are able to produce their own food and release oxygen into the atmosphere. This energy-rich glucose is then used by plants for growth, reproduction, and other metabolic processes.

The definition of a cell is the building block of all living things. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. They are responsible for carrying out all the necessary processes for an organism to survive and reproduce. Cells can vary in size, shape, and function, but they all share the common characteristic of being the fundamental units of life.

An ecosystem is defined as the interaction of living and non-living components within a particular place. This means that within an ecosystem, organisms (living components) interact with their physical environment (non-living components) in a complex web of relationships. These interactions include the exchange of energy, nutrients, and resources, as well as the influence of abiotic factors such as temperature, water availability, and soil composition on the organisms. The concept of an ecosystem emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of all living and non-living elements within a specific area.

A dichotomous key is a tool used in biology to help identify organisms. It consists of a series of paired statements or questions that lead the user to the correct identification of a particular organism. By answering each question or statement, the user is able to narrow down the possibilities and eventually determine the organism's identity. This key can be used for both plants and animals, making it a versatile tool in the field of taxonomy.

Respiration is a characteristic of all living things because it is the process by which organisms obtain energy from food and release waste products. It involves the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between an organism and its environment. All living organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms, require respiration to carry out their metabolic processes and maintain homeostasis. Having lungs, photosynthesis, and being a part of the Kingdom Animals are not characteristics that apply to all living things.

The definition of a community is a group of different species interacting and occupying a particular place. This means that within a community, there are multiple species that live together in the same location and interact with each other. This interaction can include various relationships such as predator-prey, competition for resources, and mutualism. The concept of a community highlights the interconnectedness and interdependence of different species within an ecosystem.

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the statements mentioned in the question are true. Unicellular organisms are indeed made up of only one cell, while multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell. Additionally, unicellular organisms are generally smaller in size compared to multicellular organisms.

Oxygen is essential for most living organisms to carry out cellular respiration, which is the process that provides energy for their survival. However, there are some organisms, such as anaerobic bacteria, that can survive without oxygen. Therefore, not needing oxygen is not a characteristic that applies to all living things.

The correct answer explains the difference between non-living and dead by stating that non-living means something was never alive, while dead means it was once alive. This answer accurately distinguishes between the two terms, highlighting that non-living refers to things that have never possessed life, whereas dead refers to something that was once alive but is no longer alive.

The definition of biotic refers to the living components of an ecosystem. This includes all living organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that interact with each other and with the non-living components of the environment. Biotic factors play a crucial role in shaping and maintaining the balance of an ecosystem, as they are involved in processes such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and ecological interactions.

The four characteristics of a living thing are respiration, reproduction, sensitivity, and movement. Respiration refers to the process of obtaining and using energy. Reproduction is the ability to produce offspring. Sensitivity refers to the ability to respond to stimuli in the environment. Movement is the ability to change position or location. These characteristics are essential for an organism to be considered alive as they are fundamental to its survival and ability to interact with its surroundings.

The species name of modern humans is Homo Sapiens Sapiens. This is the correct answer because Homo Sapiens Sapiens is the scientific name given to the subspecies of humans that exist today. It distinguishes modern humans from other extinct species of the Homo genus, such as Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens Neanderthal, and Homo Habilis.

Two organisms in the same genus would have the most in common because the genus is a more specific classification than the phylum, kingdom, or order. Organisms in the same genus share more similarities in terms of their physical characteristics, genetic makeup, and evolutionary history. They are more closely related and likely share a more recent common ancestor. Therefore, two organisms in the same genus would have the most similarities compared to organisms in the same phylum, kingdom, or order.

The chemical formula for photosynthesis is not provided in the options given. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above."

Binomial nomenclature refers to a two-naming system used in taxonomy to give each organism a unique scientific name. This system consists of two parts: the genus and the species name. The genus represents a group of closely related organisms, while the species name identifies a particular species within that genus. Together, these two names provide a standardized way of identifying and classifying different organisms, allowing scientists from around the world to communicate and understand each other's research.

Respiration refers to the process in which organisms use energy and oxygen while getting rid of carbon dioxide. It involves the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment, allowing for the release of energy from glucose. This process is essential for the survival of living organisms, including plants and animals.

The formula for respiration is not provided in the question, so "None of the above" cannot be the correct answer. Therefore, the correct answer must be one of the given options, which is Option 1. However, without the actual formula being provided, it is not possible to provide a specific explanation for Option 1.

Carl Linnaeus was a scientist from Sweden who is famous for his work in taxonomy. He is best known for creating the 'binomial nomenclature' system, which is the scientific naming system used to classify and categorize organisms. Therefore, all of the given options are correct statements about Carl Linnaeus.

A species is defined as a group of individuals who have similar characteristics and can produce fertile offspring. This definition emphasizes the importance of both physical similarities and reproductive compatibility in determining species membership. It acknowledges that individuals within a species share common traits and are capable of successfully reproducing to produce viable offspring. This definition helps to differentiate one species from another and is widely accepted in the field of biology.

The correct answer is Homo because Homo is the genus of modern humans. The other options, Neanderthal and Sapiens, are not the correct genus for modern humans.