Heart Anatomy - Models/Pictures

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The answer "Inferior vena cava" is correct because it is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart. It is located on the right side of the body and runs alongside the abdominal aorta. The inferior vena cava plays a crucial role in returning blood to the heart for oxygenation and circulation throughout the body.

The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body back to the heart. It is located in the upper chest and is responsible for returning blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs to the right atrium of the heart. This vein is an important part of the circulatory system and plays a crucial role in maintaining blood flow and oxygenation throughout the body.

The left AV valve, also known as the mitral valve, actually faces more pressure than the right AV valve, also known as the tricuspid valve. This is because the left ventricle, which the mitral valve separates from the left atrium, has a thicker muscular wall and generates higher pressure to pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. In contrast, the right ventricle, separated from the right atrium by the tricuspid valve, pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, which requires less pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Number 7 corresponds to the right atrium. The right atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart and it receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. It then pumps this blood into the right ventricle, which will eventually send it to the lungs for oxygenation.

The correct answer is "myocardium." The term "myocardium" refers to the middle layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It is responsible for the contraction and pumping action of the heart, allowing it to effectively circulate blood throughout the body. The myocardium is thicker in the left ventricle compared to the other chambers of the heart, as it needs to generate enough force to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body.

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The correct answer is tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle in the heart. It consists of three cusps or flaps that open and close to allow blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle and prevent backflow. This valve plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper circulation of blood in the heart, specifically in the right side of the heart.

The pulmonary trunk is a large blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. It branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries, which deliver the blood to the lungs for oxygenation. This vessel is crucial for the circulatory system as it plays a vital role in the transportation of blood to the lungs for oxygen exchange.

The top of the heart is commonly referred to as the base. The base of the heart is the broader, superior portion that connects to the great vessels such as the aorta and pulmonary trunk. It is located at the top of the heart and is opposite to the apex, which is the pointed bottom part of the heart.

The answer "endocardium" is correct because it is the innermost layer of the heart. It is a smooth membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves. The endocardium helps to reduce friction as blood flows through the heart and also plays a role in the conduction of electrical signals that regulate the heart's rhythm.

The structure identified as #14 is the left pulmonary artery. The left pulmonary artery is a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the left lung. It branches off from the main pulmonary artery, which carries blood from the heart to the lungs. The left pulmonary artery is responsible for supplying blood to the left lung, where it will be oxygenated and returned to the heart.

The chordea tendinae are anchored by the papillary muscles. These muscles are located in the ventricles of the heart and are attached to the heart valves by the chordea tendinae. The papillary muscles contract during ventricular systole, which helps to prevent the valves from prolapsing or inverting into the atria. Therefore, the papillary muscles play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and proper functioning of the heart valves.

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The correct answer is left ventricle because it is the main pumping chamber of the heart responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. It is located on the left side of the heart and has thicker muscular walls compared to the right ventricle.

The term "ascending aorta" refers to the first section of the aorta, the largest artery in the body, which arises from the left ventricle of the heart. It is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This answer correctly identifies the structure indicated as the ascending aorta.

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The correct answer is "interventricular septum." The interventricular septum is a wall of tissue that separates the two lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart. The interventricular septum is responsible for preventing the mixing of blood between the left and right ventricles, ensuring that oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the body and oxygen-poor blood is sent to the lungs for oxygenation.

The correct answer is left subclavian artery. The left subclavian artery is a major blood vessel that arises from the aortic arch and supplies blood to the left arm and the left side of the head and neck. It is the third branch of the aortic arch, following the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery. The left subclavian artery is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the upper extremities and plays a crucial role in maintaining blood circulation throughout the body.

The correct answer is epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall, also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium. It is composed of connective tissue and is responsible for protecting the heart and providing a smooth surface for the movement of the heart. It is closely attached to the myocardium, the middle layer of the heart wall, and is separated from the pericardium, the outermost layer, by a small space called the pericardial cavity.

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The given answer, coronary sinus, correctly identifies structure #17. The coronary sinus is a large vein located in the posterior part of the heart. It collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and delivers it to the right atrium.

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The correct answer is fibrous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is the tough outer layer of the pericardium, which is the sac that surrounds the heart. It is made up of dense connective tissue and provides protection and support to the heart.

The valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle is called the aortic semilunar valve. This valve prevents the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle, ensuring that blood flows in one direction only. It consists of three cusps or leaflets that open and close as the heart contracts and relaxes, allowing blood to be pumped out of the left ventricle and into the aorta during systole, and preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricle during diastole. The aortic semilunar valve plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper circulation of blood throughout the body.

