Pharmacon Daily Quiz For Pharamcy Students

Explanation
Probenecid is a medication that can be administered with penicillin to achieve a higher concentration of penicillin in the blood. Probenecid works by inhibiting the renal tubular secretion of penicillin, which means that it prevents the elimination of penicillin from the body through urine. This allows penicillin to stay in the bloodstream for a longer period of time, leading to higher blood levels of penicillin. By combining probenecid with penicillin, the effectiveness of the antibiotic can be increased, making it a suitable choice for achieving a higher concentration of penicillin in the blood.

Explanation
All of the given options, Bacampicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin, are classified as aminopenicillins. Aminopenicillins are a subclass of penicillin antibiotics that have a broader spectrum of activity against certain bacteria. They are effective against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. These drugs work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to the destruction of the bacteria. Therefore, all three options mentioned in the question are correct answers as they belong to the category of aminopenicillins.

Explanation
Nelfinavir is a drug that belongs to the class of protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors are a type of antiviral medication that works by blocking the activity of protease enzymes, which are necessary for the replication of viruses such as HIV. Nelfinavir specifically inhibits the protease enzyme in HIV, preventing the virus from reproducing and spreading in the body. Therefore, Nelfinavir is the correct answer as it is a protease inhibitor.

Explanation
A fractionating column is used for the continuous separation of two miscible liquids. This column is designed to have a series of trays or packing material that allows for the separation of the liquids based on their boiling points. As the mixture is heated, the liquid with the lower boiling point vaporizes and rises up the column, while the liquid with the higher boiling point remains in liquid form and collects at the bottom. This process allows for the separation and collection of the two liquids.

Explanation
Steam distillation is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids when one of the liquids is water-soluble. In this process, steam is passed through the mixture, causing the volatile components to vaporize. The vapor is then condensed and collected separately. This method is effective in separating the immiscible liquids because the water-soluble component will dissolve in the steam and can be easily separated from the non-water-soluble component. Fractional distillation and simple distillation are not suitable for separating immiscible liquids.

Explanation
One tumbler full is equivalent to both 8 fluid ounces and 240 mL. Fluid ounces and milliliters are both units of measurement for volume, and they can be used interchangeably to represent the same amount of liquid. Therefore, both options a and b are correct.

Explanation
Fibrinogen, a key protein involved in blood clotting, is produced in the liver. The liver's role in synthesizing various proteins critical for clotting and other physiological functions underscores its importance in maintaining hemostasis, the process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.

Explanation
The statement "They lack a plasma membrane" is not a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells because all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is a universal feature of all cells and is responsible for regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Therefore, this statement is incorrect and does not apply to prokaryotic cells.

Explanation
Oxytocin is the hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in various reproductive functions, including childbirth and breastfeeding. Oxytocin is responsible for stimulating contractions during labor and promoting the release of milk during breastfeeding. Additionally, it is also involved in social bonding and emotional attachment. Therefore, the correct answer is Oxytocin.