Patterns Of Mendelian Inheritance

Mendel used garden peas in his experiment. Garden peas were the chosen plant species for Mendel's experiments on inheritance because they have easily distinguishable traits and can self-pollinate. Mendel observed and documented the patterns of inheritance in garden peas, which laid the foundation for his laws of inheritance and the field of genetics.

A Dd genotype has two different alleles because the letter "D" represents one allele and the letter "d" represents another allele. In genetics, an individual inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. In this case, the individual has inherited one copy of the "D" allele and one copy of the "d" allele, resulting in a genotype with two different alleles.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that according to the Law of Dominance, the dominant allele will always be expressed when paired with a recessive allele. This means that if an individual carries one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a particular trait, the dominant allele will determine the phenotype, or physical expression, of that trait. On the other hand, the expression of a recessive allele will be masked or not visible when paired with a dominant allele. This principle helps explain why certain traits are more commonly observed in a population, as dominant alleles tend to have a greater influence on the phenotype.

The law of segregation states that pairs of homologous chromosomes separate during gamete formation. This means that during the formation of reproductive cells (gametes), each chromosome in a pair separates and goes into a different gamete. This ensures that each gamete receives one copy of each chromosome, resulting in genetic diversity in offspring.

Gregor Mendel is considered the father of Genetics because he conducted groundbreaking experiments with pea plants in the 19th century, which laid the foundation for the understanding of inheritance and the principles of heredity. Mendel's work demonstrated the existence of dominant and recessive traits, as well as the concept of genetic inheritance through the passing down of genes from parents to offspring. His discoveries paved the way for the modern field of genetics and revolutionized our understanding of how traits are inherited and passed on from one generation to the next.

When Mendek crossed a purple flower with a white flower, the first filial offspring being all purple indicates that the purple trait is dominant over the white trait. This suggests that the purple flower parent carried two dominant alleles for the purple trait, while the white flower parent carried two recessive alleles for the white trait. As a result, all of the first filial offspring inherited one dominant allele from the purple flower parent, making them all purple. This supports the statement that the answer is true.

The Law of Independent Assortment states that genes for two different traits segregate or separate randomly during the formation of gametes. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. In other words, the alleles for different traits are distributed independently of each other during meiosis. This law was proposed by Gregor Mendel and is one of the fundamental principles of genetics.

Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, such as its physical appearance, behavior, or other observable features. It is determined by the interaction between an organism's genotype (its genetic makeup) and its environment. The genotype represents the specific genetic information carried by an organism, including the combination of alleles (different forms of a gene) that it possesses. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building and maintaining an organism, and they are responsible for transmitting traits from parents to offspring. Therefore, phenotype is the correct answer as it accurately describes the observable expression of traits.

The term "genotype" refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, which includes the specific combination of alleles (alternative forms of a gene) that an organism possesses. It determines the characteristics or traits that an organism will exhibit, known as the phenotype. Therefore, the genotype is responsible for the observed character or phenotype. The other options mentioned in the question, such as phenotype, allele, and genes, are related to genetics but do not specifically refer to the genetic makeup of an individual like the genotype does.

A Punnet Square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible outcomes of a genetic cross. It is a grid that allows us to determine the probability of certain traits or characteristics being passed on from parents to offspring. By using the Punnet Square, we can visually organize and calculate the different combinations of alleles that can be inherited, helping us to predict the expected results of a genetic cross.

Mendel used garden peas because they easily grow, produce a large amount of offspring, can self-fertilize, and have contrasting traits. These characteristics make garden peas an ideal choice for conducting genetic experiments and studying inheritance patterns. The ease of growth ensures that Mendel could easily obtain a sufficient number of plants for his experiments. The large amount of offspring allows for a statistically significant sample size. The ability to self-fertilize means that Mendel could control the mating process and eliminate the influence of external factors. The presence of contrasting traits allows for clear observation and analysis of inheritance patterns.

When Mendel crossed two heterozygous purple flowers, it means that both parents had one dominant allele for purple color and one recessive allele for white color. The dominant allele for purple color is represented by "P", while the recessive allele for white color is represented by "p". When these two parents are crossed, there are four possible combinations of alleles in the offspring: PP (purple), Pp (purple), pP (purple), and pp (white). Out of these four possibilities, three of them result in purple flowers (75%): PP, Pp, and pP. Therefore, the percentage of having purple offspring is 75%.

An allele is a variant form of a gene that is responsible for the observed trait. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins, and the combination of alleles present in an individual's genotype determines their phenotype, or the physical expression of the trait. Therefore, the allele is the specific form of the gene that directly influences the phenotype.

A monohybrid cross refers to the breeding of two pure-breed organisms that differ in only one trait or characteristic. This type of cross is used to study the inheritance of a single trait in offspring. By crossing two pure-breeding individuals with different traits, such as one with a dominant trait and the other with a recessive trait, the resulting offspring can be observed to determine how the trait is inherited and expressed. Therefore, the given answer "Monohybrid cross" accurately describes the process of crossing two pure-breed organisms to study the inheritance of a single trait.