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The middle cardiac vein is a major vein in the heart that runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery. It drains blood from the posterior part of the heart and carries it back to the coronary sinus. The middle cardiac vein is an important component of the coronary circulation system, helping to ensure adequate blood supply to the heart muscle.

Intercalated discs are specialized structures found in cardiac muscle cells. They play a crucial role in coordinating the contraction of the heart muscle. These discs contain gap junctions, which allow for the rapid spread of electrical signals between cells, ensuring synchronized contraction. Additionally, intercalated discs also contain desmosomes, which provide structural support and help to maintain the integrity of the cardiac tissue during contraction. Therefore, the presence of intercalated discs indicates the presence of specialized structures that enable efficient communication and coordination between cardiac muscle cells.

The great cardiac vein is the vein that runs next to the anterior interventricular artery.

The correct answer is posterior interventricular artery. The posterior interventricular artery is a branch of the right coronary artery in the heart. It runs along the posterior interventricular sulcus, supplying blood to the posterior walls of both ventricles. This artery plays a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the heart muscles and ensuring proper cardiac function.

The correct answer is "right pulmonary artery." This suggests that the question is asking the reader to identify a specific structure, which in this case is the right pulmonary artery. The right pulmonary artery is a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right lung.

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The tricuspid valve is also known as the right atrioventricular valve. This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. It consists of three leaflets or cusps that open and close to regulate the flow of blood from the atrium to the ventricle. The tricuspid valve prevents the backflow of blood into the atrium when the ventricle contracts, ensuring that blood flows in only one direction through the heart.

The answer to the question "Identify #11" is the right coronary artery. This is because the right coronary artery is the blood vessel depicted in the image or diagram being referred to as #11. The right coronary artery is one of the main arteries that supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

The correct answer is left common carotid artery. The left common carotid artery is one of the three major arteries that supplies blood to the head and neck. It arises from the aortic arch and branches off into smaller arteries that supply blood to the left side of the head and neck. This artery is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the brain, face, and neck.

The correct answer is anterior interventricular artery. The anterior interventricular artery, also known as the left anterior descending artery, is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the anterior walls of the left ventricle and the interventricular septum. It is one of the main branches of the left coronary artery and plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the heart muscle.

Papillary muscles are small, nipple-like muscles found within the ventricles of the heart. They are responsible for controlling the movement of the heart valves, specifically the mitral and tricuspid valves. The papillary muscles contract during ventricular systole, which helps to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria by ensuring that the valves close properly. They are attached to the valve leaflets by tendinous cords called chordae tendineae. Overall, the papillary muscles play a crucial role in maintaining the proper functioning of the heart.

Number #1 corresponds to the aortic arch.

The coronary arteries are the first arteries to branch off of the aorta. These arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, ensuring that it receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen to function properly. Without the coronary arteries, the heart would not be able to pump blood effectively, leading to serious health complications. Therefore, the coronary arteries play a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and function of the heart.

The correct answer is chordae tendineae. Chordae tendineae are fibrous cords in the heart that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve. They help to anchor the valves and prevent them from inverting or prolapsing during ventricular contraction.

The correct answer is "ligamentum arteriosum." The ligamentum arteriosum is a fibrous band of tissue that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in fetal circulation. It is a remnant of a fetal blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus, which allows blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs. After birth, the ductus arteriosus closes and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. It serves no physiological purpose in adult humans.

The correct answer is pectinate muscles. Pectinate muscles are ridged muscles found in the atria of the heart. They are responsible for increasing the surface area of the atrial walls, allowing for greater contraction and expansion of the atria during the cardiac cycle. These muscles are arranged in a comb-like pattern, giving them their name "pectinate," which means resembling a comb.

The correct answer is pulmonary semilunar valve. The pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during ventricular relaxation. This valve opens when the right ventricle contracts, allowing deoxygenated blood to be pumped into the pulmonary artery and towards the lungs for oxygenation.

The small cardiac vein is the correct answer because it is a blood vessel that runs alongside the right coronary artery and drains blood from the heart's right atrium and ventricle. It is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood away from the heart muscle and returning it to the right atrium. The small cardiac vein plays a crucial role in the overall circulation of blood within the heart.

The correct answer is brachiocephalic artery because it is identified as #27.

The box near #3 indicates striations.

The correct answer is the anterior interventricular artery. This artery, also known as the left anterior descending artery, is a major branch of the left coronary artery. It supplies blood to the anterior walls of both ventricles and a portion of the interventricular septum. It is an important artery in the heart's blood supply, and blockage or narrowing of this artery can lead to a heart attack.

The answer "circumflex artery" is the correct identification for #5. The circumflex artery is a branch of the left coronary artery and is responsible for supplying blood to the left atrium and ventricle. It runs along the back of the heart and can be seen in certain medical imaging techniques, such as angiography.